Adrenal Glands

In the upper part of the kidneys we have the adrenal glands!

The produced hormones are called corticoids because they are produced in the ... .

There are two parts: ... and ... . The cells of the interior part look as modified ... .

They are ...-derived hormones, and the only limiting factor is the transport of it in the plasma. This molecule enters in the cell transported by the ... .

Some examples of corticoids

The precursor of all the adrenal hormones and sex steroids synthesized in the gonads is ... .

There is a type of modulation of transcription that is carried by the binding of a receptor with an hormone. It makes the receptor ... to bind ... , normally in form of dimers and producing a stimulation so they act as ... .

Different corticoids, different functions.
What about mineralocorticoids (specifically aldosterone)? Which are its functions?

It ... resorption of sodium and water, and renal ... of potassium.

Here we have also the glucocorticoids! With a wide range of functions because their receptors are in all cells.
Do you know their functions?

In the adrenal medulla ... and ... are formed, released into the ... and are discussed together involving ... system. They have similar or opposite physiological responses in the same tissue and depending on the ... .

The stimulation of different receptors by adrenaline lead to different conditions: beta (...; more in ...) and alfa (...; more in ...).

In the adrenal medulla, ... are produced due to the action of ... from the preganglionic sympathetic fibres.

Catecholamine receptors can affect different physiological conditions such as:

The physiological effects of the catecholamines are important but can be summarized in two: response to ... and effects on ... .

Do you remember examples of responses to stress?

Do you remember what happened with the metabolism in that situation?

The adrenergic system can be modulated by: stimulation ... , ... and progesterone, ... and ... hormones.