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BY320 Exam 2 multiple choice questions

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Microbiology Exam 2

Questão 1 de 67

1

ALL eaukaryotes contain

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • mitochondria

  • hydrogenosomes

  • a membrane-enclosed nucleus

  • all of the above

Explicação

Questão 2 de 67

1

The endoplasmic reticulum is

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • continuous with the Golgi apparatus

  • located around the nuclear membrane but is not in actual contact with it.

  • a network of membranes continuous with the nuclear membrane.

  • all of the above.

Explicação

Questão 3 de 67

1

The Golgi apparatus functions to

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • modify and secrete proteins to the external environment

  • sort proteins used within the cell

  • synthesize protiens

  • both modify and sort proteins into those destined for secretion and those that function in membrane structures

Explicação

Questão 4 de 67

1

The foraminifera

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • are a major component of the White Cliffs of Dover

  • have shells known as tests

  • inhabit coastal marine environments

  • are all of the above

Explicação

Questão 5 de 67

1

Which statement BEST describes the habitats of the fungi?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Most terrestrial fungi are animal parasites

  • Most fungi are aquatic, primarily marine aquatic

  • Most fungi are terrestrial and inhabit soil or dead plant matter

  • Most fungi are aquatic, primarily freshwater aquatic

Explicação

Questão 6 de 67

1

Diatoms are

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • more closely related to slime molds than to algae

  • a type of fungus

  • morphologically symmetric

  • all of the above

Explicação

Questão 7 de 67

1

Which algae are MOST closely related to plants?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • euglenoids

  • red algae

  • brown algae

  • green algae

Explicação

Questão 8 de 67

1

Where within a eukaryotic cell is ribosomal RNA (rRNA) synthesized?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • lysosome

  • cytoplasm

  • mitochondrion

  • nucleolus

Explicação

Questão 9 de 67

1

What phenomenon accounts for the appearance of chloroplasts in some unicellular phototrophic eukaryotes?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • endosymbiosis

  • sequencing of chloroplasts' SSU genes

  • secondary endosymbiosis

  • none of the above

Explicação

Questão 10 de 67

1

The membrane-enclosed compartments that contain digestive enzymes in eukaryotic cells are called

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • mitosomes

  • lysosomes

  • stromas

  • cristae

Explicação

Questão 11 de 67

1

Which microbial group is responsible for massive amphibian die-offs worldwide?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • chytrids

  • zygomycetes

  • ciliates

  • cercozoans

Explicação

Questão 12 de 67

1

Which of the following is NOT a member of the Eukarya?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • protists

  • red algae

  • fungi

  • viruses

Explicação

Questão 13 de 67

1

The amoebozoa use what structure for movement and feeding?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • cilia

  • threadlike pseudopodia

  • lobe-shaped pseudopodia

  • flagella

Explicação

Questão 14 de 67

1

Agents that kill bacteria are said to be

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • bacteriostatic

  • bacteriocidal

  • inhibitory

  • all of the above

Explicação

Questão 15 de 67

1

The complete elimination of all microorganisms include viruses is called

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • disinfection

  • decontamination

  • sterilization

  • any of the above

Explicação

Questão 16 de 67

1

The process by which macromolecules lose their structure and ability to function is called

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • thermal death

  • denaturation

  • sterilization

  • none of the above

Explicação

Questão 17 de 67

1

UV radiation is antimicrobial, because

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • radiation generates magnetic poles that denature the cellular components

  • radiation generates significant amounts of heat within the given cell

  • energy present causes modifications or breaks in the DNA molecules

  • all of the above are true

Explicação

Questão 18 de 67

1

Ergosterol inhibitors specifically target

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • viruses

  • fungi

  • bacteria

  • eukaryotes

Explicação

Questão 19 de 67

1

A ________ filter is most often used to filter sterilize liquids.

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • microbistat

  • nucleation track

  • depth

  • membrane

Explicação

Questão 20 de 67

1

The action of some bacteriolytic chemical agents can be observed by noting a(n)

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • decrease in turbidity of the medium

  • change in the color of the medium

  • increase in the turbidity of the medium

  • change in the surface tension of the medium

Explicação

Questão 21 de 67

1

In the agar diffusion method of studying antimicrobial action, the _______ is measured.

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • turbidity of the medium

  • diameter of the zone of inhibition

  • distance between the microbial colonies

  • diameter of the individual microbial colonies

Explicação

Questão 22 de 67

1

Polyoxins interfere with

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • chitin biosynthesis

  • fungal mitosis

  • cell membrane synthesis

  • all of the above

Explicação

Questão 23 de 67

1

Of all known antibiotics that have been identified in nature, _________ are clinically useful.

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • 8-10%

  • <1%

  • 25-30%

  • 18-20%

Explicação

Questão 24 de 67

1

Semisynthetic antibiotics

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • are natural antibiotics that have been purified by artificial means

  • have an artificially constructed core that stimulates the production of "natural products"

  • are natural antibiotics that have been chemically modified in the laboratory

  • are found in nature, but their rate of production is enhanced in the laboratory

Explicação

Questão 25 de 67

1

Important targets of antibiotics in Bacteria are

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • DNA replication and transcription elements

  • the cytoplasmic membrane

  • the cell wall

  • all of the above

Explicação

Questão 26 de 67

1

At present, the penicillins and the cephalosporins account for ___________ of all the antibiotics produced and used worldwide.

