What describes replacement by another cell type?
metaplasia
dysplasia
atrophy
hypertrophy
hyperplasia
The thyroid functions to increase which of the following? (SATA)
BMR
CO
sexual function
need for other hormones
Which patient is at greatest risk of hyperthyroidism?
37 year old female on a high sodium diet with a BMI of 20
22 year old female with a genetic predisposition and BMI of 18
55 year old female with goiter with BMI of 27
32 year old male with history of neck surgery with a BMI of 19
Which disease is autoimmune destruction of the thyroid tissue forming hormone secreting nodules?
Toxic multi-nodular goiter
Graves Disease
Hashimoto's Thyroiditis
Thyroid storm
Puffy eyes are a manifestations of which disorders? (SATA)
CKD
hypothyroidism
hyperthyroidism
DM
What is the abnormal tissue which leads to scar formation resulting in joint immobility in Rheumatoid Arthritis?
Osteophyte
Bouchard nodes
Herberden Nodes
Pannus formation
Excess circulation of thyroid hormone is result from which of the following? SATA
auto-immune destruction of the thyroid
hoshimotos thyroiditis
over secretion of TSH from the pituitary gland
viral infection
The alpha cells of the pancreas produces what
glucagon
somatostatin
insulin
pancreatic polypeptides
All of the following are manifestations of diabetes except
Polyuria
Polydipsia
Polynomial
Polyphagia
What are the hormones released by the gut upon food reaching the duodenum altering the blood glucose levels?
Glycogen
Amylin
Incretins
Insulin
Which of the following diabetes drugs acts by decreasing the amount of glucose produced by the liver?
Sulfonylureas
Meglitinides
Biguanides
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors
The female athlete triad may be a contributing factor in all of the following except?
osteoarthritis
osteoporosis
lethargy
infertility
C-reactive protein is (SATA)
at equal levels to the erythrocyte sedimentation rate
a definitive diagnostic
antibody strongly associated with RA
indicative of inflammation
The sutures of a wound rupture. This is an example of
Hemorrhage
Hernia
Evisceration
Dehiscence
Abnormally elevated venous pressure stems from the legs inability to adequately drain blood
from the heart toward the leg
from the kidneys through the veins
from the leg toward the heart
through the arteries
A patient presents to the ER with a burn blister when she touched a hot cast-iron pan while making cornbread. What type of exudate is likely to appear?
serosanguinous
serous
sanguienous
purosanguinous
A patient presents with a healing wound 4 weeks after injury. The nurse would expect the would do be in what phase of healing?
temporary tissue reconstruction is replaced with organized collagen
vasoconstriction of cut vessels, scaffolding for structural repair
release of neutrophils and monocytes, increased blood supply to wound
granulation tissue forms, angiogenesis, epithelialization
Which of the following initiates the coagulation cascade?
Vitamin K
Platelets
Tissue factor
thrombin
What disease is failure of the valves or vein blockage results in pooling of blood and stagnation in lower extremities? (SATA)
PAD (peripheral arterial disease)
PVD (peripheral venous disease)
PVD (peripheral vascular disease)
CVI (chronic venous insufficiency)
Extrinsic factors of poor wound healing in the feet diabetics includes trauma that has been rendered insensitive due to neuropathy.
