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Medicine Quiz sobre Physiology Exam 2022 - Cycle 2, criado por Soheila Amri em 09-06-2022.

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Physiology Exam 2022 - Cycle 2

Questão 1 de 79

1

Which of the following sentences describe property of fasciculus gracilis ?

Selecione uma ou mais das seguintes:

  • It collects sensory input from lower part of the body

  • Collects sensory input from upper part of the body

  • It conducts impulses collected from muscle spindles and golgi tendon organs

  • It conveys touch and vibration sense

  • Second order neuron is located in medulla oblongata

  • Second order neuron is located in posterior horn of spinal cord

Explicação

Questão 2 de 79

1

Which features are unique for unitary SMC?

Selecione uma ou mais das seguintes:

  • They have BER (slow wave rhythm)

  • They have a plateau phase

  • They need action potential to initiate electrical activity

  • They are innervated by many nerve strands

  • They have gap junctions

Explicação

Questão 3 de 79

1

What creates fEPSP in postganglionic sympathetic neurons ?

Selecione uma ou mais das seguintes:

  • ACh through N-cholinergic receptors

  • ACh through M-cholinergic receptor

  • Gn-RH

  • D2-Receptor

Explicação

Questão 4 de 79

1

What is true about nerve fibers of the efferent ANS?

Selecione uma ou mais das seguintes:

  • Preganglinic sympathetic axons are myelinated A fibers

  • Postganglionic parasympathetic axons are unmyelinated C-fiber

  • Preganglionic sympathetic axons are myelinated B-fibers

  • Preganglionic parasympathetic axons are unmyelinated C-fibers

Explicação

Questão 5 de 79

1

Specific, where ligand gated channels are found in the neuron;

Selecione uma ou mais das seguintes:

  • Dendrites

  • Cell body = soma

  • Axon hillock

  • Nodes of ranvier

Explicação

Questão 6 de 79

1

Identify features that separate CARDIAC from skeletal muscles

Selecione uma ou mais das seguintes:

  • It is build of thick and thin filaments

  • Action potential has a plateau phase

  • Cells can depolarize independent of external impulses

  • Calcium ins are stored in the endoplasmic reticulum

  • Gap junctions

Explicação

Questão 7 de 79

1

The Resting membrane potential of a cellular membrane is dependent on:

Selecione uma ou mais das seguintes:

  • K+ outflow (leakage current)

  • Fast Na+ channels

  • Fast k+ channels

  • Ca2+ channel

  • Na+/K+ pump- ATPase

Explicação

Questão 8 de 79

1

In Neuromuscular junctions you can find:

Selecione uma ou mais das seguintes:

  • N-cholinergic receptor

  • Acetylcholine

  • Beta-Adrenergic receptor

  • Folds of the cardiac membrane

Explicação

Questão 9 de 79

1

ATP function in cross bridge cycle: In the cross bridge cycle of skeletal and cardiac muscle, ATP produces:

Selecione uma ou mais das seguintes:

  • Tropomyosin and actin connection

  • Ca2+ released from Sarcoplasmic reticulum

  • ATP - energizing the power stroke of the myosin cross bridge

  • ATP - disconnecting the myosin cross bridge from the binding site on actin at a conclusion of a powerstroke

  • ATP - actively transporting Ca2+ ions into the sarcoplasmic reticulum

Explicação

Questão 10 de 79

1

GABA is

Selecione uma ou mais das seguintes:

  • Voltage gated Cl- channel

  • Ligand gated Cl- channel

  • CL channel, gated with GABA

  • Activation/ release leads to IPSP

Explicação

Questão 11 de 79

1

Co-transmitters and mediators in ANS:

Selecione uma ou mais das seguintes:

  • Preganglionic cholinergic fibers

  • Postganglionic cholinergic fibers

  • Postganglionic adrenergic

  • Preganglionic adrenergic

Explicação

Questão 12 de 79

1

Resting membrane potential in maintained by:

Selecione uma ou mais das seguintes:

  • K+ ions outflow

  • Cl ion passage

  • NA/K pump

  • Protein anions

  • Na+ channels & currents does not influence resting membrane potential

Explicação

Questão 13 de 79

1

Standard Action potential of the neuron:

Selecione uma ou mais das seguintes:

  • Reflects all or none law

  • Involves sodium, chloride and calcium channels

  • Can be summated in time and space

  • The amount of liberated neurotransmitter is proportionate to the frequency of action potential passing via p...

