Ros Agnieszka
Quiz por , criado more than 1 year ago

.

14
0
0
Ros Agnieszka
Criado por Ros Agnieszka aproximadamente 9 anos atrás
Fechar

Applied Linguistics 2014

Questão 1 de 50

1

01. A learner produces a response, often without observable stimuli, that is maintained by reinforcement. This statement refers to...

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • A. Chomsky's notion of LAD

  • B. MacWhinney's Competition Model

  • C. Piaget's concept of formal operations

  • D. Skinner's theory of operant conditioning

Explicação

Questão 2 de 50

1

02. Storing examples and drawing a rule that governs the specific instances is the principle of...

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • A deductive learning

  • B inductive learning

  • C explicit learning

  • D conscious learning

Explicação

Questão 3 de 50

1

03. Which theory is based on the assumption that all human beings create their own vision of reality so that different, contarsting ways of describing the world are equally legitimate

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • A Constructivism

  • B Idealism

  • C Cognitivism

  • D Mentalism

Explicação

Questão 4 de 50

1

04. Which theory of second language acquisition is based on the assumption that it is innately determined due to a genetic capacity available to all human beings?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • A Behaviourism

  • B Emergenitism

  • C Connectionism

  • D Nativism

Explicação

Questão 5 de 50

1

05. The stage which characterizes the course of intellectual development of a child of seven to elefen is described by Piaget (1972) as..

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • A sensorimotor

  • B preoperational

  • C concrete operational

  • D formal operational

Explicação

Questão 6 de 50

1

06. The distance between a child's actual cognitive capacity and the level of potential development is described by Vygotsky (1987) as the..

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • A space of perceptual activity

  • B preoperational processing area

  • C restructuring continuum

  • D zone of proximal development

Explicação

Questão 7 de 50

1

07. Selinker (1972) identified five major cognitive processes responsible for SLA, one of them is...

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • A approximation

  • B assimilation

  • C internalization

  • D overgeneralization

Explicação

Questão 8 de 50

1

08. The learner's ability to make repairs and sustain communication through paraphrase or repetition is labeled by Canale and Swain (1980) as...

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • A communicative competence

  • B sociolinguistic competence

  • C discourse competence

  • D strategic competence

Explicação

Questão 9 de 50

1

09. McLaughlin's (1987) Attention Processing Model refers to the two processing mechanisms:..

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • A analytic-holistic

  • B focal-peripheral

  • C controlled-automatic

  • D intentional-unintentional

Explicação

Questão 10 de 50

1

10. The Competition Model of SLA (MacWhinney 1989) focuses primarily on the study of...

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • A functions of sentence constituents

  • B the deep/surface structure of the sentence

  • C levels of markedness of linguistic features

  • D types of linguistic universals in L2 acquisition

Explicação

Questão 11 de 50

1

11. In her model of SLA Susan Gass (1997) distinguishes the two types of input:..

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • A modified-unmodified

  • B apperceived-comprehended

  • C impoverished-enriched

  • D stored-processed

Explicação

Questão 12 de 50

1

12. Stages of L2 acquisition through which a learner passes in acquiring specific grammatical structures such as interrogatives or relative clauses are referred to as...

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • A order of development

  • B sequence of development

  • C developmental patterns

  • D restructuring continuum

Explicação

Questão 13 de 50

1

13. Andersen (1980) claims that learners make the input confirm to their own view the L2 system. This process is described as...

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • A accommodation

  • B acculturation

  • C assimilation

  • D nativization

Explicação

Questão 14 de 50

1

14. according to Slobin (1985) the processes involved in storing items noticed and processed into long-term memory are referred to as the processes of..

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • A integration

  • B orientation

  • C restructuring

  • D selection

Explicação

Questão 15 de 50

1

15. Tomiin and Villa (1994) distinguishes the three types of attentional processes, they are...

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • A Alertness-Orientation-Detection

  • B Consciousness-Intention-Control

  • C Awareness-Attention-Perception

  • D Monitoring-Integration-Restructuring

Explicação

Questão 16 de 50

1

16. The process of identifying how the input the learner is exposed to differs from the output he or she produces, is the main focus of study in

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • A Krashen's Monitor Model

  • B Robinson's Multiple Resource Model

  • C Schmidt's Noticing Hypothesis

  • D Van Pattern's Input Processing Theory

Explicação

Questão 17 de 50

1

17. Interactionally modified input assists learners to notice linguistic forms in the input. The noticed form lie within the learner's 'processing capacity'. Those claims refer to..

