Phenocopy Effect

karyotyping

Null/Amorphic Alleles

hypomorphic allele

dominant hypomorphic alleles

Neomorphic allele

Karyotype

Light bands (karyotyping)

Dark Bands (karyotyping)

Heterogametic vs. Homoegametic

X-Linked recessive trait trends (2)

X-Linked Dominant trait trends (2)

Barr Body

Independent assortment

tightly linked

map units

Incomplete/Semi/Partial Dominance

Codominance

Variable expressivity

Allelic Heterogeneity

Incomplete Penetrance

Pleiotropy

Locus Heterogeneity

Gene Interaction

Epistasis

Sex-Influenced Traits

sex-limited traits

Genetic Anticipation

Repeated gene in encoding region

repeated gene in regulatory region

repeated gene in regulatory region

Epigenetic Effects

Epigenetic modifications (3)

Genomic Imprinting

uniparental disomy

Transposable Elements

Heteroplasmic cells

Aneuploidy

Polyploidy

Autoploids

Allopolyploids

purpose of doubling

result of doubling

Back-Crossing

Endomitosis

Trisomy on Chromosome 21

Patau Syndrome

Edward Syndrome

XO, XXY, XXX, XXY

chromosome identification characteristics (3)

chromosome painting

4 centromere locations

Intragenic deletion

Paracentric inversion

pericentric inversion

types of translocations (3)

chromosomes involved in Robertsonian translocation

characteristic of robertsonian translocation carrier

Explain tissue specific polyploidy

Factors affected expression of mt disorders (4)