Explicação

Questão 14 de 79

1

Which of the following cells are able to create action potential?

Selecione uma ou mais das seguintes:

  • Olfactory receptor cells

  • Hair cells of the organ of Corti

  • Ganglion cells of the retina

  • Bipolar cells of the retina

Explicação

Questão 15 de 79

1

Tetanic contraction of the skeletal muscle results from the cumulative increase in the intracellular concentration of which of the following?

Selecione uma ou mais das seguintes:

  • ATP

  • Potassium ion

  • Phosphocreatine

  • Calcium ion

  • Troponin

Explicação

Questão 16 de 79

1

Tetany can be observed in:

Selecione uma ou mais das seguintes:

  • Decrease in Ca2+ (low plasma level)

  • Decrease in Mg2+ (low plasma levels)

  • Increase in Ca2+

  • Increase in temperature

  • Decrease in H+

  • Increase in HCO3-, K+ and HPO42-

  • Acidosis

  • Alkalosis

Explicação

Questão 17 de 79

1

Identify right features common for all types of striated muscle:

Selecione uma ou mais das seguintes:

  • Calmodulin intensifies activity of the calcium pump of SR, pumping ions back into ECF

  • T-tubules of the sarcolemma is rich in ligand gated channels

  • DHP receptor is the voltage gated structure of sarcolemma

  • Rise of concentration of calcium ion in cytosol of striated muscle cells is the necessary condition for generation of cross bridges

  • RyR is the ionotropic receptor of sarcolemma

Explicação

Questão 18 de 79

1

In synaptic transmission:

Selecione uma ou mais das seguintes:

  • Acetylcholine is broken down by acetylcholine esterase in synaptic cleft. This finishes synaptic transmission

  • Postsynaptic inhibition depends on the number of IPSP and EPSP generated on particular postsynaptic membrane

  • Glycine produced EPSP in postsynaptic neuron

Explicação

Questão 19 de 79

1

The site where the threshold potential (-55mV) has to occur in order to produce an action potential is:

Selecione uma ou mais das seguintes:

  • Axon

  • Axon hillock

  • Soma

  • Dendrites

Explicação

Questão 20 de 79

1

Choose which of the following statements are true (action potential):

Selecione uma ou mais das seguintes:

  • The site where the threshold potential (-55mV) has to occur in order to produce an action potential is the axon hillock

  • During its resting state, the electrical charge inside the neuron is negative compared to the outside

  • In response to an action potential, a presynaptic neuron releases a chemical called a neurotransmitter which diffuses across the synaptic cleft to activate ligand receptor on the postsynaptic cell

  • The reason why there is a sudden shift in the electrical potential of the neuron (from about -70mv to about +50mv) during an action potential is largely due to the sudden influx of potassium ions.

Explicação

Questão 21 de 79

1

Which of the followings are peptide hormones:

Selecione uma ou mais das seguintes:

  • Thyroxine, aldosterone, growth hormone;

  • Insulin, epinephrine, dopamine;

  • Vasopressin, oxytocin, insulin;

  • Parathyroid hormone, growth hormone, calcitonin

Explicação

Questão 22 de 79

1

In the neurons:

Selecione uma ou mais das seguintes:

  • The axons convey impulse away from the cell body;

  • Neurotransmitters are synthesized in the cell bodies and then transported to the axons

  • The condition velocity decreases with fiber diameter

  • The excitability is increased if the extracellular calcium concentration is decreased

Explicação

Questão 23 de 79

1

Fill the blank with the correct words:"During the neuron's resting state, large amounts of positive ______ ions are found in the extracellular fluid, whereas relatively more positive ______ ions are found inside the cell."

