Which term refers to the number of live births per 1000 of the population per year?
Birth Rate
Live births
Baby Number
There has been a long time ________________ in the number of births since 1900.
Decline
Increase
In 1900 England and Wales had a Birth rate of _____. In 2007 it had a birth rate of ____.
28.7 and 10.7
30.5 and 25.8
40.6 and 5.6
There were 2 baby booms after the 2 World Wars and and one in the 1960's.
What is meant by the Total Fertility Rate (TFR)?
The average number of children women will have during her fertile years.
The number of live births per 1000 of the population per year
The UK's total fertility rate has risen since 2001, from ______ in 2001 to _____ by 2006. However this is still much lower the peak of ____ in 1964.
1.63 1.84 and 2.95
1.5, 2 and 4
1, 3 and 4
These changes in fertility and birth rates reflect the fact that; More women are remaining childless than in the past and women are postponing having children for longer.
There were major changes in the position of women during the 20th century and these have affected the changes in birth rates and fertility rates. They include;
Legal equality with men, inc the right to vote
More women are in paid employment and there are now laws outlawing unequal pay and sex discrimination
Easier access to divorce
The infant mortality rate refers to the number of infants who die before their first birthday, per thousand babies born alive.
In 1900, what was the infant mortality rate?
154
145
134
Which of these is not a reason for the decline in Infant mortality rate?
Improved housing and better sanitation
Better nutrition
Better hygiene knowledge
Improved services for mothers and children, such as antenatal and postnatal clinics
The rise in divorce rates
What the infant mortality rate in 2007?
0
5
40
Which sociologist reject the view that falling infant mortality rates have led to a decrease in birth rates? They argue instead that the trend towards smaller families began not in rural areas where the IMR first began to fall but in, urban areas where IMR remained higher for longer.
Brass and Kabir (1978)
Tranter (1996)
McKeown (1972)
A reason for the decline in births is that children have become an economic liability.
What is the projection of birth rates for the time period up to 2041 ?
700,000 - 720,000
600,000-650,000
400,000- 460,000
The dependency ratio is the relationship between the size of the working/ productive part of the population and the size of the non-working or dependent part of the population. The earnings, savings and taxes of the working population must support the dependent population.
The overall number of deaths has ________________ since 1900.
Remained fairly stable
Become unstable and fluctuates.
Has decreased sharply
The death rate refers to the number of deaths per thousand of the population per year. It has __________ since 1900.
fallen
remained stable
increased
What was the death rate in 1900? And the death rate in 2007?
19 and 10
40 and 20
100 and 20
According to ____________, over 3/4 of the decline in death rate is due to the fall in the number of deaths from infectious diseases such as diphtheria, influenza etc. Since deaths from infectious diseases were most common in the young it is not a surprise that most of the decline in death rate occurred among infants,children and young adults.
Mckeown (1972)
Hirsch (2005)
According to _____________, improved nutrition accounted for up to half the reduction in death rates and was particularly important in reducing deaths from TB.
Others have criticised Mckeown's view that improved nutrition reduced death rate from infectious diseases. They argue that it does not explain.................
Why females lived longer than males.
Why deaths from some infectious diseases such as measles and infant diarrhoea rose at the time of improved nutrition.
Why divorce rates rose.
Which of these did not contribute to the fall of death rate?
Medical improvements
Public health measures
The decline of more dangerous manual occupations such as mining
Larger families reduced the rate of transmission of infection
Life expectancy refers to how long on average a person born in a given year can expect to live. Males born in England in 1900 could expect on average to live until they were 50 (57 for females). Males born in England in 2003-5 can expect to live for 76.9 years (81.2 for females)
Despite the overall reduction in the death rate and the increase in life expectancy over the last 100 years there are still important ___________________, _________________ and _____________ differences.
Gender, class and regional
Family, Social and Age
Medical, Public and Enviromental
From 1900 until the second world war which groups immigrated most to the UK?
Irish, Central European Jews and people of british descent from Canada and the USA
Caribbean, Jamaica, USA and Europe
By the 1950's, __________ immigrants began to arrive in the UK, followed during the 1960's and 70's by south asian immigrants from India, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka, and by East Africans from ______________ and _____________.
Black, Kenya and Uganda
American, Rwanda and Ethiopia
