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Criado por milicevic.marija
mais de 9 anos atrás
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Four most common elements found in living organisms
Where are they found?
Where are inorganic substances found?
Give the roles in prokaryotes, plants and animals for sulphur, calcium, phosphorus, iron and sodium
Draw and label the diagram of the structure and bonding of water molecules
Discuss the polarity of water
Outline the thermal properties of water
Outline the solvent properties of water
Outline the cohesive properties of water
What is cohesion?
Why are thermal properties important to organisms?
Why are solvent properties important to organisms?
What do organic compounds include?
Draw glucose and ribose
List three examples each of monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides
State one function of glucose, lactose and glycogen in animals and of fructose, sucrose and cellulose in plants
Outline the role of condensation and hydrolysis in the relationship between monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides
Draw a A Condensation Reaction between Two Monosaccharides
What are lipids?
Draw the General Structure of fatty acids Saturated (no double bonds) Unsaturated (double bonds)
Outline the role of condensation and hydrolysis in the relationship between fatty acids, glycerol and triglycerides
Draw formation of a tricglyceride
State three functions of lipids
similarities in use of carbohydrates and lipids in energy storage
contrast in use of carbohydrates and lipids in energy storage
Draw amino acid
Outline the role of condensation and hydrolysis in the relationship between amino acids and polypeptides
Draw formation of a dipeptide
Outline DNA nucleotide structure in terms of a sugar (deoxyribose), base and phosphate
State the names of the four bases in DNA and their types
Outline how the DNA nucleotides are linked together by covalent bonds into a single strand
Explain how a DNA double helix is formed using complementary base pairing and hydrogen bonds
Draw diagram of complementary base pairing
Draw and label a simple diagram of the molecular structure of DNA
What does DNA helicase do?
What does DNA polymerase do?
Explain the significance of complementary base pairing in the conservation of the base sequence of DNA
What does it mean by: DNA replication is semi-conservative
Compare the structure of DNA and RNA
Outline DNA transcription
Three main types of RNA are predominantly made:
Describe the genetic code in terms of codons comprised of triplets of bases
The genetic code has the following features:
Explain the process of translation, leading to polypeptide formation
Explain the relationship between one gene and one polypeptide
There are two exceptions to the 'one gene - one polypeptide' rule:
Define enzyme and active site
Explain enzyme-substrate specificity
Describe lock and key model
Explain the effects of temperature
Explain the effects of pH
Explain the effects of substrate concentration
Define denaturation
Explain the use of lactase in the production of lactose-free milk
The generation of lactose-free milk can be used in a number of ways:
Define cell respiration
What happens in cell respiration?
plain that, during anaerobic cell respiration, pyruvate can be converted in the cytoplasm into lactate, or ethanol and carbon dioxide, with no further yield of ATP
The conversion of pyruvate occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell and the products are:
Explain that, during aerobic cell respiration, pyuvate can be broken down in the mitochondrion into carbon dioxide and water with a large yield of ATP
What is photosynthesis?
State that light from the Sun is composed of a range of wavelengths (colours)
The colours of the visible spectrum are (from longer to shorter wavelength):
State that chlorophyll is the main photosynthetic pigment
Outline the difference in absorption of red, green and blue light by chlorophyll
State that light energy is used to produce ATP, and to split water molecules (photolysis) to form oxygen and hydrogen
State that ATP and hydrogen (derived from the photolysis of water) are used to fix carbon molecules to make organic molecules
How can rate of photosynthesis be measured
Explain the first method of the previous flashcard
second method
Third method
Outline the effect of temperature
Effect of Light Intensity
Effect of CO2 conc