Selecione uma ou mais das seguintes:

  • sodium, potassium

  • potassium, sodium

  • potassium, chloride

  • chloride, potassium

Explicação

Questão 24 de 79

1

The conduction velocity of the nerve fibers is increased by:

Selecione uma ou mais das seguintes:

  • Decreased temperature

  • Increased concentration of the external sodium ions

  • Increased axon diameter

  • Myelination

Explicação

Questão 25 de 79

1

Place the following neurons in order of their speed of conduction , from faster to slowest: (they are in the correct order seen below
a. myelinated axon, diameter 20um
b. unmyelinated axon, diameter 200um
c. unmyelinated axon, diameter 20um

Selecione uma ou mais das seguintes:

  • b, c, a

  • c, a, b

  • a, b, c

Explicação

Questão 26 de 79

1

The presence of myelin allows an axon to:

Selecione uma ou mais das seguintes:

  • Produce more frequent action potentials

  • Conduct impulses more rapidly

  • Produce action potential of larger amplitude

  • Action potential of longer duration

Explicação

Questão 27 de 79

1

Hair cells of semicircular canals:

Selecione uma ou mais das seguintes:

  • Respond to linear acceleration

  • Discharge at rest

  • Depolarize when bend towards kinocilium

  • Saccule and Utricle

  • Signals linear acceleration

Explicação

Questão 28 de 79

1

Hair cells are located:

Selecione uma ou mais das seguintes:

  • In tympanic membrane

  • In inner ear

  • In semicircular canals

  • In scala tympani

  • middle ear

  • crista ampullaris

  • basilar membrane of organ of corti

Explicação

Questão 29 de 79

1

Vestibular Nystagmus:

Selecione uma ou mais das seguintes:

  • Triggered by linear acceleration

  • Toward warm ear in Barany test

  • Opposite of Barany rotation test

  • Defined by its slow phase

  • not envoked in normal healthy people

  • postrotatory side is in opposite direction

  • slow eye movement - vestibular occular reflex

  • slow eye movement - vertigo

Explicação

Questão 30 de 79

1

True statement:

Selecione uma ou mais das seguintes:

  • In damage to Wernick's area, person can talk fluently but poor auditory comprehension and poor repetition of heard and read words (cant name)

  • In damage to wernick's area, person can talk fluenty with good auditory comprehension, but is not able to repeat heard and read words

  • In damage to Broca's speech area, person can talk fluently, but poor auditory comprehension and able to repeat heard words

  • In damage to Broca's speech area, person can't talk fluently, but good auditory comprehension (can't name and repeat)

Explicação

Questão 31 de 79

1

Organ of Corti:

Selecione uma ou mais das seguintes:

  • Inner motile due to basilar membrane

  • Abundant efference

  • Abundant afferent

Explicação

Questão 32 de 79

1

Primary somatosensory cortex: Primary sensory cortex

Selecione uma ou mais das seguintes:

  • Receives somatosensory input (specific)

  • Located in precentral gyrus of frontal lobe

  • Is Brodmans area 1,2,3

  • Goes to cingulate gyrus

Explicação

Questão 33 de 79

1

Defects of left geniculocalcarine tract (left optic radiation / optic tract):

Selecione uma ou mais das seguintes:

  • Temporal half of left retina

  • Temporal half of right retina

  • Nasal half of left retina

  • Nasal half of right retina

  • Both halves of semis retina

Explicação

Questão 34 de 79

1

Concerning stretch reflex:

Selecione uma ou mais das seguintes:

  • Anulospiral endings continued by afferent myelinated Ib fibers.