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • A Krashen's (1981) input Hypothesis

  • B Swain's (1985) Output Hypothesis

  • C Long's (1983) Interaction Hypothesis

  • D Penemann's (1998) Processability Theory

Explicação

Questão 18 de 50

1

18. Operating Principles, such as e.g. relevance, have been formulated to explain why certain linguistic forms appear in learner's production before others. They are the key concept of..

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • A the Acculturation Model

  • B the Discourse Model

  • C the Accommodation Model

  • D the Nativization Model

Explicação

Questão 19 de 50

1

19. The Parallel Distributed Processing Model (Rumelhart and McClelland1986) differs from the majority of other models of language acquisition because it rejects the concept of...

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • A input and output

  • B declarative and procedural knowledge

  • C short and long-term memory

  • D information storage and processing

Explicação

Questão 20 de 50

1

20. The length of children's utterances gradually increases and their knowledge of grammatical structures is built up in steps. This is the evidence of...

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • A language as a human-specific faculty

  • B the incremental nature of L1 acquisition

  • C the uniqueness of their utterances

  • D development of new language habits

Explicação

Questão 21 de 50

1

21. Variability is a feature of performance and not of the learner's underlying system, e.g. competence. This view refers to which of the following approaches to SLA?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • A linguistic

  • B psycholinguistic

  • C sociolinguistic

  • D neurolinguistic

Explicação

Questão 22 de 50

1

22. The main sources of data in the UG-based studies of SLA is derivied from...

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • A the learner's language use

  • B metalinguistic judgements

  • C discourse analysis

  • D text analysis

Explicação

Questão 23 de 50

1

23. UG-based studies of Principles and Parameters( e.g. Chomsky 1981) focus mainly on...

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • A the availability of UG in L2 acquisition

  • B the role of typological universals

  • C the order of acquisition of L2 forms

  • D the role of the linguistic context in SLA

Explicação

Questão 24 de 50

1

24. According to the Government and Binding Model of SLA languages vary according to whether they forbid the deletion of subjevt pronouns. This parameter is called...

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • A NP-deletion

  • B redundancy

  • C pro-drop

  • D subjacency

Explicação

Questão 25 de 50

1

25. Languages with null subjects like Polish (e.g. Lubię to) differ from English in terms of word order and expletives (e.g. dummy 'it' and 'there' in Eng). This means that they have

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • A free word order and expletives

  • B fixed word order and expletives

  • C free word order but not expletives

  • D fixed word order but not expletives

Explicação

Questão 26 de 50

1

26. This model of SLA (Swartz and Sprouse 1996) assumes that the initial stage is the product of L1 transfer, however learners are able to restructure their initial grammar by selecting an alternative setting that is compatible with the L2 input from those available in UG. It is referred to as the...

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • A Minimal Trees Model

  • B Weak Transfer Model

  • C Full Transfer/Limited Access Model

  • D Full Transfer/ Full Access Model

Explicação

Questão 27 de 50

1

27. R. Hawkins (1989) examined the acquisition of L2 French relativizers 'qui', 'que' and 'dont'. He claims on the basis of the NP Accessibility Hierarchy that the first structure to be acquired is..

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • A L'homme que Pierre connait...(The man who Peter knows..)

  • B L'homme que connait Pierre..(The man that Peter knows..)

  • C L'homme qui Pierre connait...( The man who knows Peter...)

  • D L'homme dont j'ai oubile le nom...(The man whose name I've forgotten)

Explicação

Questão 28 de 50

1

28. According to Crookes (1989) the main factor influencing the learner's speech production is...

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • A short term memory

  • B varying attention to speech

  • C the speaker's attitude to the addressee

  • D pre-and post-articulation monitoring

Explicação

Questão 29 de 50

1

29. Rote-learning and inductive language-learning ability are two components of the learner's...

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • A cognitive style

  • B foreign language aptitude

  • C language processing ability

  • D verbal intelligence

Explicação

Questão 30 de 50

1

30. Words which are stressed on the second syllable, such as police or machine, are referred to as..

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • A accentuated features

  • B phonemic contrasts

  • C marked forms

  • D peripheral universals

Explicação

Questão 31 de 50

1

31. Learners' utterances constructed by borrowing chunks from the preceding discourse and with the use of the learner's own resources ( A:'Come here!" - B: "No come here") are called...

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • A transitional constructions

  • B idiosyncratic patterns

  • C vertical structures

  • D formulaic scripts

Explicação

Questão 32 de 50

1

32. Cummins (1979) introduced the two concepts of cognitive academic language proficiency and basic interpersonal communication skills. They both refer to the two ascpects of...

