Which is an example of asymptomatic pathogenesis?
Blood pressure of 170/98 experiencing headaches
Positive finding on colonoscopy and blood in his or her stool
Elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA)
Elevated TSH who is always tired
An occupational health nurse is planning a cholesterol screening with the employees at the factory. Which of the following would be an advantage of conducting this screening?
Allows for the beginning of a multiple test screening process
Provides an opportunity for health education
Allows for preliminary diagnosis of coronary artery disease
Provides the opportunity for a referral to a physician
Influenza occurs among Americans at a rate of 36 per 100 people annually. Which type of rate is this statement describing?
Prevalence rate
Incidence rate
Morbidity rate
Mortality rate
A nurse is examining the incidence, prevalence, and mortality rates of colon cancer in the community. Which of the following measures of life is being investigated?
Quality adjusted life year (QALY)
Quantity of life
Disability adjusted life year (DALY)
Satisfaction of life
Which represents a disadvantage of screening?
Utilization of group screening methods
Utilization of multiple test screening
Utilization of a test with high specificity
Utilization of a test with low sensitivity
The nurse is examining the ability of a phenylketonuria (PKU) screening test to distinguish correctly between newborns who have and who do not have the disease. Which of the following measures of accuracy of the instrument is being evaluated?
Sensitivity
Specificity
Validity
Efficacy
The proportion of people with a condition who correctly test positive when screened is known as:
sensitivity
specificity
validity
efficacy
The Denver Developmental Screening Test (DDST) has been said to have excellent test specificity. What does this statement mean?
Rarely identifies children who have developmental delays
Rarely identifies children who do not actually have developmental delays
Has a large number of false positive results
Has a large number of false negative results
A nurse determined the interobserver reliability of a blood pressure reading. Which of the following describes the method that was used by the nurse?
Blood pressure readings of 124/82 were obtained two days in a row by two different nurses
Three consecutive blood pressure readings of 124/82 were obtained by the same nurse
Blood pressure readings of 124/82 in the right arm and 124/82 in the left arm were obtained
A blood pressure reading of 124/82 was obtained immediately followed by another blood pressure reading of 147/92
A nurse is using a sweat test to screen people for cystic fibrosis. Which of the following results demonstrates poor sensitivity?
When 6 out of every 10 sweat tests performed are negative, but the six individuals actually have cystic fibrosis
When 6 out of every 10 sweat tests performed are positive, but the six individuals do not actually have cystic fibrosis
When 6 out of every 10 sweat tests performed are negative, and the six individuals really do not have cystic fibrosis
When 6 out of every 10 sweat tests performed are positive, and the six individuals really do have cystic fibrosis
A nurse is creating a hypertension screening program. Which of the following methods would be the best way to design a successful program?
Work with stakeholders to conduct a community assessment
Purchase state-of-the-art sphygmomanometers to measure blood pressures
Use the program developed at a previous place of employment
Contact a local church to see if the program can be implemented there
A nurse is planning to offer a depression screening at a local community center. Which of the following should be considered prior to implementation of the program?
Limited referral sources in the community
Limited support groups in the community
Insufficient evidence that depression screening tools are cost effective
Insufficient evidence mental health screening is appropriate
A nurse is implementing a test that screens for hypercholesterolemia. Which of the following parameters should this test have?
No cutoff point
Low cutoff point
Intermediate cutoff point
High cutoff point
During a screening, a test with a high specificity and low sensitivity is utilized. Which of the following issues could arise by using this test?
Ethical issues
Race issues
Gender issues
Cultural issues
A nurse is educating a group of community members about how hypertension screening is effective in reducing the rate of cardiovascular disease, thus reducing the expenses that are spent on management of this disease. Which of the following ratios is being described?
Cost-disease analysis
Cost-efficiency analysis
Cost-benefit ratio analysis
Cost-effectiveness analysis
Which of the following analyses is used to determine the optimal use of resources to reach a predetermined constant end point or the desired health outcome?
Which of the following is an example of a screenable population for hypertension?
High school students
Professional hockey players
High-level business executives attending an annual conference
Cardiac rehabilitation clients
A nurse is assessing a low-income population in a community. Which of the following would be most appropriate for this population?
HIV screening
Blood pressure screening
Colorectal cancer screening
Breast cancer mammography screening
A nurse is working at a womens health clinic and is asked by a client when she should return for her next Pap smear. Which of the following resources would the nurse use to find the most current recommendations?
National Health Information Center
Healthy People 2020
U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) website
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) website
A nurse is educating a 26-year-old, sexually active, female client about the screening tests that are now covered without a copayment or co-insurance because of the Affordable Care Act. Which of the following preventive services would the nurse include in this discussion?
Tobacco use screening
Cervical cancer screening
A nurse is planning a comprehensive health promotion activity to provide community members with a better opportunity to manage their own risk. Which of the following activities would be most appropriate for the nurse to perform?
Obtaining blood pressures and cholesterol levels during a screening
Obtaining blood pressures and family histories during a screening
Obtaining blood pressures and discussing the importance of exercise during a screening
Obtaining blood pressures, cholesterol levels, and glucose levels during a screening
Which of the following is an example of screening? (SELECT all that apply)
Asking if someone performs self-breast exam
Performing a self-breast exam
Obtaining a mammogram
Undergoing a needle biopsy
A nurse is assessing a community and is trying to determine the appropriateness of conducting a Type 2 diabetes screening in the community. Which of the following questions would the nurse need to answer when making this decision? (SELECT all that apply)
Is Type 2 diabetes considered a community problem?
What are the health benefits of screening for Type 2 diabetes?
Can Type 2 diabetes be detected by screening?
What is the cost-benefit ratio of implementing this screening?
Researchers are studying a particular disease which occurs among Americans at a rate of 36 per 100 annually. What type of rate is this statement describing?
Which type of cases tends to be expressed in terms of incidence?
Chronic conditions
Acute conditions
Diseases which target primarily children
Conditions where full recovery is expected
Which of the following statements regarding screening for Down’s Syndrome via blood work is NOT accurate?
It is an invasive but highly accurate test.
It can detect occult maternal cancer.
It is a form of genomic testing
It has decreased the incidence of amniocentesis
Which of the following plans is appropriate when planning and implementing a health screening event directed at diverse and minority populations?
Provide a standard care approach for everyone in the interest of equality for all persons.
Partner with key individuals and organizations
Provide pre-screening sessions to help diverse populations integrate with the mainstream culture
Insure that all personnel at the screening site are members of minority populations
Which of the following goals would be consistent with Healthy People 2020, as it pertains to screening and health promotion?
Promoting mammography for all women
Encourage colonoscopy to screen for colorectal cancer for all adults
Educate high-school students regarding sun safety
Increase screening via cat scans to detect for brain tumors
Which of the following screening parameters is NOT included among recommended preventative screening services for children and adolescents?
Anemia screening
Screening for high blood pressure in children
Screening or major depressive disorder
Screening for IQ in children
Which of the following statements is correct regarding the Pender Health Promotion model?
The model assists to identify factors which will influence behavioral changes
The model promotes health through standard, time-tested strategies
The model avoids asking subjective questions thus is non-threatening to the care recipient
The model is excellent for screening but less useful for teaching or primary prevention
REACH (Racial and Ethnic Approaches to Community Health) provides strategies to facilitate health promotion within to diverse populations. The common thread to all of these strategies is
providing mentorship
building trust
creating safe and crime-free communities
decreasing poverty and economic disparities