  • Anulospiral endings continued by afferent myelinated Ia fibers

  • Efferent cdr fibers of anterior horn

  • Efferent A alfa fibers of anterior horn

  • Flower - spray endings continued by efferent myelinated group III fibers

Explicação

Questão 35 de 79

1

What is correct regarding reflexes:

Selecione uma ou mais das seguintes:

  • Stretch reflex is a monosynaptic

  • Stretch reflex is a polysynaptic

  • Inverse stretch reflex is a withdrawal reflex

  • Annulospiral and flower-spray in endings muscle spindle

Explicação

Questão 36 de 79

1

Identify correct statements concerning delta waves:

Selecione uma ou mais das seguintes:

  • Deepest part of NREM sleep

  • Lower muscle tone in skeletal muscle

  • More than 50% of normal EEG

  • Spindles of theta waves

Explicação

Questão 37 de 79

1

Elements of the visual pathway: (6 correct)

Selecione uma ou mais das seguintes:

  • medial geniculate body

  • lateral geniculate body

  • retina, small retina cells

  • optic disc and optic radiation

  • purkinje cells

  • bipolar cells, photosensitive cells and ganglion cells

  • optic chiasm

  • neurons of visual cortex

Explicação

Questão 38 de 79

1

Neurons of visual pathway are (mind the order): (ONLY 5 are correct)
a. Photosensitive cells
b. Bipolar cells
c. Ganglion cells
d. Cells of lateral geniculate body of thalamus
e. Neurons of visual cortex (bordmans area 17)
f. Purkinje cells
g. Cells of medial geniculate body of thalamus

Selecione uma ou mais das seguintes:

  • a, b, c, f, g

  • a, b, c, d, e

  • a, c, f, b, g

  • a, b, f, d, e

Explicação

Questão 39 de 79

1

Fast superficial pain:

Selecione uma ou mais das seguintes:

  • Cerebral cortex

  • Transmitted by unmyelinated fibers

  • Bright and easy to localise

  • Transmitted by myelinated A fibers (delta)

  • Short lasting pain signals (sharp)

Explicação

Questão 40 de 79

1

Pacinian corpuscle:

Selecione uma ou mais das seguintes:

  • Rapidly adapting

  • Slow adapting

  • Large area of skin - large receptive field size

  • Small area of skin

Explicação

Questão 41 de 79

1

Defects of cerebellum;

Selecione uma ou mais das seguintes:

  • Ataxia, failure of progression

  • Poor coordination, decomposition of body movements

  • Intention tremor

  • Resting tremor

  • Adiadochonkinesia/ dysdiadochokinesia

  • cerebellar nystagmus (tremor of eyes)

  • past pointing, dysmetria & hypotonia

  • Synergia

Explicação

Questão 42 de 79

1

Mechanoreceptor are located in:

Selecione uma ou mais das seguintes:

  • Scala tympani

  • Scala media

  • scala vestibuli

  • golgi tendon organ

  • ampulae of semicircular canal

Explicação

Questão 43 de 79

1

The reflex arc of the withdrawal reflex is composed of (5)

Selecione uma ou mais das seguintes:

  • nociceptor

  • muscle spindle

  • Ia sensory fibers

  • Ib sensory fibers

  • A delta fiber

  • excitatory interneurons

  • inhibitory interneurons

  • alpha motor neurons

Explicação

Questão 44 de 79

1

Fovea centralis (4)

Selecione uma ou mais das seguintes:

  • Located medially to optic disc

  • Located superior to optic disc

  • Located laterally to optic disc (temporal)

  • Located inferior to optic disc

  • Is located in center of macula lutea of retina

  • Is closely packed with cones

  • Greatest visual acuity (central vision)

Explicação

Questão 45 de 79

1

Cholinergic neurons of autonomic nervous system (Ach)

Selecione uma ou mais das seguintes:

  • postganglionic parasympathetic

  • preganglionic Parasympathetic

  • postganglionic sympathetic

  • preganglionic sympathetic

  • Alpha motor

Explicação

Questão 46 de 79

1

Tapping of the patellar elicits a reflex contraction of the quadriceps muscle, Which of the following proceeds the contraction of the quadriceps femoris?

