Pharmacology VIII (100 Flash Cards)

tachycardia in a patient administered with atropine or scopolamine results from

a. release of adrenal catecholamines
b. blockade of vagus nerve activity
c. blockade of the nicotinic cholinergic receptor
d. stimulation of the alpha adrenergic receptor
e. stimulation of the beta adrenergic receptor

cholinergenic stimulation effects? SLUD

a paralyzing dose of succinylcholine initially elicits

a. CNS stimulation
b. CNS depression
c. decreased salivation
d. muscle fasiculation
e. extrapyramidal reactions

symptoms of atropine poisoning

atropine overdose?

confusion and hallucinations result from oversdose of scopolamine are most efficaciously treated by adminstering?

Symptoms of cholinergic crisis --SLUD!

succinycholine is subject to inactivation via ...

Reserpine

alpha 1 receptor stimulation effects =

beta receptor stimulation:

alpha 1 =

beta blockers =

Levodopa used for =

alpha or beta adrenergic blocking drugs are =

mechanism of action for guanethidine =

Amides vs. ester metabolism

Benzocaine and cocaine are (amides/esters).

Why are ester LAs more toxic and more allergic?

Safest to use in children?

Must unsafe for children?

Ester/amide hybrid?

Longest duration of action?

Longest duration of action?

Shortest duration of action?

Methemoglobinemia risk?

Percentages of each LA?

T/F: LA by themselves are vasodilators.

T/F: Cocaine is the only LA that is vasoconstricting on its own.

LA are ________ channel blockers.

Only the (ionized/non-ionized) form of LA can penetrate the neuron membrane.

Why does infection make LA less effective?

Minimum # of nodes that must be blocked to achieve anesthesia

How does increased lipid solubility/hydrophobicity affect LA pharmacokinetics?

How does increased lipid binding affect LA pharmacokinetics?

Lower pKa means....

Calculating LA

3 purposes of vasoconstrictor?

Max epi to give to ASA I patient

Max epi to give to cardiac pt

Max lido w/ and w/o epi

Short vs. long needle length

Injection w/ highest failure rate?

IAN block techniques

The triangle you aim for when doing a classic IAN block?

Why avoid inserting needle to the hub?

Extent of IAN block anesthesia?

Mental nerve block

If only want to numb the anterior teeth?

How to administer PSA block

T/F: PSA block has a high hematoma risk.

Will PSA block numb all 3 molars completely?

To numb the max anteriors + PMs + MB root of 1st molar, what could you give?

Sulfonamides (i.e. Bactrim, SULFAdiazine, SULFAmethoxazole)

Fluoroquinolones (CiproFLOXACIN, LevoFLOXACIN)

Penicillins

Penicillin G vs. Pencillin V

Augmentin

Penicillin w/ best and broadest Gram(-) spectrum?

Penicillin used specifically against Pseudomonas?

Cephalosporins, Monobactams, Carbapenems

Tetracyclines

Antibiotic with the Broadest antimicrobial spectrum?

Macrolides + Lincosamides (-mycin)

When is premed required?

First choice premed Rx for IE?

First choice premed Rx for IE?

Adult: 600mg Clinda 1hr before Tx

Child: 20mg/kg Clinda 1 hr before Tx

1st choice premed for prosthetic joint prophylaxis?

When is premed not recommended for cardio cases?

Antibiotic side effect of GI upset and P. colitis?

Most likely to cause superinfection?

Antibiotic associated w/ aplastic anemia?

Antibiotic associated w/ liver damage?

Antibiotic associated w/ allergic cholestatic hepatitis?

_______ shouldn't be taken with antacids or milk.

Clindamycin concentrates in _____.

Tetracycline concentrates well in __________.

Best Rx for herpes infection?

Best Rx for Candidiasis?

Best Rx for Candidiasis?

Clotrimazole (Mycelex) comes in what form?

Aspirin(ASA) is a (reversible/irreversible) COX 1 and 2 blocker.

NSAIDs are ____________ blockers, which inhibits prostaglandin synthesis.

Ibuprofen is not good for which organ?

MOA of acetaminophen?

Aspirin is tough on what bodily system?

Drug of choice in feverish child?

Why shouldn't give aspirin to children?

Max dose for ibuprofen and acetaminophen in a day?

Therapeutic effects of aspirin?

Toxic effects of aspirin?

Corticosteroids (-one) MOA

SE of steroids

Rule of 2s

Narcotics/opioids MOA

OxyCONtin

Which narcotic/opioid suppresses cough reflex?