Which organ is secondarily retroperitoneal?
liver
transverse colon
kidney
descending colon
spleen
Jejunum:
it is the first part of small intestine
it is supplied by celiac trunk
it is shorter than ileum
has the most Peyer's patches
it begins with pylorus
Spleen:
it is supplied by the superior mesenteric artery
it is both endo and exocrine organ
develops as a part of the vascular system
it is retroperitoneal
lies posterior to the liver
What is false about the left colic artery:
It is a first branch of the inferior mesenteric artery
it has ascending branch which anastomoses with branches of the transverse colon
its ascending branch supplies the distal part of transverse colon
Its descending branch anastomoses with the first sigmoid artery
It is first branch of the superior mesenteric artery
All of the below vein are tributaries of the superior mesenteric vein except:
left colic vein
ileocolic
Jejunal
ileal
right colic vein
Pelvic splanchnic nerves:
Innervate descending colon
Innervate distal one-third of transverse colon
Origin in the lumbar spinal cord
Carry only sympathetic fibers
Innervate cecum
Which part of the stomach is covered by peritoneum:
only cardiac part
only fundus and body
only body and pylorus
only pyloric part
cardiac, fundus, body and pyloric part
Which part of the liver is covered by the peritoneum:
bare area
fissure of the venous ligament
fissure of the teres ligament
Cystic fossa
Quadrate lobe
The superficial inguinal ring is not limited by:
medial crus
lateral crus
intercrural fibers
umbilical ligament
reflected ligament
The omental bursa:
it is called the greater sac
it is a smaller subdivision of the peritoneal cavity posterior to the stomach and Liver
it is a recess between pancreas and spleen
it does not possess recess
it is a part of the peritoneum between liver and kidney
In the lateral umbilical fold you can find:
inferior epigastric artery
Ureter
venous ligament
umbilical artery
superficial epigastric artery
Hepatoduodenal ligament contains:
only portal vein and portal artery
proper hepatic artery
common bile duct
cystic duct
pancreatic duct
Which of the arteries do not supply stomach:
short gastric arteries
left gastric artery
posteroanterior gastric artery
right gastro-omental artery
right gastric artery
Which of the following structures is in the large intestine:
plicae circulares
Peyer's patches
sacculated wall
villi
papilla of Santorini
What is false about the innervation of the peritoneum:
it has autonomic and systemic innervation
parietal peritoneum is sensitive to temperature
visceral peritoneum is sensitive to well localized pain
parietal peritoneum is supplied by the branches of the lumbar plexus
the parietal peritoneum receives sensitive branches from lower intercostal nerves
The epiploic foramen:
Is situated between esophagus and stomach
lead to the lesser omentum and to the greater omentum
Is anteriorly limited by portal vein, proper hepatic artery and bile duct
It is limited by the processus uncinatus
Is situated between stomach and transverse colon
On the liver:
Caudate lobe is limited by the ligamentum teres
Caudate process lies on the quadrant lobe
Kidneys impression lies on the left lobe
falciform ligament lies on the visceral surface
falciform ligament lies on the diaphragmatic surface
Splenic artery:
Is the largest direct unpaired branch of the abdominal aorta
It gives right gastro-omental artery running along the greater curvature
Gives short gastric arteries to the pyloric part of the stomach
Supplies the neck, body, and tail of the pancreas
it gives long gastric arteries to pyloric part
Duodenum:
The last part is intraperitoneal
It is primary retroperitoneal
its first part is connected to the liver by a part of the lesser omentum
It has two papillae in the transverse part
Last part is called ampulla
The external oblique abdominis muscle:
is innervated by the cervical spinal nerves
flex and rotates to the opposite side
Creates posterior wall of the inguinal canal
Is innervated by the dorsal rami of spinal nerves
Inner layer of its fascia is called fascia transversalis
All of the above are false
Rectus sheath:
Consists of only the rectus abdominis aponeurosis
Consists of only pyramidalis aponeurosis
Encloses completely anterior and posterior surface of the rectus abdominis muscle
Encloses completely anterior surface and 3/4 posterior surface of the rectus abdominis muscle
Encloses completely posterior surface and 3/4 anterior surface of the rectus abdominis muscle
Extraperitoneal fascia:
It is called mesentery
It is called greater omentum
deep to it, is the transversalis fascia
deep to it, is the peritoneum
it is additive part of peritoneum called lesser omentum
The wall of the abdomen is innervated by:
branches of vagus nerve
nerves from lumbar plexus originate from L2-L5
Branches of the spinal nerves from T7-L1
sympathetic trunk
Branches of the sacral plexus
Which artery doesn’t supply abdominal wall:
Musculophrenic
Inferior epigastric
superior epigastric
superficial thoracic
subcostal
Which from the below nerves isn’t a branch of the lumbar plexus:
Genitofemoral nerve
Femoral nerve
Obturator nerve
ilioinguinal nerve
superior gluteal nerve
The paired visceral branches of the aorta are:
renal arteries
Inferior mesenteric artery
Superior mesenteric artery
Celiac trunk
Inferior phrenic arteries
During a scheduled laparoscopic cholecystectomy in a 47-year-old female patient, the resident accidentally clamped the hepatoduodenal ligament instead of the cystic artery. Which of the following vessels would most likely be occluded in this iatrogenic injury?
