MCQ EOS June 2018 Formative

Questão 1 de 112

1

Drug X is said to be more potent than drug Y. Therefore, drug X produces a:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

quicker effect than drug Y
longer lasting effect than drug Y
greater maximum effect than drug Y
similar effect at a lower EC50 than drug Y
greater area under the curve effect than drug Y

Explicação

Questão 2 de 112

1

A 38 year old mother presents to you at 11 weeks pregnant. Which of the following best fits the definition of a screening test for a Down syndrome fetus?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Amniocentesis
Nuchal translucency test
Second trimester foetal morphology ultrasound
Checking for a family history of Downs syndrome
A blood test for chromosome analysis of the mother

Explicação

Questão 3 de 112

1

A good screening test needs to have high:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

sensitivity
specificity
diagnostic accuracy
positive predictive value
negative predictive value

Explicação

Questão 4 de 112

1

In conditions associated with aneuploidy, which of the following describes the genetic defect? It:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

may only involve a single gene
is caused by over replication of DNA during meiosis I
results in a phenotype incompatible with survival beyond childhood
results when one copy of a chromosome fails to separate from another
is found only in genotypes of individuals with additional copies of chromosomes

Explicação

Questão 5 de 112

1

DLEPP - Choose A

Selecione uma das seguintes:

A
B
C
D
E

Explicação

Questão 6 de 112

1

Which of the following is an example of secondary prevention?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Mammography
An arthritis self-management Program
Immunisation for communicable disease
Foot care education for a diabetic patient
Community based smoking cessation programs

Explicação

Questão 7 de 112

1

Which of the following is the reason individuals with AB-positive blood type are considered the universal recipients? It is because they:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

are congenitally immunosuppressed
only make antibodies against type O antigens
have no antigens on the surface of their erythrocytes
have both A and B antigens on the surface of their erythrocytes
have unique antigens on the surface of their erythrocytes compared to individuals with other ABO blood types

Explicação

Questão 8 de 112

1

One of the advantages of high risk population approaches to blood pressure control in comparison to population wide interventions is that high risk population approaches:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Don’t need to involve the medical system
Are not reliant on individual behaviour change
Have a greater benefit to risk ratio for each individual
Are not reliant on an arbitrary ‘cut off’ of blood pressure values
Tend to be more costly compared to population wide approaches

Explicação

Questão 9 de 112

1

Hypertension is a risk factor for the following disease:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Spina bifida
Diverticulitis
Hyperlipidaemia
Colorectal cancer
Chronic kidney disease

Explicação

Questão 10 de 112

1

Which of the following microbes is a common microbe in urinary tract infections?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Vibrio cholorae
Herpes simplex
Escherichia coli
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Explicação

Questão 11 de 112

1

Which of the following microbes secretes a toxin, which stimulates the same intracellular transduction mechanism (second messenger) in its target cells as adrenaline does in its target cells via β-adrenergic receptors?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Vibrio cholorae
Herpes simplex
Escherichia coli
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Explicação

Questão 12 de 112

1

Which of the following microbes reproduces by having its DNA replicated in infected cells?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Vibrio cholorae
Herpes simplex
Escherichia coli
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Explicação

Questão 13 de 112

1

Which of the following microbes has resistance to antibiotics that is partly due to the presence of lipids anchored in its cell wall?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Vibrio cholorae
Herpes simplex
Escherichia coli
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Explicação

Questão 14 de 112

1

DLEPP - Choose A

Selecione uma das seguintes:

A
B
C
D
E

Explicação

Questão 15 de 112

1

Which of the following lifestyle change would MOST benefit a patient in terms of modifying hyperlipidaemia?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Restrict salt
Reduce stress
Increase monitoring of lipids
Decrease saturated fats in diet
Increase dietary sources of potassium

Explicação

Questão 16 de 112

1

An antibiotic that has a narrow spectrum of activity indicates that the drug has which of the following properties?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

low efficacy
low potency
a short half-life
a narrow margin of safety
a range of activity against a limited number of bacterial species

Explicação

Questão 17 de 112

1

DHC not covered - Choose A

Selecione uma das seguintes:

A
B
C
D
E

Explicação

Questão 18 de 112

1

Which of the following is likely to produce the greatest increase in INTRACELLULAR fluid volume when administered to a subject whose water intake remains constant during the infusion?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

renin
adrenaline
aldosterone
vasopressin (ADH)
hypertonic saline solution

Explicação

Questão 19 de 112

1

DHC not covered yet - Choose A

Selecione uma das seguintes:

A
B
C
D
E

Explicação

Questão 20 de 112

1

A patient presents with a suspected viral infection in the pharynx. Identification of which of the following is the main aim of taking a throat swab?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

virus by culturing it
virus from its genetic material
body cells that the virus has invaded
virus by the type of antibodies present
sensitivity of the virus to specific antimicrobials

