How are atoms structured?
Electrons and neutrons are located in the nucleus, protons surround nucleus
Molecules and neutrons are located in the nucleus, electrons surround nucleus
Protons and neutrons are located in the nucleus, electrons surround nucleus
Protons and electrons are located in the nucleus, neutrons surround nucleus
How do we determine the mass and number of an atom?
Mass is equal to the number of neutrons in the nucleus, and the number is the sum of protons and electrons.
Mass is the sum of protons and neutrons, and the number is equal to the number of protons in the nucleus.
Mass is the sum of electrons and neutrons, and the number is equal to the number of protons in the nucleus.
Mass is equal to the number of protons in the nucleus, and the number is the sum of neutrons and electrons.
An ion is an atom or molecule with a net electrical charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons.
What is an isotope?
Two or more forms of the same element that contain equal numbers of protons but different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei
An element with more protons than neutron
A pair of valence electrons in an element
A group of elements that have the same amount of protons but different numbers of neutrons
What are the different states of matter?
Gas
Liquid
Vapor
Plasma
Condensation
Solid
Volatile
A solid can take on shapes of its container.
A liquid flows easily and is not easily compressible.
Gases have large spaces between particles and move freely.
What is Plasma?
Heated to temperatures of 5,000 degrees C
Least commonly found state of matter
Another word for a gas
Collisions knock atoms together that the electrons are knocked away from the atoms
Found in Stars, Sun, Lightning, Light Bulbs, and neon signs
Mixtures cannot be separated easily.
What are compounds?
Composed of atoms of two or more different elements that are chemically combined
Composed of multiple atoms of one element that are chemically combined
Composed of different elements that are physically combined
Composed of multiple atoms of one element that are physically combined
What are some special features in identifying a mineral?
inorganic
solution
solid with a specific chemical composition
a definite crystalline structure
synthetically produced
Field Tests to identify a mineral sample.
Color
Lust
Texture
Streak
Weight
Size
Hardness
Cleavage & Fracture
Ores
Gems
What should be on the y-axis of graphs?
Distance
Time
What should be on the x-axis?
What are the causes for a sedimentary rock to turn into a metamorphic rock?
Changed by heat, pressure, and/or chemical action
Weathering & Erosion
melting and Solidification
How do sedimentary Rocks form?
Weathering and Erosion
Compaction and Cementation
transportation and Deposition
Heat and Pressure
In what Type of rock can a fossil be found?
Sedimentary
Metamorphic
Igneous
Latitude lines show north & South and include the Equator.
Longitude lines show east & west and the Prime Meridian is 0 degrees.
How many time zones are there?
24
6
12
36
What is the equator?
0 degrees latitude
0 degrees longitude
180 degrees longitude
90 degrees latitude
Each Longitude line is 15 degrees, how much time is in between?
one hour
two hours
one day
12 hours
The South Pole is at 90 degrees north.
What type of river is the oldest?
Meandering
Braided
Anabranching
What is the time zone difference between Boston and Denver?
2 hours
4 hours
1 hour
They are in the same time zone
What is the energy released during an earthquake?
magnitude
intensity
seismic waves
aftershock
Where are you safest during an earthquake?
Under a sturdy table or in a door frame
Under a sturdy table or move quickly
In a door frame or move quickly
The quiet volcano is the shield volcano and it is round with sloping sides
Which type of volcano is the most explosive?
Composite
Shield
Cinder Cone
What causes volcanoes to explode?
Pressure of gases
Shifting of plates
Where is the Ring of Fire located?
Outside of the Pacific Ocean
Outside of the Atlantic Ocean
Outside of the Indian Ocean
Outside of the Arctic Ocean
Only In Asia
Only In America
Only In Europe
Only In Africa
In what time period is the early man formed?
Cenozoic
Paleozoic
Mesozoic
Precambrian
What phase of the moon comes after the New Moon
Waxing Crescent
Waning Crescent
Waxing Quarter
Waning Quarter
What is a wave's length?
From crest to crest
From trough to crest
From trough to trough
Which has the shortest wave length?
gamma ray
UV rays
Radio
Micro wave
Infrared
Visible
X-Ray
Which has the longest wave length?