Selecione uma ou mais das seguintes:

  • The Ia afferents from the quadriceps muscle spindle increase their rate of firing

  • The Ib afferents from the Golgi tendon organ increase their rate of firing

  • The alpha-motoneurons innervating the extradural muscle fibers increase their rate of firing

  • The gamma-motoneurons innervating the intrafusal muscle increase their rate of firing

  • The alpha-motoneurons to the antagonist muscles increase their rate of firing

Explicação

Questão 47 de 79

1

Which of the following are elements of the reflec arc of the inverse stretch reflex?

Selecione uma ou mais das seguintes:

  • Inhibitory interneuron of the spinal cord

  • Gamma motor neuron innervating extratusal skeletal muscle cells

  • Golgi tendon organ

  • Ib sensory fiber from the annulospinal ending

  • Alpha-motor neuron innervating extrafusal skeletal muscle cells

  • C fiber collecting input from the muscle spindle

  • Sensory protoneuron of the dorsal root ganglion collecting input from type la sensory fiber

Explicação

Questão 48 de 79

1

Identify the FIRST and the LAST stage of the phototransduction of rods right after absorption of light:

Selecione uma ou mais das seguintes:

  • Hyperpolarization and photoreceptor

  • Activation of transduction

  • Increase of the concentration of cGMP

  • Changing of the retinal configuration from the cis-form to the more energetic trans-form

  • Closure of the cGMP dependent Na+ channel

  • Reduction of the concentration of cGMP

Explicação

Questão 49 de 79

1

Find right statement concerning audition:

Selecione uma ou mais das seguintes:

  • Frequency of vibration of the basilar membrane differs frequency of vibration of the ear drum

  • The apical part of the basilar membrane resonate the most in response to the tone of 200Hz

  • Outer hair cells of the cochlea help to discriminate loudness of the sound

  • Inner hair cells of the cochlea function as detectors of the tone pitch

  • Tone of 20kHz produces vibration of the entire basilar membrane

Explicação

Questão 50 de 79

1

Identify right statements concerning olfactory transduction (mind the proper order of events) that develops right after odorant:

Selecione uma ou mais das seguintes:

  • Activation of G-protein complex (Golf)

  • Activation of the adenyl cyclase and synthesis of cAMP

  • Ca2+ opens Cl-outward channels that produce depolarization that reaches axon hillock

  • Generation of the action potential in cilia of the olfactory cells

Explicação

Questão 51 de 79

1

Symptoms of cerebellar defects might be:

1. Resting tremor.
2. Ataxia, dyscoordination of voluntary and involuntary movements.
3. Flaccid paralysis.
4. Spasticity and exaggerated stretch reflexes.
5. Broad-based gait and intention tremor.
6. Atrophy of muscles.
7. Dyscoordination of only involuntary movements.

Selecione uma ou mais das seguintes:

  • 1, 2, 4

  • 2, 5

  • 4, 5, 7

  • 3, 6

Explicação

Questão 52 de 79

1

Which of following cells are cholinergic neurons of the Autonomic Nervous System (liberate Ach):
1. Preganglionic parasympathetic neurons.
2. Postganglionic parasympathetic neurons.
3. Preganglionic sympathetic neurons.
4. Postganglionic sympathetic neurons to gastric glands.
5. Alpha-motor neurons of the anterior horns.