Explicação

Questão 21 de 112

1

DHC not covered yet - Choose A

Selecione uma das seguintes:

A
B
C
D
E

Explicação

Questão 22 de 112

1

Drug X is said to be a competitive antagonist of neurotransmitter Y. This necessarily means that:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

X decreases the affinity between Y and its receptors.
X decreases the rate of the biosynthesis or biotransformation of Y.
X and Y activate different intracellular (second messenger) signaling systems.
In the presence of X, the concentration of Y has to be higher than it does in the absence of X to achieve the same effect.
In the presence of X, the maximum effect achievable by Y is decreased, but the concentration required for half-maximal effect remains the same.

Explicação

Questão 23 de 112

1

DHC not covered yet - Choose A

Selecione uma das seguintes:

A
B
C
D
E

Explicação

Questão 24 de 112

1

Which of the following describes the mechanism of secondary hypertension in a patient with a unilateral renal artery stenosis?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

stimulation of nicotinic receptors
stimulation of angiotensin receptors
expansion of the intracellular volume
stimulation of beta-adrenergic receptors
stimulation of alpha-adrenergic receptors

Explicação

Questão 25 de 112

1

Which of the following would be expected in a patient who has been administered an intramuscular injection of adrenaline?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

acceleration of heart action and pupillary constriction
stimulation of upper intestinal action and pupillary constriction
sweating, paling or flushing and stimulation of stomach activity
increased respiratory rate and constriction of blood vessels for muscles
constriction of blood vessels in the skin and dilation of blood vessels in skeletal muscle

Explicação

Questão 26 de 112

1

Which of the following describes the microscopic appearance of streptococcal bacteria?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

single rods
chains of rods
clusters of rods
d) chains of spheres
chains of spheres
clusters of spheres

Explicação

Questão 27 de 112

1

A 50-year-old man has a previous history of tuberculosis and now has a firm lymph node in his neck. A fine needle aspiration of the lymph node is done. The presence of which of the following types of cell would suggest a diagnosis of tuberculosis?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

eosinophils
epithelioid cells
lymphocytes
macrophages
neutrophils

Explicação

Questão 28 de 112

1

DLEPP - Choose A

Selecione uma das seguintes:

A
B
C
D
E

Explicação

Questão 29 de 112

1

Australia has been at the forefront of a unique approach to drug policy and practice known as ‘harm minimisation’. Which of the following BEST describes the strategy of ‘harm minimisation’?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

A strategy aimed to address the harmful effects of drugs on the individual
A national public health strategy that addressed the environmental sources of drug use
A strategy aimed at the reduction in harm from drugs, supply of drugs and demand for drugs
A strategy built on community development programs to prevent the uptake of harmful drug use
A strategy that aims to address drug use, by conceptualising it as an interaction between the drug and environmental factors.

Explicação

Questão 30 de 112

1

All germ cells and some cancer cells share which of the following characteristics?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

active telomerase activity
constant replication
haploid number of chromosomes
loss of DNA repair genes
suppressed apoptotic activity

Explicação

Questão 31 de 112

1

Everything else being equal, wWhich of the following individuals is MOST LIKELY to have a the LOWEST SODIUM [Na+] concentration, recorded in a sample of his/her blood?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

A healthy individual who has been given the drug ouabain (inhibits Na+/K+ATPase)
an athlete who has just lost one litre of hypotonic (70 mmol/L) NaCl as sweat
a normally hydrated individual who has just received an infusion of one litre of isotonic (0.9%) saline in preparation for surgery
a patient with Conn’s syndrome (aldosterone-secreting tumour)
an ecstasy user with inappropriately elevated secretion of vasopressin (SIADH)

Explicação

Questão 32 de 112

1

DHC not covered yet - Choose A

Selecione uma das seguintes:

A
B
C
D
E

Explicação

Questão 33 de 112

1

Hypertension is a risk factor for the following disease:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Stroke
Spina bifida
Diverticulitis
Hyperlipidamia
Colorectal cancer

Explicação

Questão 34 de 112

1

For an adult with ‘pre-diabetes’, which of the following is most likely to delay or prevent the onset of type 2 diabetes?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Quitting smoking
Commencing insulin
Measuring blood sugar daily
Starting doing 15 minutes of exercise daily
Commencing a cholesterol-reducing medication

Explicação

Questão 35 de 112

1

DHC not covered yet - Choose A

Selecione uma das seguintes:

A
B
C
D
E

Explicação

Questão 36 de 112

1

The goal of immunization (vaccination) is to induce:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

autoimmunity
active immunity
innate immunity
passive immunity
cell-mediated immunity

