4 theories of development varied over periods of history, known as the grand theories

CONTRUCTIVISM - Natural stages
Behaviourism referred to as learning theory is the emphasis of behaviour is on how we learn to behave in certain ways
Social Leaning AS IN EXPERIENCE this theory in contrast to BEHAVIOURISM
SOCIAL CONTSTRUCTIVISM is learning by social interaction and not by observation
Jean Piaget
The 4 successive stages of child progression
Piaget suggest that individuals developed mental representations of the environment based on their own actions and the consequences of these. PROCESS OF DEVELOPMENT
Schemas
Intrinsic Motivation
Accommodation
Assimilation
Equilibration
Object Permemance
Piaget’s observations baby immations
Summary Object Permanence
Summary of immation
Development as in DISCIPLINE - Generic term for behaviourism is conditioning- reward and punishment
2 forms of conditioning - Classical & operant
Classical
Operant conditioning
Behaviourist viewpoint John B. Watson (1878–1958) - by changing the environment can affect the behaviour - Little Albert - conditioning of fear
Frank Skinner - the causes and actions of its consequences
The skinner box experiment on rats - reinforcing & punishment
Positive reinforcement
Negative reinforcement
Punishment is to weaken a response. eg deducting Pocket money
ABA
Researches outtake for punishment to be affective
It must be immediate (contingent), severe and consistently applied
Challenges behaviourism, children learn from observation and imitation
Bandura Theory 4 related factors to immitate
Bandura's experiment
Children & Television violence
Vygotsky
Thought and Language reasoning
Teaching & Learning ZPD
The metaphor of Scaffolding
Applied to Deaf/Blind education

Attached Study Aids
Flash Card Deck - Early child development 2

	Criado por Nubian aproximadamente 11 anos atrás

	Copiado para Nota por Nubian aproximadamente 11 anos atrás

Psychology Notas sobre Development and early childhood - created from Mind Map, criado por Nubian em 06-10-2013.