An organism’s ________________ is determined by its _________________.
Genotype; phenotype
Phenotype; genotype
Allele; phenotype
F1 generation; allele
What are Barr bodies?
X chromosomes inactivated to prevent over-expression of the alleles found on the X chromosome in females
Highly condensed Y chromosomes in males
X chromosomes inactivated to allow for expression of the males-specific phenotype
Inactive autosomal chromosomes specific to females
If one strand of a DNA molecule has the sequence ATTGCAT, then the complementary strand will have the sequence
ATTGCAT
TACGTTA
TAACGTA
GCCTAGC
What is the central dogma of molecular biology?
DNA is the genetic material.
Information passes from DNA to protein.
Information passes from DNA to RNA to protein
One gene encodes only one polypeptide
Nondisjunction results in
An improper number of chromosomes
aneuploidy
None of the above
Both a and b above
The principle that states that two alleles for a gene separate during gamete formation and are rejoined at random, one from each parent during fertilization is called
Mendel’s second law of heredity
The principle of segregation
Law of independent assortment
Mendel’s third law of heredity
When more than one gene affects a trait, this is known as ____________ and an example of this can be found with _______________.
Pleiotropy; eye color
Incomplete dominance; hairline
Polygenic inheritance; eye color
Codominance; sex-linked disorders
In certain flowers, the heterozygous condition is displayed as an intermediate phenotype between the two homozygous conditions. For example, crossing red snapdragons with white snapdragons produces pink snapdragons. This is an example of:
Incomplete dominance
Codominance
Segregation
Epistasis
Nondisjunction of the sex chromosomes is much more likely to occur in women than in men because
this is not true; nondisjunction occurs equally in men and women
Women have two X chromosomes to the one X chromosome in men
Women’s eggs have developed prior to birth while men form new sperm cells daily and so the eggs are much older.
It is carried on the X chromosome
If an organism’s DNA is known to be composed of 23% adenine, what percentage of their DNA would be composed of guanine?
27%
23%
Unable to determine from the data given
46%
The process in which DNA is used as a template to form another DNA molecule is called
Transcription
Reverse transcription
Replication
Translation
In addition to adding bases to the growing DNA strand during replication, DNA polymerase is also responsible for
Proofreading the new DNA molecule as it is being synthesized
Synthesizing RNA
Making proteins
DNA polymerase has only the one function
DNA is always synthesized in the __________ direction and because of this, the lagging strand is synthesized ______________, forming Okazaki fragments.
3’-5’; discontinuously
3’-5’; continuously
5’-3”; discontinuously
5’-3’; continuously
Some errors that may occur during DNA replication may be repaired. The type of repair that does not require the presence of light is known as:
Photorepair
Mutagen repair
Radiation
Excision repair
What is added to eukaryotic transcripts following transcription
5’ cap and a 3’ poly A tail
3’ cap and a 5’ poly A tail
5’ hat and a 3’ poly B tail
3’ bonnet and a 5’ poly A tail
Where does translation occur in eukaryotes?
In the nucleus
In the golgi apparatus
On the ribosomes
In a vacuole
A mutation that alters a single base but does not alter the amino acid that is coded for is called a _________ mutation.
Missense
Silent
Nonsense
noisy
Which of the following is a good example of epistasis?
red and white snapdragons are bred and the offspring are pink
Himalayan rabbits produce temperature-sensitive products
when mice have one copy of the spinning gene they spin but with two copies, they die.
E gene determines fur color of Labrador retrievers and the B gene determines the darkness of the pigment