Explicação

Questão 37 de 112

1

DHC not covered yet - Choose A

Selecione uma das seguintes:

A
B
C
D
E

Explicação

Questão 38 de 112

1

Which of the following patients is MOST LIKELY to have a low respiration rate (breaths per minute)? A patient with:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

angina and who is panicking
a heroin overdose and about to get naloxone
pneumonia and about to get an intravenous antibiotic
iron-deficiency anaemia and about to get a blood transfusion
type 1 diabetes mellitus and about to get insulin for the first time in three days

Explicação

Questão 39 de 112

1

The tendency to accept a diagnosis due to ease in recalling a past similar event or case rather than probability or statistical prevalence is:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

affect heuristic
anchoring heuristic
availability heuristic
confirmation heuristic
satisficing heuristic

Explicação

Questão 40 de 112

1

In the image above, which letter indicates the lamina?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

A
B
C
D
E

Explicação

Questão 41 de 112

1

An example of primary prevention is:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Syphilis serology in pregnant women
Air quality guidelines and monitoring
Rehabilitation programme after stroke
The national breast screening programme
Benzanthine penicillin monthly following rheumatic fever

Explicação

Questão 42 de 112

1

A feature that distinguishes screening tests from diagnostic tests is that screening tests are:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

More affordable than diagnostic tests
Conducted on people who have symptoms
Likely to have a higher overall test accuracy
More likely to have a high false positive rate
More likely to have a high true negative rate

Explicação

Questão 43 de 112

1

Optimum time for sexual intercourse that will result in pregnancy MOST LIKELY corresponds to which of the following?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

2 days after peak estradiol concentrations during the menstrual cycle
2 days after peak progesterone concentrations during the menstrual cycle
2 days after the endometrium reaches its thinnest during the menstrual cycle
2 days before peak luteinising hormone concentrations during the menstrual cycle
2 days before peak follicle-stimulating hormone concentrations during the menstrual cycle

Explicação

Questão 44 de 112

1

The National Vision for primary health care has, as one of its MAIN priorities

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Complex case management
Evidence based general practice
Improved access to hospital care
Increased focus on tertiary prevention
Reduced inequity in health outcomes for all

Explicação

Questão 45 de 112

1

Which of the following inhibit(s) thrombosis?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

α-2 macroglobulin
conversion of factor X to factor Xa
endothelial damage
fibrin
oral cyclooxygenase inhibitors

Explicação

Questão 46 de 112

1

You are considering working for the World Health Organisation in a socially and economically disadvantaged developing region where there is a tuberculosis epidemic. Your specific brief is to address the social determinants of health through tuberculosis control programs . Which of the following should you address as part of your brief?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Co-existing illnesses
Medication supplies
Crowded housing conditions
Evidence based medical care
Community health professional training

Explicação

Questão 47 de 112

1

Which of the following drugs is MOST LIKELY to result in decreased postsynaptic activity at neuromuscular junctions?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

botox, which blocks fusion of exocytotic vesicles with plasma membranes
carbachol, which acts like acetylcholine and is resistant to choline esterases
cocaine, which blocks uptake of catecholamines by presynaptic neurons
diazepam, which hyperpolarises neurons that have receptors for gamma-aminobutyric acid
propranolol, which competes with noradrenaline for binding at beta receptors

Explicação

Questão 48 de 112

1

An example of secondary prevention is:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Advice to youth to abstain from sexual relationships
Provision of condom vending machines in public spaces
Annual chlamydia testing of men who have sex with men
HPV immunisation of girls who are not yet sexually active
Education to change community norms and gender relations

Explicação

Questão 49 de 112

1

Which of the following is the MOST LIKELY finding in a tissue at early stage granulation?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

scar tissue
collagen formation
proliferation of fibroblasts
recruitment of inflammatory cells
scattered formation of blood vessels

Explicação

Questão 50 de 112

1

A process of "mental matching" to diagnose conditions with characteristic presentations that may predispose to a lack of differential diagnosis is best described by the term:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

affect
anchoring
availability
confirmation
representative

Explicação

Questão 51 de 112

1

Which of the following tests is used to detect antibodies to viral infections?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
erythrocyte sedimentation rate
immunoprecipitation
plasmaphoresis
serum protein electrophoresis

Explicação

Questão 52 de 112

1

Which of the following is a characteristic of a drug that would dissolve a thrombus in a patient’s coronary artery?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

activates vitamin K
activates fibrinogen
activates plasminogen
increases activity of antithrombin III
decreases international normalised ratio (INR)

Explicação

Questão 53 de 112

1

Which of the following is a characteristic of a drug you might use to keep the patient from developing thrombi after you successfully dissolved the thrombus in his coronary artery?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

activates vitamin K
activates fibrinogen
activates plasminogen
increases activity of antithrombin III
decreases international normalised ratio (INR)