Selecione uma ou mais das seguintes:

  • 1, 2, 3, 4

  • 2, 3, 4, 5

  • 1, 2, 3

  • 1, 2, 3, 5

Explicação

Questão 53 de 79

1

Parasympathetic system:
1. Produces contraction of the gallbladder
2. Increases velocity of conduction in the atrin of the atrioventricular node of the intrinsic conduction system of heart.
3. Produces contraction of detrusor muscle of the urinary bladder.
4. Produces dilation of airways (bronchodilation).

Selecione uma ou mais das seguintes:

  • 2, 4

  • 1, 3

  • 1, 4

  • 2, 3

Explicação

Questão 54 de 79

1

Anterior (ventral) spinothalamic tract is composed of (PROPER ORDER of NEURONS is required):
1. Neurons in posterior horn of the spinal cord.
2. Dorsal root ganglion cell.
3. Neurons in nucleus gracilis.
4. Neurons in ventral posterolateral nuclei of the thalamus.
5. Neurons in postcentral gyrus of the cerebral cortex.

Selecione uma ou mais das seguintes:

  • 2, 3, 4, 5

  • 2, 1, 3, 4, 5

  • 1, 2, 4, 5

  • 2, 1, 4, 5

Explicação

Questão 55 de 79

1

Which of following phenomena are mediated by alpha-adrenergic receptor:
1. Intestinal relaxation.
2. Urinary bladder sphincter contraction.
3. Lipogenesis.
4. Bronchodilation.

Selecione uma ou mais das seguintes:

  • 2, 4

  • 1, 3

  • 3, 4

  • 1, 2

Explicação

Questão 56 de 79

1

Identify all true statements concerning threshold potential

Selecione uma ou mais das seguintes:

  • Threshold potential equals -40mV in standard neurons.

  • Threshold potential is the minimum amplitude of the stimulus which is able to elicit action potential.

  • The lower the threshold potential, the higher cell excitability.

  • Threshold potential is the membrane charge able to open voltage gated channels initiating spontaneous distribution of excitation.

Explicação

Questão 57 de 79

1

Identify right statements concerning phenomena that begin depolarization of the skeletal muscle cell:

Selecione uma ou mais das seguintes:

  • Activation of nicotinic receptor of the skeletal muscle cell generates action potential of the motor end plate.

  • Binding of Ach to the nicotinic receptor produces end plate potential.

  • End plate potential of the sarcolemma of the skeletal muscle cell is produced by the ligand gated channel.

  • Activation of the muscarinic M1 receptor produces IPSP of the motor end-plate.

Explicação

Questão 58 de 79

1

Rhodopsin is..;

Selecione uma ou mais das seguintes:

  • The G-protein that breaks down cGMP.

  • Extremely sensitive to light. It begins phototransduction being entered by a single photon of light.

  • A metabotropic G-protein coupled receptor.

  • The ionotropic receptor gated by GABA (GABAC receptor)

  • Embedded in the membrane of free floating discs of the outer segment of the rod cell.

Explicação

Questão 59 de 79

1

How far from the lens is the focal point of the eye, which refractive power is 50 dioptres?

Selecione uma ou mais das seguintes:

  • 50 mm beyond the lens.

  • 25 mm beyond the lens and it is always located on the fovea

  • 2 cm beyond the lens.

  • 50 mm in front of the lens

Explicação

Questão 60 de 79

1

Sentences related to afferent (ascending) pathways of the spinal cord:

Selecione uma ou mais das seguintes:

  • All spinal pathways to cerebral cortex pass through transitional nuclei of thalamus.

  • They conduct exteroceptive, proprioceptive and auditory sensation.

  • Unconscious proprioceptive sensation terminates with mossy fibers on granule cells of cerebellar cortex.

  • Their second neurons can be located in spinal cord or medulla oblongata.

Explicação

Questão 61 de 79

1

Purkinje cells of the cerebellar cortex:

Selecione uma ou mais das seguintes:

  • Are excited by climbing fibers from the olivary nuclei

  • Collect efferent output from deep cerebellar nuclei.

