What triggers the activation of the adaptive immune system?
Pathogen exposure
Inflammation
Antibody production
Phagocytosis
There are two components of the adaptive immune system. What are they called?
Cellular immune system
Humoral immune system
Antigenic immune system
Cytotoxic immune system
Acquired immune system
What happens to the response of the immune system on each repeated exposure to a pathogen?
It becomes faster
It becomes more specific
It causes more inflammation
It becomes less efficient
It involves more components of the immune system
What cells are involved in humoral immunity?
B cells
T cells
Natural killer cells
Phagocytes
What cells are involved in cellular immunity?
Which part of the adaptive immune system produced antibodies?
Humoral
Cellular
Both
The adaptive immune system is able to remember pathogens in case they present again. True or false?
Which cells express CD4?
T helper cells
T killer cells
T regulatory cells
Plasma B cells
What is the function of T helper cells?
Activate macrophages
Help B cells to produce antibodies
Remember the pathogen in case of repeat infection
Produce antibodies
Activate natural killer cells
Why do we need T regulatory cells?
To control the immune response
To ensure the immune response is specific
To prevent the immune system from attacking healthy cells
To prevent the immune system from attacking normal flora
Which cells expressed CD8?
Which cells have the longest life-span?
Memory B cells
How are antibodies separated into classes?
By their heavy chain
By their light chain
By their constant region
By their variable region
By what sort of pathogen they are against
What is the function of membrane bound antibodies?
Recognise antigens
Activate B cells
Activate T cells
Opsonisation
Neutralization of pathogens
Which type of antibody activates complement?
Membrane bound antibodies
Secreted antibodies
Which cells require an antigen presenting cell to activate them?
Which of the following cells can act as antigen presenting cells?
Dendritic cells
Macrophages
Mast cells
Which cells express MHCI?
All nucleated cells
Antigen presenting cells
Which of the following cells recognised MHCII?
CD8 cells
CD4 cells
Where within the antigen presenting cell is the MHC produced?
Endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi body
Ribosome
Nucleus
Where is the MCHII complex combined with the antigenic peptides?
Endosome
Vesicle
The T cell is activated when it detects the MHC-antigen complex. True or false?
Which types of hypersensitivity reaction are mediated by antibodies?
I
II
III
IV
Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is mediated by IgE?
Which of the following are examples of hypersensitivity reactions that are mediated by IgE?
Asthma
Pollen allergy
SLE
Myasthenia Gravis
Grave's disease
Type I diabetes
Psoriasis
In a type I hypersensitivity reaction, what needs to happen to the antibodies on repeat exposure for there to be a hypersensitivity reaction?
Clonal expansion
Cross-linking
Breaking of the disulphide bonds
Dimer formation
Grave's disease is an example of a type II hypersensitivity reaction. What are type II hypersensitivity reactions mediated by?
IgE
Antibodies other than IgE
T cytotoxic cells
What is another example of a type II hypersensitivity reaction?
Coeliac disease
How do the antibodies in type II hypersensitivity reactions cause disease?
They block the receptor
They activate the receptor
They destroy the receptor
They act as inverse agonists
In which type of hypersensitivity reaction after immune complexes formed?
Why are immune complexes a problem?
Because they can get stuck in the body
Because they promote autoimmune destruction of cells
Because they promote other hypersensitivity reactions
Because they increase the viscosity of blood which can cause thrombosis
Because they cause lymphadenopathy
Antibodies in immune complexes can activate complement. True or false?
What are type IV hypersensitivity reactions mediated by?
Which of the following are examples of type IV hypersensitivity reactions?
Haemolytic disease of the new born
How do T helper cell cause hypersensitivity reactions?
Cytokine production that activates macrophages and T cytotoxic cells
Activation of natural killer cells
Activation of mast cells causing release of histamine
Formation of immune complexes which activate complement