Explicação

Questão 54 de 112

1

DLEPP - Choose A

Selecione uma das seguintes:

A
B
C
D
E

Explicação

Questão 55 de 112

1

DLEPP - Choose A

Selecione uma das seguintes:

A
B
C
D
E

Explicação

Questão 56 de 112

1

A 50-year-old patient presents with haemorrhages and exudates (cotton wool spots) in the retinas of his eyes. He is also MOST LIKELY to:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

be taking heroin
benefit from treatment with an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor
have central cyanosis
require anticoagulant therapy
suffer from an allergic reaction

Explicação

Questão 57 de 112

1

A 26-year-old triathlete has been trying unsuccessfully to conceive and you suspect that she may have a relatively common problem among female athletes, which is the failure to ovulate. You draw a single blood sample on the day that she comes for her initial consultation with you. Which of the following results is the MOST CONVINCING that she has indeed ovulated?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

estradiol - high normal
progesterone - high normal
luteinising hormone (LH) - low normal
follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) - low normal
human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) – undetectable

Explicação

Questão 58 de 112

1

Which of the following pairs of organ systems is ectodermally-derived?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

muscular and skeletal systems
integumentary and nervous systems
integumentary and muscular systems
circulatory system and skeletal system
lining of the gut and the nervous system

Explicação

Questão 59 de 112

1

A man with a previous history of tuberculosis and now has a firm lymph node in his neck. A fine needle aspiration of the lymph node is done. The presence of which of the following types of cell would suggest a diagnosis of tuberculosis?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

lymphocytes
macrophages
neutrophils
epithelioid cells
eosinophils

Explicação

Questão 60 de 112

1

DLEPP - Choose A

Selecione uma das seguintes:

A
B
C
D
E

Explicação

Questão 61 de 112

1

In the blastocyst, the:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

blastocoele serves the functions of the digestive system, lungs, and kidneys for the fetus
blastocoele is destined to become the fetus
trophoblast is destined to become the fetal portion of the placenta
trophoblast is destined to become the fetus
trophoblast is destined to become the inner cell mass

Explicação

Questão 62 de 112

1

Which of the following is the enzyme responsible for the formation of angiotensin I (Ang I)?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

renin
angiotensinase
angiotensinogen
angiotensin synthase
angiotensin-converting enzyme

Explicação

Questão 63 de 112

1

Everything else being equal, Which of the following individuals is LIKELY to have a the HIGHEST POTASSIUM [K+] concentration, recorded in a sample of his/her blood?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

a healthy individual who has been given the drug flucloxacillin
a patient with Conn’s syndrome (aldosterone secreting tumour)
a normally hydrated individual whose blood sample haemolysed (cells burst) on the way to the lab
a cancer patient who is nauseated by medication and has been unable to eat anything in three days
a patient with heart failure who is using frusemide, a drug that inhibits resorption of sodium, potassium and chloride in the loop of henle of the kidney

Explicação

Questão 64 de 112

1

DLEPP - Choose A

Selecione uma das seguintes:

A
B
C
D
E

Explicação

Questão 65 de 112

1

An example of tertiary prevention is:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Vector control
Tax on tobacco products
Fluoridation of drinking water
HEEADSSS assessment for adolescents
Cardiac rehabilitation post-myocardial infarction

Explicação

Questão 66 de 112

1

DLEPP - Choose A

Selecione uma das seguintes:

A
B
C
D
E

Explicação

Questão 67 de 112

1

Alfred, aged 56, attends your general practice for an unrelated condition and you note his blood pressure is somewhat high, at 155/90. The most usual next step would be:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Order an echocardiogram
Examine Alfred to rule out a stroke
Commence an antihypertensive medication
Recheck his BP preferably on a separate occasion
Ensure Alfred rests more over the next few days until you can repeat his BP

Explicação

Questão 68 de 112

1

DHC not covered yet - Choose A

Selecione uma das seguintes:

A
B
C
D
E

Explicação

Questão 69 de 112

1

For which of the following sets of three (3) diseases is hypertension a risk factor?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Chronic kidney disease, Osteoarthritis, Diabetes
Coronary heart disease, Chronic kidney disease, Heart failure
Heart failure, Muscle dystrophy, Stroke
Peripheral vascular disease, Blindness, Osteoarthritis
Stroke, Cataract, Osteoporosis

Explicação

Questão 70 de 112

1

You are writing an article on the social determination of health in your local community newspaper. Which of the following is NOT a social determinant of health?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

median income
percentage of unemployment
ratio of private to public housing
number of breast cancer survivors
availability of public spaces suitable for exercise

