What does MRI stand for?
Marginal Resistance Imaging
Magnetic Resistance Imaging
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Marginal Routine Imaging
The combination of scattered radiation and radiation absorbed into the patient's body is known as:
Attenuation
Luminescence
Penumbra effect
Thermionic emission
Which of the following terms describes the process of electrons leaving their orbit from the atom when stimulated by a filament being heated?
Sudden braking
Kinetic energy
Boiling off
Which of the following is true about the cathode?
It is where the x-rays are produced
It produces electrons when heated
It is where the electrons strike
It can be stationary or rotating
Which of the following is a teratogenic effect of radiation?
Cancer
Skin erythema
Blood count changes
Malformation of a foetus
Penumbra will increase with:
A reduced anode angle
An increased anode angle
A smaller actual focal spot
A smaller effective focal spot
What is the anode primarily made of?
Copper
Tungsten
Aluminium
Molybdenum
Which of the following statements is correct?
The filament within the anode is heated, electrons are produced, a potential difference is applied, and electrons are directed through the focussing cup towards the target.
The filament within the cathode is heated, x-rays are produced, a potential difference is applied, x-rays hit the anode and are directed down towards the patient.
Electrons produced at the cathode through thermionic emission are collected by the focussing cup, a potential difference is applied, they are propelled towards the anode where they are converted to x-rays.
Electrons produced at the cathode by kinetic energy are collected by the focussing cup, a potential difference is applied, they are propelled towards the anode where they are converted into x-rays.
Which of the following is NOT a resulting effect of radiaton?
Biological
Photographic
Electromagnetism
X-rays are described as having:
Short wavelength, high frequency
Short wavelength, low frequency
Long wavelength, high frequency
Long wavelength, low frequency
The focussing cup prevents electrons from:
Decelerating
Repelling
Diverging
Converging
Which of the following statements are true?
With a stationary anode, the size of the actual focal spot changes (increases) whilst the size of the effective focal spot stays the same.
With a stationary anode, the size of the actual focal spot stays the same whilst the size of the effective focal spot increases.
With a rotating anode, the size of the actual focal spot changes (increases) and so does the size of the effective focal spot.
With a rotating anode, the size of the actual focal spot changes (increases) but the size of the effective focal spot stays the same.
Atomic number is determined by:
Amount of electrons in an atom
Amount of neutrons and electrons in an atom
Amount of protons in an atom
Amount of neutrons and protons in the nucleus
Which of the following is NOT a type of diagnostic imaging?
Gamma scintigraphy
Fluoroscopy
Electrocardiography
Laparoscopy
An effect which occurs due to exposure to radiation irrespective of amount is known as:
Somatic
Deterministic
Genetic
Stochastic
If the mA is 50 and the exposure time is 0.5s the mAs would be:
25
55
100
250
When taking a radiograph, the Film Focal Distance FFD is set at 75 and the mAs is 10. If the FFD is increased to 150, the new mAs should be:
5
20
40
80
A radiograph is taken at 60kV and 50mAs. If the kV was changed to 70 what would the new mAs be?
70kV and 12.5mAs
70kV and 30mAs
70Kv and 15mAs
70kV and 25mAs
A radiograph taken using an mAs of 8 with the mA set at 50 will use an exposure time of:
0.16s
0.32s
0.58s
0.62s
If an x-ray machine is set with a time of 0.2s and an mAs of 12, the mA will be:
6
24
60
240
When x-raying thick/dense tissue you will need a:
High kV
High mAs
Low kV
Low mAs
Increasing the FFD will:
Improve sharpness, create an overexposed image and need a high mAs
Improve sharpness, create an underexposed image but require low mAs
Reduce sharpness, create an underexposed image and require high mAs
Reduce sharpness, create an overexposed image but require low mAs
A radiograph that is too dark may have been:
Taken with a low kV
Overexposed or overdeveloped
Underexposed or underdeveloped
Taken with an excessive film focal distance
What is the exposure fault for an image high in contrast?
kV too high
kV too low
mA too high
mA too low
Objects that allow x-rays to pass through them are:
Denser
Radiopaque
Radiolucent
Likely to be bone
Distinct black crescent marks seen on an image are most likely to be caused by:
Static electricity
Finger nail marks
Splashes of developer
Dust trapped in the cassette
A film which is high in contrast could be corrected by:
Increasing the mAs
Decreasing the mAs
Increasing the kV
Decreasing the kV
Which one of the following grids if not used correctly, would lead to a film fault where there is a loss of image on each side or “cut off”
Pseudo-focussed
Cross hatched
Potter bucky
Focussed
Which of the following is the most likely cause of a yellow-brown stain over the whole of the film?
Insufficient washing after developing
Insufficient washing after fixing
Expired developer
Expired film
An image which is too dark when processed could be caused by which of the following?
Film focal distance too great
mAs too low
Time (sec) too short
Which of the following is the usual frequency (MHz) at which an abdominal scan would be performed on a large dog?
3
7
10
Which mode would be selected on an ultrasound machine if a video-like image was required for example when looking at the movement of the heart?
A
B
M
Doppler
Which of the following tissues will attenuate and therefore reflect ultrasound waves the most?
Bone
Fat
Soft tissue
Fluid
Tissue which is anechoic and therefore does not reflect any ultrasound waves will appear what colour?
Black
Dark grey
White
Light grey
Blood returning to (moving towards) the probe on a Doppler ultrasound image will be:
Red
Blue
Which of the following is NOT a recognised technique of producing a contrast radiograph?
Barium used within the gastrointestinal tract
Triple combination of iodine, barium and air
Air used as negative contrast medium
Air and iodine used together
Positive contrast media used in studies has a:
Dark appearance on a radiograph
Low ability to absorb x-rays
High atomic number
Radiolucent effect
Which if the following terms is associated with the introduction of contrast media into the bladder for cystography?
Anterograde
Retrograde
Descending
Ascending
Which of the following is true regarding patient preparation for contrast radiography?
A radiograph should be taken as soon as the contrast media is administered
Patients should be starved for 48hrs
Plain radiographs should be taken first
All patients should be anaesthetised
Which of the following is recommended as part of patient aftercare following myelography?
Place the patient in lateral recumbency
Maintain the patient's head flexed at 90° to the spine
Maintain elevation of the patient's head 10° above the level of the spine
Ensure the patient's head is kept lower than the level of their spine
Gloves used as PPE in small animal radiography have what thickness of lead equivalent?
0.25mm
0.35mm
0.25cm
0.5mm
Who is responsible for providing guidance on creation of the radiography local rules?
Health and Safety Executive
Radiation Protection Advisor
Radiation Protection Supervisor
National Radiological Protection Board
Adult workers have a maximum permissible dose of radiation of 100 msv over a 5 year period. What is the maximum dose in any given year they can receive?
20 msv
50 msv
25 msv
100 msv
Thermoluminescent dosimeters contain which type of crystals?
Lithium fluoride
Lithium heparin
Silver bromide
Silver halide
Which of the following does not represent effective radiographic health and safety?
Collimation of the beam to the smallest size possible
Maintaining a film focal distance of 100cm
Use of a radiation protection advisor
Reduction of exposure factors
