Vitamin C toxicity causes dose dependent in gram doses, false negative iron , hyperoxaluria, in dialysis patients, and hemolysis in patients with deficiency

The four H's of vitamin C deficiency are , , , and Abnormalities

Vitamin C is a cofactor for conversion of to norepinephrine via the enzyme . Vitamin C helps keep in the reduced form so the reaction can continue.

is a cofactor for the creation of serotonin. is first converted to via the enzyme . is a cofactor and it helps keep in the reduced form. is also a cofactor for this reaction. is then changed to serotonin.

Vitamin C is a key component of amino acid metabolism. Vitamin C is a cofactor in the of phenylalanine. The enzyme that catalyzes this conversion is . This enzyme is also dependent on and . It is thought that vitamin C keeps in the reduced form for the reaction to continue. The product of this reaction is , another amino acid. can then go on to form , which is converted to . is then converted to by . This reaction also uses vitamin C as a cofactor and is dependent on . Vitamin C is thought to keep in the reduced form so the reaction can continue. can also go on to form , which is a precursor to acetyl CoA. Vitamin C is necessary for the conversion of to acetyl CoA, as well as .

Vitamin C is important for the formation of carnitine, an important component of metabolism. The precursor to carnitine is , which is with the help of Vitamin C and . Again, it is thought that Vitamin C helps keep in the reduced form in order for the reaction to continue. is hydroxylated to , and in the process is created and alpha-keto-glutarate is converted to . The enzyme that catalyzes this reaction is . can then continue on to make carnitine through several other steps. Vitamin C is also a cofactor for , another enzyme needed for the final steps of carnitine synthesis.

Vitamin C is an important cofactor in the of various amino acids, especially and in the synthesis of collagen.

The hydroxylation of proline and is catalyzed by the enzyme or 3 or 4-OH . The product of this reaction is 3- or 4- or . The overall category of this type of enzyme is a . Vitamin C is a cofactor in this reaction and it keeps in the reduced form so the reaction can continue.

Vitamin C is a cofactor for: 1. synthesis, 2. car synthesis, 3. cate synthesis, 4. peptide , 5. metabolism

Vitamin C the absorption of iron. It also reduced itraluminal iron from Fe to Fe which is absorbed more easily. Vitamin C helps form in the which are absorbed easily. Vitamin C counteracts and which form iron complexes.

Vitamin C donates two and two protons in reactions, which is why it is an Vitamin C reacts with radicals which can oxidize LDL and RBCs.

Large doses of Vitamin C are excreted in the urine.

L-ascorbic acid is reduced to L- acid by . L-dehydroascorbate can be converted to 2,3 , which can then be broken down into and , or converted to 5 carbon sugars such as which can go onto other metabolic pathways.

The vitamin C pool varies from 1.4 to grams. The gland has the highest concentration of Vitamin C, with 30-40 mg/ 100 grams of tissue. The and are also high in vitamin C. Some is found in the , , and . A small amount is found in the , , and s. The tissue level of vitamin C is much greater than the plasma level of vitamin C. Both amounts are very dependent on vitamin C intake.

Vitamin C is primarily absorbed through transport. Some is absorbed by . it occurs in the part of the intestines. Absorption decreased with intake. An average of % of vitamin C is absorbed from the diet. Vitamin C is transported in the plasma as a .

The enzyme that humans lack that plants and animals use to convert glucose to vitamin C is .