Explicação

Questão 71 de 112

1

A woman and man present for pre-pregnancy advice. The family history includes Huntington’s disease, an autosomal dominant condition, on the man’s side. The man is heterozygous for the gene product huntingtin and the woman is unaffected. Which of the following describes the probability of inheritance of Huntington’s disease?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

0% in male and 0% in female children
25% in male and 0% in female children
25% in male and 25% in female children
50% in male and 25% in female children
50% in male and 50% in female children

Explicação

Questão 72 de 112

1

Which of the following statements about suicide in Australia is correct?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Around 55% of all suicides are male.
There are around 10,500 suicides per year.
Women have the highest age standardised suicide rate.
The highest age specific rate is for males aged 85 years and over.
Men are more likely than women to access services for mental health issues.

Explicação

Questão 73 de 112

1

The incidence rate of lung cancer among smokers divided by the incidence rate of lung cancer among non-smokers in a population is called the _________:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

relative risk
hazard ratio
distal population risk
population prevalence
population attributable risk

Explicação

Questão 74 de 112

1

An unconscious patient with pinpoint pupils, slow breathing and a normal heart rate will MOST LIKELY benefit from treatment with a drug that blocks which of the following receptors?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

alpha adrenergic
beta adrenergic
mu opioid
muscarinic
nicotinic

Explicação

Questão 75 de 112

1

You read an article about the role of social and environmental factors on rates of tuberculosis in a refugee community. The authors report descriptive statistics of the association of family size according to age groups. ‘Age grouping’ is an example of a(n):

Selecione uma das seguintes:

continuous variable
dependent variable
dichotomous variable
nominal variable
ordinal variable

Explicação

Questão 76 de 112

1

A normal subject loses 1 litre of sweat containing 60 mOsm (milliosmoles) of NaCl. In terms of changes to extracellular fluid volume (ECF), intracellular fluid volume (ICF) and osmolarity, which of the following is correct?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

only ICF will contract
only ECF will contract
plasma osmolarity will decrease
ECF and ICF will both contract, but ICF will contract more than ECF
ECF and ICF will both contract, but ECF will contract more than ICF

Explicação

Questão 77 de 112

1

DLEPP - Choose A

Selecione uma das seguintes:

A
B
C
D
E

Explicação

Questão 78 de 112

1

The results of a screening test for adolescent depression are compared to depression designated by the DSM 4 criteria (the ‘gold standard’ in this example).

What proportion of people with depression does the screening test correctly identify?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

90/100
90/360
10/400
390/660
480/760

Explicação

Questão 79 de 112

1

DHC - Choose A

Selecione uma das seguintes:

A
B
C
D
E

Explicação

Questão 80 de 112

1

DLEPP - Choose A

Selecione uma das seguintes:

A
B
C
D
E

Explicação

Questão 81 de 112

1

Which one of the following combinations are components of mechanisms that can act to DECREASE extracellular fluid volume?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

increased capillary oncotic pressure and decreased lymphatic drainage
increased plasma potassium concentration and decreased arterial pressure
increased intestinal chloride excretion and decreased renal sodium reabsorption
increased aldosterone secretion and decreased antidiuretic hormone (ADH) secretion
increased constriction of the afferent arteriole and decreased constriction of the efferent arteriole

Explicação

Questão 82 de 112

1

DHC - Choose A

Selecione uma das seguintes:

A
B
C
D
E

Explicação

Questão 83 de 112

1

DHC - Choose A

Selecione uma das seguintes:

A
B
C
D
E

Explicação

Questão 84 de 112

1

DHC - Choose A

Selecione uma das seguintes:

A
B
C
D
E

Explicação

Questão 85 de 112

1

DHC - Choose A

Selecione uma das seguintes:

A
B
C
D
E

Explicação

Questão 86 de 112

1

A finding of decreased arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (CO2) in a patient with diabetic ketoacidosis MOST LIKELY reflects a(n):

Selecione uma das seguintes:

impaired/abnormal homeostatic feedback response
normal homeostatic response mediated by aortic/carotid baroreceptors
normal homeostatic response mediated by peripheral chemoreceptors
normal direct effect on effector cells of changes to plasma reaching those cells
normal homeostatic response NOT involving baroreceptors or chemoreceptors

Explicação

Questão 87 de 112

1

A finding of facial pallor in a patient with a 10% decrease in cardiac output due to a problem within the heart MOST LIKELY reflects a(n):

Selecione uma das seguintes:

impaired/abnormal homeostatic feedback response
normal homeostatic response mediated by aortic/carotid baroreceptors
normal homeostatic response mediated by peripheral chemoreceptors
normal direct effect on effector cells of changes to plasma reaching those cells
normal homeostatic response NOT involving baroreceptors or chemoreceptors