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • less than 10%

  • well over 70%

  • over 50%

  • about 25%

Explicação

Questão 27 de 67

1

The B-lactam antibiotics

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • inhibit cell wall synthesis

  • inhibit protein synthesis

  • inhibit plasma membrane synthesis

  • prevent chromosomal replication

Explicação

Questão 28 de 67

1

The absorption of _________ by chlorophylls begins the process of _________.

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • ATP / autotrophy

  • light energy / photosynthetic energy conservation

  • light quanta / autotrophy

  • ATP / photosynthetic energy conversion

Explicação

Questão 29 de 67

1

In photosynthesis NADH and NADPH are produced from NAD+ and NADP+ by

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • oxidation reactions

  • reduction reactions

  • both oxidation and reduction reactions

  • neither oxidation nor reduction reactions

Explicação

Questão 30 de 67

1

During oxygenic photosynthesis,

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • oxygen is produced

  • oxygen functions as a catalyst

  • oxygen is consumed

  • none of the above

Explicação

Questão 31 de 67

1

Which statement is TRUE?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • The cytochromes contain iron atoms; chlorophyll contains a magnesium atom at the center of the porphyrin ring

  • The cytochromes contain magnesium atoms; chlorophyll contains an iron atom at the center of the porphyrin ring

  • Both the cytochromes and chlorophyll contain an iron atom but not magnesium atom

  • Both the cytochromes and chlorophyll contain magnesium atom but not iron atom

Explicação

Questão 32 de 67

1

Carotenoids

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • are involved in the capture of light energy

  • function primarily as photoprotective agents

  • are hydrophobic pigments that are present in photosynthetic membranes

  • do all of the above

Explicação

Questão 33 de 67

1

The process by which electrons from the quinone pool are forced against the thermodynamic gradient to reduce NAD+ to NADH is called reverse

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • electron flow (reverse electron transport)

  • reduction

  • proton motive force

  • energy flow

Explicação

Questão 34 de 67

1

The Calvin cycle

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • requires both ribulose biphosphate carboxylase and phosphoribulokinase

  • is responsible for the fixation of CO2 into cell material

  • utilizes both NAD(P)H and ATP

  • does all of the above

Explicação

Questão 35 de 67

1

The Calvin cycle

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • requires both ribulose biphosphate carboxylase and phosphoribulokinase

  • is responsible for the fixation of CO2 into cell material

  • utilizes both NAD(P)H and ATP

  • does all of the above

Explicação

Questão 36 de 67

1

The Calvin cycle

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • requires both ribulose biphosphate carboxylase and phosphoribulokinase

  • is responsible for the fixation of CO2 into cell material

  • utilizes both NAD(P)H and ATP

  • does all of the above

Explicação

Questão 37 de 67

1

The rapid and simplistic method of assaying for nitrogenase activity uses

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • one of several techniques, all of which require oxygen to be absent in the assay

  • growth tests that add different nitrogen sources into media

  • the acetylene reduction assay that exploits the nonspecificity of nitrogenase

  • mass spectrometry to observe 15N assimilation

Explicação

Questão 38 de 67

1

In most caes, the final product of sulfur oxidation is

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • elemental sulfur

  • sulfate

  • hydrogen sulfide

  • thiosulfate

Explicação

Questão 39 de 67

1

Ferrous iron oxidation generally occurs in environments with

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • alkaline condition

  • little or no light present

  • high oxygen content

  • high H+ concentrations

Explicação

Questão 40 de 67

1

The reduction of N2(g) for use as a source of nitrogen for biosynthetic needs is called nitrogen

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • assimilation

  • reduction

  • oxidation

  • fixation

Explicação

Questão 41 de 67

1

The only organisms that perform photosynthesis are ones that produce some form of

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • carotenoids

  • phycocyanin

  • chlorophyll or bacteriochlorophyll

  • phycoerythrin

Explicação

Questão 42 de 67

1

What compound do most chemolithotrophs use as a source of carbon?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • carbon dioxide

  • organic sources other than glucose

  • inorganic compounds

  • glucuse

Explicação

Questão 43 de 67

1

Most protists are motile.

Selecione uma das opções:

  • VERDADEIRO
  • FALSO

Explicação

Questão 44 de 67

1

The biochemical reactions in the hydrogenosome are focuses on pyruvate oxidation.

Selecione uma das opções:

  • VERDADEIRO
  • FALSO

Explicação

Questão 45 de 67

1

Because H2 levels in oxic environments are transient, it is likely that aerobic hydrogen bacteria shift between chemoorganotrophy and chemolithotrophy depending on levels of organic compounds and hydrogen in their habitats.

