When performing a deep skin scraping it is important to?
Scrape a large area and squeeze hair follicles
Induce capillary hemorrhage and squeeze hair follicles
Use a very sharp blade but don't induce capillary hemorrhage
Scrape the area for 10 minutes then squeeze hair follicles
Which of the following is NOT DONE when doing a biopsy of the skin?
Clip hair around biopsy site
Scrub the lesion site with chlorhexidine
Handle the sample as little as possible
Put the sample in 10% formalin
Which of the following is the most important thing to know in order to diagnose a positive DTM culture?
How the material was collected for culture
The day the media changed color
The day the colony growth appeared
The day the colony growth appeared AND The day the media changed color
How the material was collected for culture AND The day the media changed color
Which of the following is LEAST LIKELY to suggest pyoderma?
Epidermal collarette
Pustule
Papule
Macule
A puppy has 12 pustules on ventral abdomen and 7 in the axillary area. It is beginning to scratch and chew. Which of the following would most definitely NOT BE INDICATED?
Chlorhexidine shampoo every 2-3 days
Oral clindamycin for 6-8 weeks
If severe, 2-4 weeks of cephalexin orally
Corticosteroids to stop chewing
Oral clindamycin for 6-8 weeks AND Corticosteroids to stop chewing are both contraindicated
What primary factor most likely started this lesion?
Ruptured hair follicles
Allergies
Behavioral Problems
Deep pyoderma
How would you manage this lesion?
Stop/reduce the licking with corticosteroids
Eliminate secondary deep pyoderma
Look for and treat any compulsive behavioral issues
Prevent dog from reaching lesion
All of the above
What type of pyoderma is this?
Deep
Superficial
Surface
Combination of deep and superficial
How would you manage this?
Use topical antibiotic
All except for eliminating the deep pyoderma
Which of the following could represent a deep pyoderma?
Host spot
Nasal furunculosis
Impetigo
Chin acne in dog
Both Nasal furunculosis and Chin acne in dogs
What are the 3 reactive skin patterns in the cat?
Bilaterally symmetrical alopecia
Miliary dermatitis=crusty papules Etiologies: FLEA, allergies, parasites, Dermatophytes
Eosinophilic complex
A dog with flea allergic dermatitis (FAD) will always have FAD?
Daily dexamethasone is the treatment of choice for dogs with flea allergic dermatitis
How is malassezia best diagnosed?
Intradermal testing
Culture
Cytology
Serum antibody level
Culture and sensitivity
Which of the following clinical signs is most suggestive of chronic Malassezia?
Acidic odor
Presence of intertrigo
Hyperpigmentation
Furunculosis
Bilaterally symmetrical alopecia in a cat can be associated with?
Psycogenic issues
Pruritis
Endocrine diseases
What does ringworm look like?
Hair loss in a circular fashion
Small papules and crusts
Split nails and crooked growth
Just about any abnormal skin/hair condition
Which of the following is typically used to treat ischemic dermatopathy?
Cyclosporine A
Melatonin
Pentoxifylline
Tacrolimus
None of the above
Some breeds of dogs have distinctive hair thinning over certain areas (i.e. ventrum or pinnae). What is this caused by?
Alopecia X
Hypothyroidism
Pattern Baldness related to genetic make up
Subclinical demodecosis
Excessive corticosteroids
Which of the following is LEAST LIKELY to be associated with a "moth eaten" appearance to the haircoat?
Superficial pyoderma
Sebaceous adenitis
Ringworm
Demodex
Rat tail has been associated with _____________________ while calcinosis cutis has been associated with ______________.
alopecia X; cushing's disease
Hypothyroidism; cushing's disease
cushing's disease; sebaceous adenitis
follicular dysplasia; alopecia X
Color dilution alopecia can be tentatively diagnosed by?
Looking for hair shafts that have stripes in them
Finding linear lines of melatonin in the bulb
Seeing pigment clumps near center of hair shaft on trichogram
Seeing no pigment to hair shaft
Finding alopecia in association with hyperpigmentation of skin
Which of the following is INCORRECT information to tell owner about a food trial?
dog can't sit under owner's dining table and eat dropped food
Dog can't have access to cat litter box
Chewable heartworm preventatives are replaced with non-flavored ones
During the first two weeks of the trial, the old food is mixed in with the hypoallergenic food and a 50% reduction in pruritus is expected
Which of the following is the most likely potential underlying cause of the superficial necrolytic dermatitis (SND)?
Chronic paronychia
Diabetes mellitus
Zinc deficiency
Alopecia associated with endocrine diseases is:
Typically pruritic
Typically not pruritic
Pruritic if a yeast infection is present
Pruritic if a pyoderma is present
Recurrent flank alopecia is a form of?
Post clipping alopecia
Follicular dysplasia
Melatonin, the hormone
Is not recommended for treatment of alopecia X
Increases in secretion during the winter months
Decreases hair length after clipping
Is an injectable drug that can last for 6 months
Causes atopy in a subset of dogs
What is this most likely to be?
Hot spot
Acral lick dermatitis
Superficial necrolytic dermatitis
Pemphigus complex
Zinc responsive dermatitis
Middle ear disease can be manifested by any of the following signs EXCEPT?
Horner's syndrome
Bulging tympanic membrane
Ruptured tympanic membrane
Nystagmus
Facial paralysis
3 year old dog presents with head shaking. Exam shows bilaterally reddened pinnae Otoscopic exam: bilateral brown soft discharge in both vertical canals; very erythematous vertical and horizontal canals Tympanic membrane present on right but not seen on left because of debris Choose correct response
Both ears should be cultured
A myringotomy is indicated
Cytology should be done
Only ear should be cultured
Myringotomy is done to
Treat otitis externa
Obtain sample from middle ear
To alleviate pressure in middle ear
In a dog with otitis externa, which of the following is NOT associated with a concurrent otitis media?
Increased density to tympanic bulla on radiographs
Prominent pars flaccida
Horner's Syndrome
In primary idiopathic seborrhea, often seen in cocker spaniels, the underlying cause is (aka seborrhea sicca/oleosa)?
Excessive epidermal turnover due to inherited trait
Production of autoantibodies against desmocollin-I
Acquired inability to use amino acids
Dysplastic hair follicles due to inherited trait
3 year old cat. Which of the following would be LEAST LIKELY?
Dermatophytosis
Chin acne
Pemphigoid complex
Which of the following is LEAST LIKELY to have caused the lesion?
Fibrosarcoma or neoplasia
Indolent ulcer
Fungal granuloma
Atopy
Non seasonal pruritus can be associated with
Fleas if you live in FL for example
Food allergy
Cutaneous adverse food reactions
3 year old, DSH has 2 month Hx of skin lesions that are described as small papules that crust over. Located on the dorsum, head and neck. Mild lymphadenopathy present. Which cutaneous reaction pattern does this describe?
Primary pruritus with secondary pyoderma
Miliary dermatitis
Psychogenic dermatitis
Self-induced folliculitis
What is the best way to tell the difference between exophthalmos vs. buphthalmos?
Visual inspection
Breed predilection
Ability to retropulse the exophthalmic eye
Ability to retropulse the buphthalmos eye
Buphthalmos can indicated which of the following and what are the Ddx's?
Increased extraocular pressure
Increased intraocular pressure
Intraocular neoplasia
Glaucoma
Genetic defect
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