  • Are located in molecular layer of the cerebellar cortex

  • Release GABA from their axon terminals. They produce inhibitory effect to deep cerebellar nuclei.

Explicação

Questão 62 de 79

1

Nociception is conducted by:

Selecione uma ou mais das seguintes:

  • Lateral spinothalmic tract

  • The same pathway as the vibration and fine, precise touch

  • The same pathway as the input from thermoreceptors

  • Pathways of concious and unconscious proprioception

Explicação

Questão 63 de 79

1

Gamma-motor neurons:

Selecione uma ou mais das seguintes:

  • They terminate in form of flower spray endings in peripheral part of the muscle spindle

  • Their bodies are located in intermediolateral part of the grey matter of the spinal cord (lateral horn).

  • They terminate in form of plate and trail endings on the nuclear bag and the nuclear chain fibres of muscle spindles.

  • They are lower motor neurons of the reticulospinal tract.

Explicação

Questão 64 de 79

1

Sensory input to the postcentral gyrus of the parietal lobe originates from:

Selecione uma ou mais das seguintes:

  • Mechanoreceptors of the vestibular organ.

  • Mechanoreceptors of the organ of Corti.

  • Annulospiral endings and flower spray ending of muscle spindles and Golgi tendon organs

  • Nociceptors of the slow pain pathways.

Explicação

Questão 65 de 79

1

Excitation-contraction coupling in SMOOTH muscle cells involves following events EXCEPT for:

Selecione uma ou mais das seguintes:

  • Inward calcium current via the ryanodine receptor of the cellular membrane.

  • Activation of the IP3 receptor of the sarcoplasmic reticulum.

  • Shortening of sarcomere

  • Formation of calcium-calmodulin complex.

Explicação

Questão 66 de 79

1

Which statements concerning audition are right?

Selecione uma ou mais das seguintes:

  • Conduction deafness develops in effect of damage of the cochlea of the inner ear.

  • In conduction deafness, bone conduction of sound is better/longer than air conduction in Rinne test.

  • In Schwabach test, bone conduction of sound of the healthy examiner is better than bone conduction of the patient suffering from sensorineural loss of hearing.

  • In Weber test, sound lateralizes (is heard louder) toward defected ear in conduction deafness.

Explicação

Questão 67 de 79

1

Lidocaine, commonly used agent for local anesthesia, blocks action of the fast voltage-gated sodium channel. Identify effects you expect:

Selecione uma ou mais das seguintes:

  • It produces postsynaptic inhibition decreasing neural excitability.

  • It produces presynaptic inhibition within neural axons decreasing their threshold of excitability.

  • It increases the amount of GABA – spinal neurotransmitter producing IPSP

  • It has no effect on the threshold of excitability of neurons.

  • It creates anesthetic effect by interrupting of propagation of the exteroception, including pain, via nerves.

Explicação

Questão 68 de 79

1

Which of following are elements of the reflex arc of the inverse-stretch reflex?

Selecione uma ou mais das seguintes:

  • Alpha-motor neuron projecting its axon to skeletal muscle cells.

  • Excitatory interneuron of the spinal cord.

  • The muscle spindle aligned parallel to extrafusal muscle fibers.

  • Alpha-motor neuron projecting its axon to the flexor muscles of the ipsilateral limb.

  • Golgi tendon organ.

  • Sensory protoneuron of the dorsal root ganglion collecting input from A delta fiber.

  • Sensory protoneuron of the dorsal root ganglion collecting input from A alpha sensory fiber.

Explicação

Questão 69 de 79

1

In myopia

Selecione uma ou mais das seguintes:

  • Far point of vision can be located even 1 meter from the eye.

  • It is related to increased focal length of the eyeball.

  • It is related to decreased focal length of the eyeball.

  • Far objects are focused on retina while near objects behind the retina.

  • Near objects are focused on retina while far objects in front of the retina.