Selecione uma das opções:

  • VERDADEIRO
  • FALSO

Explicação

Questão 46 de 67

1

The earliest diverging lineage of fungi are the

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • chytridiomycetes

  • ascomycetes

  • glomeromycetes

  • zygomycetes

Explicação

Questão 47 de 67

1

Peroxisomes

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • originate in the cell by incorporating proteins and lipids from cytoplasm

  • divide in synchrony with the cell

  • become membrane enclosed

  • do all of the above

Explicação

Questão 48 de 67

1

Which statement is TRUE? Fungal cell walls

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • resemble plant cell walls chemically but not structurally

  • resemble plant cell walls structurally but not chemically

  • resemble plant cell walls both chemically and structurally

  • do not resemble plant cell walls either chemically or structurally

Explicação

Questão 49 de 67

1

Neuraminidase inhibitors such as oseltamivir and zanamivir are used to treat which type of infection?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • fungal

  • bacterial

  • influenza virus

  • parasitic

Explicação

Questão 50 de 67

1

Antimicrobial drugs are often grouped according to

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • molecular structure

  • mechanism of action

  • spectrum of antimicrobial activity

  • all of the above

Explicação

Questão 51 de 67

1

The vegetative cells of Mycobacterium tuberculosis are resistant to many germicides because of

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • the waxy nature of the cell wall

  • an extra membranous layer between the cell wall and the plasma membrane

  • the complex nature of the plasma membrane itself

  • the lattice work found in the glycocalyx

Explicação

Questão 52 de 67

1

The thermal death time is the

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • dose of radiation necessary for a tenfold reduction in the numbers of selected microorganisms or biological factors

  • time it takes to kill all cells at a given temperature

  • time required for a tenfold reduction in the population density at a given temperature

  • measure of the radiation energy output from a source

Explicação

Questão 53 de 67

1

Cold sterilization is performed using

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • compounds such as ethylene oxide

  • high-pressure chambers

  • exceptionally low temperatures

  • dry ice

Explicação

Questão 54 de 67

1

The time required for a tenfold reduction of the variability of a microbial population at a given temperature is called the ______ time.

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • temperature-dependent logarithmic death

  • decimal reduction

  • mean sterilization

  • thermal death

Explicação

Questão 55 de 67

1

Whether an organism is classified as a photoheterotroph or a photoautotroph depends on its

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • oxygen requirements

  • carbon source

  • energy source

  • all of the above

Explicação

Questão 56 de 67

1

Photosynthesis is most correctly defined as the

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • absorption of light energy to produce carbohydrates

  • conversion of light energy to chemical energy

  • conversion of carbohydrates into energy-yielding organic products

  • production of carbohydrates by a plant or plantlike organism

Explicação

Questão 57 de 67

1

Oxygenic phototrophs use light to generate

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • NADPH

  • ATP

  • organic carbon

  • both ATP and NADPH

Explicação

Questão 58 de 67

1

Due to the sensitivity of dinitrogenase reductase, nitrogen fixation is inhibited by

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • oxygen

  • carbon dioxide

  • hydrogen

  • ammonia

Explicação

Questão 59 de 67

1

Difinitive proof of N2 fixation is obtained using

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • an isotope of nitrogen, 15N, as a tracer

  • spectrophotometry to measure the opacity of possible nitrogen-containing substances

  • electrophoresis to analyze the shifts in nitrogen content

  • gas chromatography to assay for nitrogen uptake

Explicação

Questão 60 de 67

1

Plastocyanin is a

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • membrane-bound sac found in certain bacteria

  • blue-green bacterium known for its unusual photoreactive complex

  • copper-containing protein in photosystem II that donates electrons to photosystem I

  • photosynthetic pigment found in some bacteria

Explicação

Questão 61 de 67

1

The path of electron flow in oxygenic phototrophs is referred to as the ______ scheme.

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Q

  • S

  • Z

  • E

Explicação

Questão 62 de 67

1

Decalcification of the tooth enamel due to production of high concentrations of organic acids in the mouth is known as

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • degenerative plaque

  • dental caries

  • microbial enamel decalcification

  • dental plaque

Explicação

Questão 63 de 67

1

Pathogenicity is

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • the ability of the hose to inflict damage on the pathogen

  • the ability of the pathogen to inflict damage on the host

  • the ability of the host to resist damage by the pathogen

  • all of the above

Explicação

Questão 64 de 67

1

Mucous membranes are frequently coated with a protective liquid called

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • mucus

  • epithelial fluid

  • membrane fluid

  • none of the above

Explicação

Questão 65 de 67

1

Two organisms that both benefit from each other are in symbiotic relationship called

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • parasitism

  • ammensalism

  • mutualism

  • commensalism

Explicação

Questão 66 de 67

1

A microbiome contains all

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • viable cells in a particular location

  • organisms present in and on the body

  • living organisms present on the skin

  • organisms within the digestive system

Explicação

Questão 67 de 67

1

Compared with decontamination, disinfection is

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • less aggressive

  • equally aggressive

  • more aggressive

  • either more or less aggressive depending on the situation in question

Explicação