Splenic artery
Common hepatic artery
Inferior vena cava
A 55-year-old man was admitted to the hospital with severe abdominal pain. Gastroscopy and CT scan examinations revealed a perforating ulcer in the posterior wall of the stomach. Where would peritonitis most likely develop initially?
Right subhepatic space
hepatorenal space (of Morison)
omental bursa (lesser sac)
Right subphrenic space
Greater sac
A 58-year-old male alcoholic is admitted to the hospital after vomiting dark red blood (hematemesis). Endoscopy reveals ruptured esophageal varices, most likely resulting from portal hypertension. Which of the following venous tributaries to the portal system anastomoses caval veins to cause the varicest
Splenic
Left gastro-omental
left gastric
left hepatic
right gastric
A 15-year-old boy underwent an appendectomy. Two weeks postoperatively the patient complains of numbness of the skin over the pubic region and anterior portion of his genitals. Which of the following nerves was most likely injured during the operation?
Pudendal
genitofemoral
Spinal nerve TIO
Subcostal
ilioinguinal
What is false about the uterus?
The anteflextion is the angle between the body and the cervix of the uterus
The uterine tube connects horn
The uterus has head, neck and body
The fimbriae of the uterine tube are directed to the posterior wall of the uterus
All of the above are true
Parametrium it is:
Muscle of the uterus
Mucous membrane of the uterus
Peritonium which covers vagina
Peritonium which covers parametrium
Rugae folds are:
On the posterior wall of the uterus
On the anterior and posterior walls of the uterus
In the cervix of the uterus
In the vagina
Normally the uterus is:
Only anteverted
Only anteflexed
Retroverted
a and b
a and c
The first part of the uterine tube is:
Infundibulum
Ampala
Isthmus
Intramural part
What is false about the ovary?
Ovaries are suspended by mesovarium which is a anterior extension of the broad ligament
Medulla contains network of vessels
Ovaries are covered by tunica albugneal
Ovarian artery goes along suspensory ligament
What is false about the gallbladder?
Is supplied by the branch of the right hepatic artery
Is drained indirectly by the portal vein
Has fundus, body and tail
Lies on the visceral surface of the liver
In the median umbilical fold you can find:
Teres ligament
Venous ligament
Umbilical artery
Urechus
Which arteries do not supply the stomach?
Short gastric arteries
Left gastric arteries
Anterior gastric arteries
Right gastro-omental artery
All of the above supply the stomach
Appendix:
It is supplied by the branches of the inferior mesenteric artery
Is suspended from the terminal part of the jejunum by the mesoappendix
Is has no aggregation of the lymphoid tissue
Its point of attachment to the cecum is consistent with the highly visible free taenia leading to the base of the appendix
In the structure of the pancreas one can find:
The neck of the pancreas behind which the superior mesenteric and splenic veins join to form the portal vein
The head supplied by branches of the splenic artery
The islets are involved in production of the enzymes
The accessory pancreatic duct communicating with the major duodenal papilla
Jejunum (more answers):
It is the first part of the small intestine
It is supplied by arteries which form usually three levels of arcades
It has short vasa recta
Has a lot of Payer's patches
It is longer than the ileum
Is the third part of the intestine
is mostly in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen
What is false about the left colic artery? (new answers)
It is a branch of the superior mesenteric artery
It has ascending branch which anastomoses with branches of the middle colic artery
Its ascending branch supplies the distal part of transverse colon
Its descending part anastomoses with the first Sigmoid artery
In the right flank you can find:
Stomach
Liver
Spleen
Appendix
Ascending colon
Which surface of the stomach is not covered by peritoneum?
Cardiac part
Fundus
Body
Pyloric part
All of the above are covered
Which surface of the liver is covered by peritoneum?
Bare area
Fissure of the venous ligament
Fissure of the teres ligament
None of the above
The ileum:
It doesn't receive any vasa recta
It is more pale than jejunum
The are no circular folds
It has not a mesentery
The walls of the inguinal canal - indicate wrong answer
Posterior - the transversalis fascia
Superior - the internal oblique abdominis muscle (aponeurosis)
Anterior - the external oblique abdominis muscle (aponeurosis)
Inferior - the reflected ligament
On the liver (new answers):
Caudate process lies on the quadrat love
Colic impression lies on the left lobe
Triangular ligament lies on the parietal (phrenic) surface
The epiploic foramen (new answers):
Is situated below the first part of the duodenum
Leads to the lesser omentum and to the greater omentum
Is anteriorly limited by the portal vein, proper hepatic artery and the bile duct in hepatoduodenal ligemant
Is limited by uncinate process
Which arteries do not supply the stomach (new answers):
Inferior hepato-pancreatic artery
In the structure of the pancreas one can find (new answers):
Accessory pancreatic duct which drains the head
Main pancreatic duct which drains only tail
The islets which produce adrenalin
The accessory pancreatic duct which ends in major papilla
Which of the following statements concerning the omental bursa is FALSE?