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • A learning style

  • B cognitive style

  • C language ability

  • D language processing

Explicação

Questão 33 de 50

1

33. The process of using non-target forms that belong to an earlier stage of development on some occasion, even though the learner uses the correct forms on other occasions, is called...

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • A backsliding

  • B interference

  • C fluctuation

  • D scaffolding

Explicação

Questão 34 de 50

1

34. Which of the statements about the silent period in language acquisition is true?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • A It is obligatory in L1 and optional in L2

  • B It is optional in L1 and obligatory in L2

  • C It is obligatory both in L1 and L2

  • D It is optional in both L1 and L2

Explicação

Questão 35 de 50

1

35. The neurological evidence is that as the human brain matures certain functions are assigned to the left or right hemisphere of the brain. This process is called...

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • A adaptation

  • B fossilization

  • C attrition

  • D lateralization

Explicação

Questão 36 de 50

1

36. Information provided to a learner concerning the incorrectness of a form used is called...

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • A clarification request

  • B comprehensible input

  • C negative evidence

  • D output prompting

Explicação

Questão 37 de 50

1

37. Which of the following statements concerning the role of speech planning time is NOT true?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • A Planning leads to greater accuracy

  • B planning leads to greater lexical richness

  • C planning aids syntactic complexity

  • D planning aids fluency

Explicação

Questão 38 de 50

1

38. Which of the following criteria would NOT be considered as a measure of speech complexity

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • A amount of subordination

  • B mean number of verb arguments

  • C type-token-ratio

  • D mean number of reformulations

Explicação

Questão 39 de 50

1

39. One of the measures of temporal variables related to the phenomenon of speech planning is the number of syllables spoken per second, excluding pause time (Wiese 1984). It is called the...

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • A articulation rate

  • B complexity index

  • C fluency measurement

  • D speech rate

Explicação

Questão 40 de 50

1

40. Categorical rules such as [X->Y/__A], where X is realized as Y in context A, were used by Labov (1972) to describe speech behaviour of native speakers of English known as...

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • A casual speech

  • B speech planning

  • C formal speech

  • D style shifting

Explicação

Questão 41 de 50

1

41. According to the Speech Accomodation Theory ( Giles 1971), speakers adjust their normal speech to make it more similar to theur interlocutor's speech. This is referred to as speech..

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • A convergence

  • B divergence

  • C nativization

  • D pidginization

Explicação

Questão 42 de 50

1

42. Tarone ( 1983) claims that learners use a range of styles in their L2 production. Which of the following styles is characterized by the highest percentage of the correct L2 forms?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • A careful

  • B vernacular

  • C colloquial

  • D none of the above

Explicação

Questão 43 de 50

1

43. According to O'Malley et al. (1985), using available information to guess meanings of new items, predict outcomes, or fill in missing information is a cognitive learning strategy of...

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • A deduction

  • B elaboration

  • C recombination

  • D inferencing

Explicação

Questão 44 de 50

1

44. Utterances that rephrase the learner's incorrect utterance while still referring to its central meaning (NNS: 'En las mesa hay una taza rojo.' NS:'Um, una taza roja.') are described as...

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • A recasts

  • B reformulations

  • C repairs

  • D uptakes

Explicação

Questão 45 de 50

1

45. Which of the statements about learning strategies is untrue? Strategies are...

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • A generally problem-oriented

  • B used mainly by less successful learners

  • C both observable and unobservable

  • D performed in L1 and L2

Explicação

Questão 46 de 50

1

46. Structures such as *The boy slided across the ice are the example of...

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • A covert errors

  • B L1 transfer errors

  • C overt errors

  • D mistakes

Explicação

Questão 47 de 50

1

47. Structures sych as *The dog ated the chicken are example of errors of...

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • A additions

  • B omissions

  • C misinformations

  • D misordering

Explicação

Questão 48 de 50

1

48. Learners try to perform the right speech act but use the wrong linguistic form. This is a..

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • A semiotic error

  • B pragmalinguistic error

  • C morphosyntactic error

  • D sociopragmatic error

Explicação

Questão 49 de 50

1

49. Which of the following factors does not influence ungrammatical foreigner talk modifications?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • A the learner's level of proficiency in L2

  • B the learner's gender (m/f)

  • C The learner's assumed social status

  • D the type of conversation (e.g. formal/informal)

Explicação

Questão 50 de 50

1

50. Formal instruction can only promote SLA if the learner's language is close to the point when the structure to be taught is acquired in the natural setting. This statement refers to...

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • A form-focused instruction

  • B the Teachability Hypothesis

  • C the Variability Hypothesis

  • D the Zero Option in FL teaching

Explicação