Explicação

Questão 88 de 112

1

A finding of increased renal sodium reabsorption in a patient who lost 1 litre of blood (20% of blood volume) MOST LIKELY reflects a(n):

Selecione uma das seguintes:

impaired/abnormal homeostatic feedback response
normal homeostatic response mediated by aortic/carotid baroreceptors
normal homeostatic response mediated by peripheral chemoreceptors
normal direct effect on effector cells of changes to plasma reaching those cells
normal homeostatic response NOT involving baroreceptors or chemoreceptors

Explicação

Questão 89 de 112

1

A finding of increased blood flow in the fingers and lower arms of a patient playing the piano vigorously (Flight of the Bumblebee by Rimsky-Korsakov) MOST LIKELY reflects a(n):

Selecione uma das seguintes:

impaired/abnormal homeostatic feedback response
normal homeostatic response mediated by aortic/carotid baroreceptors
normal homeostatic response mediated by peripheral chemoreceptors
normal direct effect on effector cells of changes to plasma reaching those cells
normal homeostatic response NOT involving baroreceptors or chemoreceptors

Explicação

Questão 90 de 112

1

A finding of constant heart rate in a patient rising out of bed after reclining supine for two days MOST LIKELY reflects a(n):

Selecione uma das seguintes:

impaired/abnormal homeostatic feedback response
normal homeostatic response mediated by aortic/carotid baroreceptors
normal homeostatic response mediated by peripheral chemoreceptors
normal direct effect on effector cells of changes to plasma reaching those cells
normal homeostatic response NOT involving baroreceptors or chemoreceptors

Explicação

Questão 91 de 112

1

A finding of increased ventilation in a patient as s/he is doing a cardiac stress (exercise) test MOST LIKELY reflects a(n):

Selecione uma das seguintes:

impaired/abnormal homeostatic feedback response
normal homeostatic response mediated by aortic/carotid baroreceptors
normal homeostatic response mediated by peripheral chemoreceptors
normal direct effect on effector cells of changes to plasma reaching those cells
normal homeostatic response NOT involving baroreceptors or chemoreceptors

Explicação

Questão 92 de 112

1

A finding of decreased water excretion rate in a patient who has not had anything to drink in 16 hours MOST LIKELY reflects a(n):

Selecione uma das seguintes:

impaired/abnormal homeostatic feedback response
normal homeostatic response mediated by aortic/carotid baroreceptors
normal homeostatic response mediated by peripheral chemoreceptors
normal direct effect on effector cells of changes to plasma reaching those cells
normal homeostatic response NOT involving baroreceptors or chemoreceptors

Explicação

Questão 93 de 112

1

Bazza, Dazza, Gazza, Shazza and Wazza are all 35-year-old male patients at a local Emergency department. On the basis of history and physical examination:
• one has been tentatively diagnosed with a respiratory infection for 48 hours, likely to be Streptococcus pneumoniae;
• one with Conn’s syndrome (hyperaldosteronism) of several months duration;
• one with an incompetent mitral valve that has not shut properly during systole for several months;
• one with diabetic ketoacidosis; and
• one with an overdose of heroin over the last hour.
The results of their vital signs are summarized in the Table below:

Which of the patients is MOST LIKELY to have elevated hydrostatic pressure in his pulmonary capillaries?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Bazza
Dazza
Gazza
Shazza
Wazza

Explicação

Questão 94 de 112

1

Bazza, Dazza, Gazza, Shazza and Wazza are all 35-year-old male patients at a local Emergency department. On the basis of history and physical examination:
• one has been tentatively diagnosed with a respiratory infection for 48 hours, likely to be Streptococcus pneumoniae;
• one with Conn’s syndrome (hyperaldosteronism) of several months duration;
• one with an incompetent mitral valve that has not shut properly during systole for several months;
• one with diabetic ketoacidosis; and
• one with an overdose of heroin over the last hour.
The results of their vital signs are summarized in the Table below:

Which of the following pairs of the patients are MOST LIKELY to have hypokalaemia?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Dazza and Shazza
Dazza and Wazza
Shazza and Wazza
Gazza and Dazza
Gazza and Shazza

Explicação

Questão 95 de 112

1

Bazza, Dazza, Gazza, Shazza and Wazza are all 35-year-old male patients at a local Emergency department. On the basis of history and physical examination:
• one has been tentatively diagnosed with a respiratory infection for 48 hours, likely to be Streptococcus pneumoniae;
• one with Conn’s syndrome (hyperaldosteronism) of several months duration;
• one with an incompetent mitral valve that has not shut properly during systole for several months;
• one with diabetic ketoacidosis; and
• one with an overdose of heroin over the last hour.
The results of their vital signs are summarized in the Table below:

Which of the patients is MOST LIKELY to have a decreased plasma renin activity?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Bazza
Dazza
Gazza
Shazza
Wazza

Explicação

Questão 96 de 112

1

Bazza, Dazza, Gazza, Shazza and Wazza are all 35-year-old male patients at a local Emergency department. On the basis of history and physical examination:
• one has been tentatively diagnosed with a respiratory infection for 48 hours, likely to be Streptococcus pneumoniae;
• one with Conn’s syndrome (hyperaldosteronism) of several months duration;
• one with an incompetent mitral valve that has not shut properly during systole for several months;
• one with diabetic ketoacidosis; and
• one with an overdose of heroin over the last hour.
The results of their vital signs are summarized in the Table below:

Which of the patients is MOST LIKELY to have the lowest arterial carbon dioxide pressure?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Bazza
Dazza
Gazza
Shazza
Wazza

Explicação

Questão 97 de 112

1

Bazza, Dazza, Gazza, Shazza and Wazza are all 35-year-old male patients at a local Emergency department. On the basis of history and physical examination:
• one has been tentatively diagnosed with a respiratory infection for 48 hours, likely to be Streptococcus pneumoniae;
• one with Conn’s syndrome (hyperaldosteronism) of several months duration;
• one with an incompetent mitral valve that has not shut properly during systole for several months;
• one with diabetic ketoacidosis; and
• one with an overdose of heroin over the last hour.
The results of their vital signs are summarized in the Table below:

Which patient’s X-ray is MOST LIKELY to show opacity in one lung?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Bazza
Dazza
Gazza
Shazza
Wazza

Explicação

Questão 98 de 112

1

Note that the third question is of the type: all of the following…EXCEPT
Bate Ho-Van, an 18-year old musician, is suffering from anxiety prior to his first public performance. At his local clinic, Bate complains of palpitations and sweating during his anxiety attacks and, on examination by his doctor, he is found to have tachycardia. After taking a medication prescribed by his doctor, he feels much better and goes on to perform splendidly on stage.

The medication that Bate’s doctor would have prescribed for his anxiety would MOST LIKELY have been an antagonist of:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

α1 adrenergic receptors
α2 adrenergic receptors
β1 adrenergic receptors
β2 adrenergic receptors
β3 adrenergic receptors

Explicação

Questão 99 de 112

1

Note that the third question is of the type: all of the following…EXCEPT
Bate Ho-Van, an 18-year old musician, is suffering from anxiety prior to his first public performance. At his local clinic, Bate complains of palpitations and sweating during his anxiety attacks and, on examination by his doctor, he is found to have tachycardia. After taking a medication prescribed by his doctor, he feels much better and goes on to perform splendidly on stage.

Which of the following pairs correctly matches the autonomic nervous system involved and the neurotransmitter released by its postganglionic fibres to result in increased (generalised secretion type) sweating?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

sympathetic nervous system --- acetylcholine
sympathetic nervous system --- noradrenaline
parasympathetic nervous system --- adrenaline
parasympathetic nervous system --- acetylcholine
parasympathetic nervous system --- noradrenaline

Explicação

Questão 100 de 112

1

Note that the third question is of the type: all of the following…EXCEPT
Bate Ho-Van, an 18-year old musician, is suffering from anxiety prior to his first public performance. At his local clinic, Bate complains of palpitations and sweating during his anxiety attacks and, on examination by his doctor, he is found to have tachycardia. After taking a medication prescribed by his doctor, he feels much better and goes on to perform splendidly on stage.

In addition to tachycardia and sweating, all of the following physiological effects are LIKELY to occur in Bate during his anxiety attack EXCEPT:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

dilation of pupils
increase in metabolic rate
increase in blood pressure
contraction of the urinary bladder
vasoconstriction of blood vessels to the skin

Explicação

Questão 101 de 112

1

DHC not covered yet - Choose A

Selecione uma das seguintes:

A
B
C
D
E

Explicação

Questão 102 de 112

1

Exertional dyspnoea (shortness of breath on exertion) would be expected in all of the following patients EXCEPT which one of the following?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

aortic stenosis (narrowing of the aortic valve or aorta itself)
bacterial pneumonia
iron-deficiency anaemia
hypertension 167/110 mmHg
a patent foramen ovale (left to right intracardiac shut)

Explicação

Questão 103 de 112

1

DHC not covered yet - Choose A

Selecione uma das seguintes:

A
B
C
D
E

Explicação

Questão 104 de 112

1

DHC not covered yet - Choose A

Selecione uma das seguintes:

A
B
C
D
E

Explicação

Questão 105 de 112

1

All of the following is considered a management strategy for hypertension EXCEPT

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Weight reduction
Reduced salt intake
Increased dietary fibre
Increased physical activity
Reduction in alcohol intake