It is called the lesser sac
Vestibule lies anteriorly to and to the right of the "proper" omental burse
Anteriorly it is limited by the posterior surface of the stomach
Possesses three recesses
Which of the following statements concerning the innervation of the peritoneum is FALSE?
The peritoneum has autonomic and systemic invention
Parietal peritoneum is sensitive to temperature
Visceral peritoneum is sensitive to stretching
Parietal peritoneum is supplied by the branches of the lumbar plexus (partially)
Leads to the lesser sac
Is limited by the processus uncinatus
What is FALSE about the stomach?
The gastroesophogeal sphincter is not formed by circular fibres
It is supplied by the left gastric artery
The zig-zag line seperates the pylorus from the duodenum
Its fundus lies in the upper part
The neck of the pancreas between its head and body
The islets involved in production of the enzymes
It is primarily retroperitoneal
It usually has two papillas
It consists of five parts
Splenic artery (new answers):
Is it largest unpaired branch of the abdominal aorta
Travels in the splenorenal ligament
Supplies only the tail of the pancreas
The greater omentum:
It is partly formed by the hepatoesophageal ligemant
It forms posterior wall of the omental bursa
It is attached to the greater curvature of the stomach
It contains the common hepatic artery
Which of these organs below is primarily retroperitoneal?
Pancreas
Duodenum
Kidney
Which is FALSE about the lymphatic drainage of the abdominal part of the gastrointestinal tract?
It can end in the celiac pre-aortic lymph nodes
It can end in the superior mesenteric pre-aortic lymph nodes
It can end in the inter-mesenteric pre-aortic lymph nodes
It can end in the inferior mesenteric pre-aortic lymph nodes
Which is a tributary of the inferior mesenteric vein?
Short gastric veins
Left gastro-omental veins
Pancreatic veins
None of the above are true
Spleen (new answers):
Develops in ventral mesentery
Is surrounded by visceral peritoneum except in the gastric area
Is connected with the lesser curvature of stomach by gastrosplenic ligament
Contains red and white pulp
The liver:
Its left lobe contacts with esophagus
Its left lobe contacts with gallbladder
The central veins are tributaries of portal vein
The quadrate lobe is supplied by the right hepatic artery
Abdominal aorta gives off:
Inferior phrenic arteries, which supply inferior pole of suprarenal gland
Lumbar arteries, which go at the back of the sympathetic trunk
Median sacral artery, which goes along dorsal side of the sacrum
Superior mesenteric artery, which supplies organs derived from hindgut
Choose the FALSE statement about the cecum:
It is a blind-ended pouch
Is usually intraperitoneal
It has no taenia
it is often distended with the gas
Duodenum (new answers)
It's third part lies anteriorly to the transverse colon
Duodenojejunal flexure is suspended on the right crus of the diaphragm
There are prominent circular folds found in the whole organ
The minor duodenal papilla joins the accessory bile duct
Appendix (new Answers):
Is attached to the postero-medial wall of the ascending colon
Has no aggregations of the lymphoid tissue
Is supplied indirectly by the superior mesenteric artery
What is FALSE about the spleen?
It is intraperiotoneal
Has white and red pulp
Has no capsule
Has upper and lower pole
Which of the following statements is true?
The accessory pancreatic duct empties into the duodenum just below the major duodenal papilla
The pancreas develops only from the ventral buds from the foregut
The main and accessory pancreatic ducts usually communicate with each other
The tail of the pancreas passes out of the splenorenal ligament
Which of the following anatomical structures are primarily extraperitoneal?
Jejunum
Bulb of duodenum
Cecum
Which of the following statements regarding the spleen is true?
The spleen is entirely surrounded by visceral periotoneum
The spleen is covered by the dome of the diaphragm in the area of rib X to XI
The arterial supply to the spleen is the splenic artery from the common hepatic artery
The spleen is connected to the lesser curvature of the stomach
Which os the following statements concerning the third (horizontal) part of the duodenum is true?
Usually crosses the body of the 1 lumbar vertebra
Usually crosses the body of the 2 lumbar vertebra
Usually crosses the body of the 3 lumbar vertebra
Usually crosses the body of the 4 lumbar vertebra
The anterior wall of the inguinal canal:
Is innervated by posterior ramus of the 12th intercostal nerve
Is supplied by the inferior epigastric artery
Contains deep inguinal ring
Is created by the aponeurosis of muscle which turning anterior part of the abdomen to the same side
all of the above are false
