Applied Linguistic 2002

01. Language transfer is a strategy used in the process of

02. Inferencing is a strategy used in the process of

03. Inferencing is a strategy employed by L2 learners, which is based on

04. Communication strategies are devices for

05. Communication strategies are a part of

06. When learners consult a native speaker to establish the validity of a hypothesis they are said to test it out

07. Learners are said to “backslide” when they

08. A learner’s error, as opposed to a mistake results from

09. The incremental nature of L1 acquisition is confirmed by

10. The subsequent phrases of the speech planning programme in the model of language production proposed by Clarke and Clarke (1977) are (1) communicative goal, (2) discourse plan, (3) sentence plan and

11. The subsequent phrases of the speech articulatory programme in the model of language production proposed by Clark and Clark (1977) are (1) meaning selection, (2) syntactic outline, (3) content word selection, (4) affix and function word formation and specification of

12. A full linguistic representation of a real-life event is “He is hitting me”. In the process of semantic simplification a learner may produce an abridged version e.g. “hitting me.” What components does this utterance consist of?

13. A description of variation in SLA (eg in Ellis and Tarone) is based on

14. According to Tarone (1982), the least stable and consistent style of interlanguage (in which the use of e.g. the third person singular –s will be least frequent) is

15. The role of input is minimised in which view of SLA?

16. Which of the following morphemes is last acquired in L1 acquisition of English (Clark and Clark 1977)?

17. Which of the following morphemes is last acquired in ‘natural order’ for L2 acquisition (Krashen 1977)?

18. Formal instruction has an effect on accuracy in which type of L2 production?

19. Word order errors are the example of

20. The knowledge of which a learner is unaware and therefore cannot verbalise is referred to as

21. According to mentalist views of first language development the innate language faculty responsible for L1 acquisition is referred to as

22. The process by which learners utilise discourse to construct structures that lie outside their competence is described as

23. Learner utterances constructed by borrowing chunks from the preceding discourse and adding to learners’ own resources (e.g. NS: ‘come here’ – NNS: ‘No come here’) are referred to as

24. In the sentence ‘There are to _______ playing in the garden.’ the context requires the use of a particular morpheme (plural noun, e.g. boys), thus it is said to constitute

25. The use of ‘goed’ in place of ‘went’ is an example of

26. The core grammar of every language consists of rules that

27. Which sentence illustrates the core function of the progressive tense?
(1) "I am watching John now." (2) "I am seeing John tonight."

28. Expressions which are learnt as unanalysable chunks and employed on particular occasions (e.g. 'This is a____') are referred to as

29. According to the theory of markedness, which of the following is marked

30. The learner replaces one L2 form with another (e.g. daffodil -> flower). This is an example of an achievement strategy referred to as

31. Group dynamics belong to which group of learner factors?

32. According to Bailey (1983), L2 learning is usually impaired or abandoned in case of learners’

33. Which of the two sentences is true: Starting age affects (1) the rate (2) the route of SLA?

34. According to Brown (1980) the first stage of acculturation is

35. Researchers such as Oller and Perkins (1978) claim that the general factor of language proficiency is identical with the factor of

36. CALP and BICS (Cummins 1979) are the two kinds of

37. Which of the following is not a major component of FL aptitude according to Carroll and Sapon (1959)?

38. A field-independent learner

39. Which personality feature is not part of the Affective Filter Hypothesis?

40. A type of motivation that results from the learner’s interest in a particular learning activity is called

41. Do children (10-15) profit from formal instruction?

42. A model of SLA called the Levertov Machine is an example of

43. A model of SLA which allows for a flow of knowledge from ‘learning’ to ‘acquisition’ –

44. The Audio-lingual Method is the example of which approach in FL teaching?

45. Consciousness raising is the example of which approach?

46. Specific target language features are under-represented in learner production in L2. This is referred to as

47. The process by which speakers make their speech similar to their interlocutors’ speech is described as

48. According to the Critical Period Hypothesis L2 competence can only be achieved if learning

49. Foreigner talk describes language used by

50.Which of the following statements is true? The teachability hypotheses (e.g. Pienemann 1991) suggests that formal instruction affects
(1) the natural sequence of acquisition
(2) the speed with which the learner passes through it