Microwave
ultraviolet
X-ray
Gamma ray
Freshwater is denser than ocean water.
What type of clouds create thunderstorms?
cumulonimbus
stratus
cumulus
cirrus
stratocumulus
In what type of fault does the hanging wall slide down and the foot wall go up?
normal
reverse
strike-slip
What is the epicenter?
the above ground origin of the earhtquake
the under ground origin of the earhtquake
a break in Earth's crust
What is the focus of an earthquake?
the under ground origin of an earthquake
the above ground origin of an earthquake
Which type of seismic wave is the fastest?
Primary waves
Secondary Waves
Surface waves
What are the three types of seismic waves?
primary
secondary
surface
strikeslip
transform
divergent
convergent
What are the three types of rivers listed from oldest to youngest?
straight, braided, meandering
meandering, braided, straight
braided, straight, meandering
braided, meandering, straight
A contour line is a line on a map joining points of equal height above or below sea level
How do you know if a rock is fluorescent?
shining a UV light on it
putting it in the dark
it had bright colors
Scratching rocks together determines the hardness
There is 180 degrees between each pole and the equator.
In what hemisphere does the Coriolis effect turn clockwise?
Northern Hemisphere
Southern Hemisphere
Western Hemisphere
Eastern Hemisphere
In what hemisphere does the Coriolis effect turn counterclockwise?
What is a space rock called when it enters Earth's atmosphere?
meteor
asteroid
comet
meteorite
What type of thunderstorm is created by an extreme change in temperature over land vs water?
seabreeze thunderstorm
single cell
supercell
multicell
In which direction does weather often move in the United States?
North to south
South to north
East to west
West to east
What occurs when oceanic crust and continental crust collide and the oceanic crust goes under? Pick three.
earthquakes
volcano
subduction zone
mountains
island
Which zone is below the water table?
Zone of saturation
Zone of aeration
Which zone is above the water table?
What is caused by water expanding when it freezes?
ice wedging
cross-cutting
glaciers
A map legend/key explains what the symbols on the map represent.
What process breaks down rocks?
erosion
weathering
mass movement
What process moves the broken down material on Earth's surface?
What is the most permeable layer through which water flows easily?
aquifer
well
bedrock
humus
If the wind is blowing from the west, which side of the sand dune will be the steepest?
north
south
east
west
Which is an example of a mixture?
soup
salt
sugar
water
Which of the following is a compound?
table salt
sucrose
soil
air
iron
oxygen
What are the four agents of erosion?
wind
gravity
sun
sand
What causes erosion and weathering to break down rocks?
mechanical(physical) weathering
chemical weathering
Soil's A Horizon includes a concentration of organic matter and humus and is dark in color.
Soil's B Horizon is enriched with clay and minerals, is under A horizon, is less-developed and hardpan.
What are some characteristics of the C horizon?
under B horizon
above B horizon
above solid bedrock
below solid bedrock
contains weathered plant material
contains clay and minerals
How do sand dunes form?
from the wind blowing sand
sand being washed onto the beach by waves
Carrying capacity explains that the faster the flowing wate,r the more the load can take
What is the load of a stream?
all materials the water carries
the volume of the water
the velocity of the water in the stream
everything in a stream
What is a water table?
upper boundary of the zone of saturation
ground water flow in permeable layer
area surrounding a pumping cell and supplies groundwater to recharge the cell
What is the zone of contribution?
What does the Richter Scale measure?
vibrations
movement
What does the Mercalli Scale measure?
Where do most volcanos occur?
plate boundaries
on land
in the ocean
the middle of plates
Extrusive igneous rocks reach the surface through volcanos and cool quickly.
Intrusive igneous rocks are glassy and have small crystals like obsidian.
What is a hot spot?
unusually hot region's of Earth's mantle where high-temperature plumes of mantle material rise toward the surface
where two plates meet and collide and form a volcano
Where an active volcano is located
concentrated magma in the mantle
How were the Hawaiian Islands formed?
from a hot spot
plate boundary
convection currents
Which of the following are part of a wave?
fetch
trough
crest
wave length
wave height
breaking point
backwash
swash
What happens at the Mid-Ocean Ridge and Earth's crust?
seafloor spreading
subduction
volcanos
What is a subduction zone?
