US legal system

What are the three branches of government that are separated in America? What is their role?

What are the two categories of courts? Which has exclusive authority in the majority of cases? In which case does the other one have authority over these courts?

To what type of trial is the defendant entitled to?

On what is based the United States Supreme Court and the lower federal courts? Name them.

What are the roles of each of these Courts? Give an estimate of how many there are throughout the US.

What is the purpose of the US Supreme Court?

How many judges sit on the Supreme Court?

How does the State Court system work? What are some generalities?

How are Supreme Court judges nominated? For how long?

How are federal judges appointed? Why is this important? Can a judge be impeached? Is this common?

How are State judges elected (give the 2 most popular ways)?

What are prosecutors charged of doing? How are they appointed?

How is someone who cannot afford a lawyer represented in court?