Explicação

Questão 106 de 112

1

All of the following factors contribute to the virulence of mycobacteria, EXCEPT:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

inhibition of granuloma formation
inhibition of lysosome acidification
interference with antigen presentation
inhibition of lysosome-phagosome fusion
resistance to toxic compounds within macrophages

Explicação

Questão 107 de 112

1

Which of the following chemical mediators is NOT released during tissue injury to stimulate nociceptors to produce pain?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

histamine
bradykinin
endorphin
serotonin
adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Explicação

Questão 108 de 112

1

All of the following are continuous variables EXCEPT:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

age
height
blood group
temperature
survival time

Explicação

Questão 109 de 112

1

All of the following statements regarding penicillin are correct, EXCEPT:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Penicillin acts by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis.
Penicillin hypersensitivity (allergy) can result in potentially fatal angioneurotic oedema.
Carbapenams (e.g. imipenem) may be used with caution in penicillin hypersensitivity.
Cephalosporins such as cefotaxime may be safely used in penicillin hypersensitivity.
Macrolides such as erythromycin may be safely used in penicillin hypersensitivity.

Explicação

Questão 110 de 112

1

All of the following statements regarding the role of chemical mediators released by mast cells are correct, EXCEPT:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Histamine induces vasodilatation.
Cytokines initiate the adaptive immune response.
Chemotactic factors attract neutrophils and eosinophils to the site of inflammation.
Leukotrienes induce B-cell proliferation.
Prostaglandins induce pain.

Explicação

Questão 111 de 112

1

All of the following are signs of poisoning with an organophosphate compound (long-acting acetylcholinesterase inhibitor), EXCEPT:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

miosis (constricted pupils)
tachycardia
profuse sweating
excessive salivation
increased lacrimation (tearing)

Explicação

Questão 112 de 112

1

All of the following statements regarding dysplasia are true, EXCEPT:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Mild to moderate dysplasia may be reversible.
Dysplasia is usually encountered in epithelia.
The proliferation of cells may breach the basement membrane in severe dysplasia.
Carcinoma-in-situ is a form of dysplasia.
Dysplasia may not necessarily progress to carcinoma.

	Criado por James Wilson aproximadamente 4 anos atrás

MCQ EOS June 2018 Formative DLEPP no information available

MCQ EOS June 2018 Formative

Questão 1 de 112

Drug X is said to be more potent than drug Y. Therefore, drug X produces a:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Explicação

Questão 2 de 112

A 38 year old mother presents to you at 11 weeks pregnant. Which of the following best fits the definition of a screening test for a Down syndrome fetus?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Explicação

Questão 3 de 112

A good screening test needs to have high:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Explicação

Questão 4 de 112

In conditions associated with aneuploidy, which of the following describes the genetic defect? It:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Explicação

Questão 5 de 112

DLEPP - Choose A

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Explicação

Questão 6 de 112

Which of the following is an example of secondary prevention?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Explicação

Questão 7 de 112

Which of the following is the reason individuals with AB-positive blood type are considered the universal recipients? It is because they:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Explicação

Questão 8 de 112

One of the advantages of high risk population approaches to blood pressure control in comparison to population wide interventions is that high risk population approaches:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Explicação

Questão 9 de 112

Hypertension is a risk factor for the following disease:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Explicação

Questão 10 de 112

Which of the following microbes is a common microbe in urinary tract infections?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Explicação

Questão 11 de 112

Which of the following microbes secretes a toxin, which stimulates the same intracellular transduction mechanism (second messenger) in its target cells as adrenaline does in its target cells via β-adrenergic receptors?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Explicação

Questão 12 de 112

Which of the following microbes reproduces by having its DNA replicated in infected cells?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Explicação

Questão 13 de 112

Which of the following microbes has resistance to antibiotics that is partly due to the presence of lipids anchored in its cell wall?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Explicação

Questão 14 de 112

DLEPP - Choose A

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Explicação

Questão 15 de 112

Which of the following lifestyle change would MOST benefit a patient in terms of modifying hyperlipidaemia?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Explicação

Questão 16 de 112

An antibiotic that has a narrow spectrum of activity indicates that the drug has which of the following properties?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Explicação

Questão 17 de 112

DHC not covered - Choose A

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Explicação

Questão 18 de 112

Which of the following is likely to produce the greatest increase in INTRACELLULAR fluid volume when administered to a subject whose water intake remains constant during the infusion?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Explicação

Questão 19 de 112

DHC not covered yet - Choose A

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Explicação

Questão 20 de 112

A patient presents with a suspected viral infection in the pharynx. Identification of which of the following is the main aim of taking a throat swab?