Pharmacology IX(100 Flash Cards)

Hydrocodone + APAP (Acetaminophen)

Oxycodone + APAP

Composition of Tylenol 1-4?

Therapeutic and SEs of morphine

Nitrous oxide tank color

Oxygen tank color

Nitrous oxide

Why give 3-5min oxygen after shutting off nitrous oxide?

Pharmacokinetics vs. Pharmacodynamics

Systemic drugs cross through what layers to get through to the bloodstream?

Bioavailability of drugs is only 100% if administered via _________.

pH considerations

First pass effect

Volume of distribution (Vd)

T/F: Binding to serum proteins lowers Vd and "traps" drugs in the blood as hydrophilic molecules.

Which tissue have lowest and highest water content?

Drug metabolism phase

Drug clearance

First-order vs. Zero-order elimination kinetics

Induction vs. inhibition DDIs

Almost all drug targets are ________.

Agonist vs. Antagonist

Competitive antagonist vs. non-competitive antagonist

Inverse agonist

Type I vs. Type II dose response curve

Intrinsic activity (efficacy)

Efficacy vs. Affinity vs. potency

Competitive antagonist vs. non-competitive antagonist effects on Type I dose response curve

Type II dose curve

How is the therapeutic index calculated?

Additive vs Synergistic effects

Parasympathetic (PSNS) and sympathetic (SNS) nerves extend from which part of the spinal cord?

PSNS bodily effects

SNS bodily effects

Ionotropic vs Metabotropic receptors in the ANS

2 kinds of cholinergic receptors

Adrenergic receptors

SNS and PSNS nerve length

T/F: All ganglion and adrenal medulla receptors are nicotinic (ionotropic) receptors, for both SNS and PSNS.

ACh synthesis

Muscarinic receptors subtypes

What patients should not be given M agonists?

Synthesis of epi/NE

Catecholamines vs monamines

Adrenergic receptor subtypes

sympathomimetic

T/F: When alpha 2 receptors are agonized, it will block SNS signal.

Epinephrine reversal

Vasovagal reflex

_________ blocks the vasovagal reflex.

What contributes to BP?

Preload vs. afterload

Diuretic antihypertensive MOA

Furosemide, HCTZ, Spironolactone

Antihypertensive vasodilators and CCB MOA

SE of CCBs

Angiotensin II

Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone system

Antihypertensive ACE inhibitors (-prils)

Nitroglycerin, propranolol, CCBs belong to what family of meds?

Heart attack emergency response

Anti-CHF drugs should be given when......

Cardiac Glycosides (Digoxin) MOA

4 types of Anti-arrhythmic Drugs:

Dopamine, serotonin, GABA receptor effects

Antipsychotics

Antidepressant drugs

Choice drug for bipolar disorder?

Ideal drug for oral sedation in dental setting?

Benzos & barbiturates (sedatives) MOA

Propylene glycol can induce ___________ in large veins.

Barbiturate contraindications

Barb overdose --

T/F: Sedatives provide no pain relief.

Stages of General Anesthesia

The more soluble the general anesthetic agent in blood, the (more/less) you need to reach critical tension in the brain.

Halothane's (GA) SE

Cause of Parkinson's?

T/F: Dopamine cannot cross the BBB.

Carbidopa is administered w/ L-DOPA because

Neostigmine

Pharmacodynamics

Affinity

Kd

Selectivity

Pharmacokinetics

Pharmacovigilance

Pharmacogenomics

List the 5 main R types

Type 1 graded dose-response curve

Potency

Type 2 quantal dose response curve

Therapeutic Window

Therapeutic index

pH

pKA

Henderson-Hasselbach equation

Volume of Distribution (Vd)

Metabolism
-phase 1 rxns
-phase 2 rxns

Catecholamine Synthesis

Drug Clearance

Flow Dependent Elimination