Explicação

Questão 70 de 79

1

Identify right statements concerning SLOW PAIN:

Selecione uma ou mais das seguintes:

  • It is modulated by inhibitory interneurons of substantia gelatinosa of the dorsal horn.

  • It is transmitted by unmyelinated C-fibers.

  • It is conducted via midline and intralaminar nuclei of the thalamus to the cingulate gyrus of the cortex.

  • It is not transmitted to the cerebral cortex, it reaches only limbic system and hypothalamus.

  • It is “bright”, easily localized pain, transmitted by Ad-fibers (A delta).

  • It is intensified by neurons of substantia gelatinosa (SG).

Explicação

Questão 71 de 79

1

Left optic tract aggregates axons of ganglion cells from:

Selecione uma ou mais das seguintes:

  • Temporal half of the left retina.

  • Temporal half of the right retina.

  • Nasal half of the left retina.

  • Nasal half of the right retina.

  • Both right hemiretinas (right halves of both retinas)

Explicação

Questão 72 de 79

1

Which of following statements properly concern inhibitory interneurons of the spinal cord:

Selecione uma ou mais das seguintes:

  • Renshaw cells receive the output from alpha motor neurons and perform their recurrent inhibition.

  • Inhibitory interneurons are involved in eliciting myotatic reflexes.

  • In effect of reciprocal innervation, inhibitory interneurons bring relaxation of extensor muscles in withdrawal reflex.

  • Inhibitory interneurons of the cord are mostly GABAergic, mediating IPSP and cellular hyperpolarization via GABAA receptor.

Explicação

Questão 73 de 79

1

​Purkinje​ cells in Basal Ganglia of cerebellar cortex ?

Selecione uma ou mais das seguintes:

  • Receive efferent fibers from deep cerebellar cortex

  • Exited by climbing fibers

  • Inhibited by mossy fibers

  • Connected with caudate nucleus

Explicação

Questão 74 de 79

1

What is true?

Selecione uma ou mais das seguintes:

  • Granule cells strongly excites purkinje cells

  • Climbing cells are from inferior olivary nucleus

  • Climbing cells can excite mossy fibers

  • Granule cells are part of cerebellum

Explicação

Questão 75 de 79

1

True about ​gamma​ motor neurons:

Selecione uma ou mais das seguintes:

  • They maintain activity of Ia afferent

  • They detect the length of extrafusal muscle fibres

  • They produce contraction of nuclear bag and chain fibres

  • They stimulate the activity of Ib fibres

Explicação

Questão 76 de 79

1

Location of ​cholinergic​ receptors:

Selecione uma ou mais das seguintes:

  • Endocrine cells of medulla of adrenal gland

  • Sarcolemma of smooth muscle cells of urinary bladder

  • Sarcolemma of skeletal muscle cells

  • Sarcolemma of smooth muscle cells of systemic veins -

Explicação

Questão 77 de 79

1

What statement is ​right​ concerning ​beta​ rhythm:

Selecione uma ou mais das seguintes:

  • Appears when patients eyes are open

  • Low frequencies high amplitude in NREM sleep

  • Forms sleep spindles in EEG

  • Appears over occipital lobes when eyes are closed

  • Measured mostly on frontal lobe for conscious thought

Explicação

Questão 78 de 79

1

Dark adaptation of the eye:

Selecione uma ou mais das seguintes:

  • Degeneration of rhodopsin

  • Regeneration of light sensitive of rhodopsin

  • Constriction of pupil

  • Dilation of pupil

  • Increased sensitivity of retina for light

Explicação

Questão 79 de 79

1

Right statements concerning visual acuity:

Selecione uma ou mais das seguintes:

  • In the top row of the Snellen chart letters are separated by 1 arc. It can be read from 50m away

  • It is the nearest point to the eye at which an object can be brought into clear focus by accommodation

  • Is related to the smallest angle by which two points can be separated
    and still perceived as two points.

  • Is determined by ophthalmoscope

Explicação