describe the mechanism of action of local anesthetics on the nerve axon.

what are some adverse side effects of local anesthetic?

the amide local anesthetics are metabolized primarily in the ?

which amide type local anesthetic has the longest duration of action?

the following drugs belong to what pharmaceutical class of agents: darbepoetin alfa, pegfilgrastim, and sargramostin

exemestane (Aromasin) and letrozole (Femara) are anticancer drugs classified under what category?

your patient has a history of breast cancer and is undergoing chemotherapy with a drug called cisplatin (platinol). What are the drug's expected adverse effects?

What type of drugs are methotrexate, doxorubicin, and 5-fluorouracil?

which complication is most likely seen with chemotherapy treatment?

name the 8 classes of drugs used in cancer chemotherapy.

antimetabolites are cell cycle specific drugs acting primarily in which phase of the cell cycle?

alkylating agents are most effective in treating?

name the common pharmalogic antagonist of aldosterone in the collecting tubule.

name the three categories of widely used diuretics

what type of drug is dyazide

how does insulin affect protein synthesis?

How do most drugs travel through the blood stream?

oral contraceptives block ovulation by inhibiting which anterior pituitary hormones?

oral contraceptive agents usually contain both an ______ agent and a _______ agent.

all of the following are central neurotransmitters. which elicit major excitatory effects within the cns?
- acetylcholine
- dopamine
- norepinephrine
- serotonin
- gamma-aminobutyric acid
- opioid pepieds like beta-endorphin, enkephalins, dynorphin
- glutamate
- aspartate

list the prominent toxic effects of mercury.

name a drug used to treat diarrhea (reduce GI motility)

dexmethylphenidate and atomoxetine (Strattera) is used to treat what condition?

amphetamine description from wikipedia

chronic caffeine consumption can cause the following symptoms:

all are CNS stimulants except:
pentylenetetrazol (metrazol)
doxapram (dopram)
phenobarbital
nikethamide (coramine)
picrotoxin
strychnine

define the term analeptic

caffeine, theophylline, and theobromine are all what type of drug?

Bromocriptine (Parlodel) and Pergolide (Permax) are prescribed to treat?

all of the following are skeletal muscle spasmolytic drugs except:
- methocarbamol (Robaxin)
- cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril)
- Baclofen (Lioresal)
- Succinylcholine (Anectine)
- Carisoprodol (Soma)

name a popular drug to help relieve acute, painful musculoskeletal pain associated with acute temporomandibular joint pain:

define and list catecholamines.

the following drugs are useful in the treatment of what medical condition?
- colchicine, probenecid

a pt needs antibiotics for an oral infection. this pt also has chronic gout. what concerns might you have?

somatotropin is produced by?

ethyl alcohol cuases a well-marked diuresis by inhibiting the production of which hormone?

inhaled ammonia is the drug of choice for acting against?

list the types of syncope

list the aluminum salts used as antacids:

disulfiram is used in the mgmt of ?

which substance is an enzyme formed in the kidney and released into the bloodstream where it has an important role in the formation of angiotensin?

name the high molecular weight heteropolysaccharide that is found especially in the lungs and inactivates thrombin and other coagulation factors and thus prevents blood clotting.

Your pt's medication history includes modafinil (Provigil) ......why is your patient taking this drug ?

The following drugs belong to what pharmaceutical class of agents: adalimumab, alefacept, infliximab, trastuzumab

the following drugs belong to what pharmaceutical class of agents: pimecrolimus; sirolimus, tacrolimus?

Granisetron (Kytril) and ondansetron (Zofran) are selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonists used to treat what condition?

carbidopa is used to treat what disease? what must it be used with.

which antiarrhythmic agent is effective only on the ventricle and is often administered IV to treat life threatening ventricular arrhythmias?

Triazolam (Halcion) is a pre-operative sedative used in dentistry, it is metabolized in theliver by the P-450 isoform CYP3A4 enzyme. Drugs which inhibit the actions of CYP3A4 would affect triazolam in which way? (hint - relate to serum levels)

which drugs are common contraindications for triazolam?

procaine, cocaine, tetracaine

lidocaine, articaine, mepivacaine, prilocaine, bupivacaine

high levels of local anesthetics in blood stream

what are lethal side effects from toxic levels of local anesthetics?

prilocaine

only the non-ionized form of local anesthesia can penetrate tissues.... inflamed tissue has low pH which decreases amount of non-ionized form of local anesthesia.

Which penicillin has the best gram negative spectrum?

penicillin kills rapidly growing cells

bacteriostatic via competition w/PABA in folic acid synthesis--> folic acid deficiency

Aplastic anemia is associated with what antibiotic?

liver damage or hepatoxicity associated with what antibiotic drug class?

Which 2 antibiotics cancel each other out?

What uricosuric agent alters rate of renal clearance of penicillin?

ingesting antacids or dairy products will reduce effectiveness of what class of antibiotics?

broad spectrum antibiotics enhance the action of COUMADIN because of the reduction of what?

ampicillin

macrolides (erythromycin)

acyclovir

What antibitoic is able to achieve higher concentrations in bone than in serum?

What antibitoic achieves high concentration in gingival fluid than in serum?

What antibiotic can cause damage to cranial nerve 8, affecting both balance and hearing?

amphotericin B

What antibiotic chelates with calcium?

penicillin G and probenicid.

(renal excretion of penicillin G is decreased)

nitroglycerin, sometimes propranolol, and calcium channel blockers

phenytoin

verapamil

digitalis

propranolol

digitalis and digoxin

glycosides and ACE inhibitors

quinidine and lidocaine are used to treat arryhthmias.... what's the difference between them?