Where denser crust sinks back into the asthenosphere
Where denser crust sinks back into the lithosphere
Where lighter crust sinks back into the asthenosphere
Where lighter crust sinks back into the lithosphere
There is no difference between oceanic and continental crust.
What are the different types of plate boundaries?
fault
line
When plates collide, the denser plate sinks back into the asthenosphere, or if with continents, folded mountains form.
How is geologic time broken down?
era
eon
period
epoch
time
century
decade
Super positioning says that the oldest rock layer is on the bottom, and they get older going up.
What is a rock layer that is out of place and a disruption to the order?
unconformity
nonconformity
index fossil
key bed
disconformity
What is uniformitarianism?
The processes and natural laws that occur on Earth now, have always been at work on the Earth
The processes and natural laws that occur on Earth now, have not always been at work on the Earth
That every rock layer at the same depth is the same throughout the Earth
That every rock layer at the same depth is not the same throughout the Earth
Tides on Earth are caused by the gravitational pull of the moon and sun.
What is the amount of salt in minerals in ocean water?
salinity
saltiness
density
sodium levels
What is an ocean current?
the large movement of a wave in one direction
the rising and falling of sea level
What happens in a convection current?
warm air rises, and cold air sinks
warm air sinks, and cold air rises
How long is a solar year in days? (approximately)
365
248
60
What type of lava does a shield volcano eject?
rhyolitic
basaltic
What type of lava does a composite volcano eject?
What type of lava does a cinder volcano elect?
What theory is accepted for the origin of our universe?
The Big Bang theory
Steady State
Creation theory
Oscillating universe
Eternal inflation
A solstice is when the sun reaches the highest or lowest point in the sky at noon, winter and summer solstice are the shortest and longest days.
The day when daytime and night are of approximately equal duration is an equinox.
How can we tell how old a fossil is?
relative dating
radioactive dating
comparative dating
location dating
What elements are used for radioactive dating?
Uranium-238
Carbon-14
Oxygen-10
Hydrogen-2
Mendeleev is the father of geology
How important are certain organisms that lived on Earth but no longer live here to geologic time?
They can be found in fossils in rock layers and show how old the rock layer is.
They have no importance.
They are not shown in old rock layers because they no longer exist.
Why is tyrannosaurus rex an important fossil to find? Choose the most important
It is an index fossil to show how old the rock layer is
They help us learn about the time of dinosaurs
There is no importance
What is cross-cutting of rock formations that Hutton discovered?
When one type of rock cuts through other rocks, it had to form after the rocks that it cuts.
When one type of rock cuts through other rocks, it had to form before the rocks that it cuts.
Rock layering is important in understanding the passing of time in Earth and measuring it, because different layers contain different fossils and types of soil.
How does density affect the movement of warm and cold ocean water?
Warm water rises to the surface and then cold water sinks to the bottom, when heated up this deep water rises and the warm water cools and sinks.
Cold water rises to the surface and then warm water sinks to the bottom, when cooled this deep water rises and the cold water warms and sinks.
Warm and cool water have the same density and there is no movement between
Sparks of electricity from water droplets blowing apart generates lightning in a thunderstorm.
What type of wind moves from California towards New York?
prevailing westerlies
prevailing easterlies
How does a rain drop form?
water droplets collide and become too heavy for the cloud to hold
droplets of water group together
What process changes something from a liquid to a gas?
evaporation
condensation
Conduction
Convection
sublimation
What process changes something from a gas to a liquid?
conduction
convection
What process transfers energy through colliding materials?
What process transfers energy through the flow of a heated substance?
What process changes something from a solid to a gas?
A cold front includes clouds and rain.
A warm front causes thunderstorms.
What are the main stages of the Star Cycle?
nebula
protostar
star
red giant
white dwarf
gas giants
terrestrial
planetary nebula
Spring tide occurs during a full moon and it has the highest high tide and the lowest low tides.
