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HPS202 quiz Deakin uni

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HPS202 exam revision

Questão 1 de 200

1

Which of the following best describes DNA?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid, and contains all of the genetic information required for features of our bodies

  • DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid, and sends messages to our brain about how to control our bodily movements

  • DNA is an inherited script, based upon our environmental interactions early on in life

  • DNA is something that we all carry, but only utilise it in conscious situations

Explicação

Questão 2 de 200

1

If a father's sperm contains an X chromosome, when paired with a mother's egg, the resulting child:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Will not have its sex determined until after 8 weeks gestation

  • Will be male

  • Will inherit both male and female characteristics

  • Will be female

Explicação

Questão 3 de 200

1

To be expressed, a dominant gene:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Must have its pair in order to be expressed

  • Will be expressed regardless if a recessive gene is present

  • Will not be expressed if a recessive gene is present

  • Is expressed in combination with the recessive gene

Explicação

Questão 4 de 200

1

If blue eye color is a recessive gene, then in order for a person to have a phenotype of blue eyes:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Two blue eye genes must be present

  • As long as one blue eye gene is present, the trait will be expressed in the phenotype

  • Blue eye color is expressed randomly, there is no genetic pattern

  • Blue eye recessive genes will dominate over dominant genes of, for example, brown eyes

Explicação

Questão 5 de 200

1

A gene showing co-dominance:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Has one allele that is dominant to the other

  • Has two alleles that are equal in dominance

  • Has alleles linked tightly on the same chromosome

  • Has alleles which are recessive to each other

Explicação

Questão 6 de 200

1

Identify the differences between a genotype and phenotype:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • A genotype is the genes carried by a person; the phenotype is the observable expression of the genes

  • A phenotype is the genes carried by a person; the genotype is the observable expression of the genes

  • A genotype carries all of the genes from your mother; A phenotype carries all of the genes from your father

  • A genotype is the observable expression of the genes; A phenotype is all of the alleles that you carry

Explicação

Questão 7 de 200

1

Place the three phases of prenatal development in the correct procedural order:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Germinal, foetal, embryonic

  • Germinal, embryonic, foetal

  • Embryonic, germinal, foetal

  • Embryonic, foetal, germinal

Explicação

Questão 8 de 200

1

Which of the following correctly matches the layers of the embryonic disc with the structures that they form, with ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm respectively?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • the nervous system, skin and hair; muscles, bones, circulatory system and other internal organs; the digestive system, lungs, urinary tract and glands

  • the digestive system, lungs, urinary tract and glands; muscles, bones, circulatory system and other internal organs; the nervous system, skin and hair

  • muscles, bones, circulatory system and other internal organs; the digestive system, lungs, urinary tract and glands; the nervous system, skin and hair

  • the nervous system, skin and hair; the digestive system, lungs, urinary tract and glands; muscles, bones, circulatory system and other internal organs

Explicação

Questão 9 de 200

1

Which of the following occur during the embryonic period?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • All basic organs of the body are formed, and the embryo begins to respond to direct stimulation

  • Organs take on their final form and begin to function

  • An inner membrane, called the amnion, forms a watertight sac with amniotic fluid to protect the developing organism

  • Implantation

Explicação

Questão 10 de 200

1

During which trimester does the foetus begin to move and kick, as well as develop the sucking and swallowing complexes?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Trimester 1

  • Trimester 2

  • Trimester 3

  • Within two weeks of birth

Explicação

Questão 11 de 200

1

During which trimester does the foetus respond reflexively to touch on the face?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Trimester 1

  • Trimester 2

  • Trimester 3

  • Between trimester 2 and 3

Explicação

Questão 12 de 200

1

During which trimester does the brain indicate periods of sleep and wakefulness?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Trimester 1

  • Trimester 2

  • Trimester 3

  • From implantation

Explicação

Questão 13 de 200

1

Which of the following is NOT true regarding teratogens?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • A teratogen is an agent which can cause birth defects

  • A teratogen causes speedier and healthier development

  • Some common teratogens include alcohol, tobacco, some STIs, illicit and prescribed drugs

  • Teratogens are usually something in the environment that the mother is exposed to during pregnancy

Explicação

Questão 14 de 200

1

Which of the following is an example of how environmental influences can impact on our genetics?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • A child grows to be very tall, like his mother and father

  • A boy learns to play the guitar from his father

  • A neglected child still creates meaningful attachments later in life

  • A neglected and malnourished child does not grow to be very tall, despite having tall parents

Explicação

Questão 15 de 200

1

The frontal lobe of the brain is the last to develop, and often does not reach maturity until early adulthood. Which of the following are functions of the frontal lobes?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Reasoning, decision making, and executive functioning

  • Imagining, memory, and risk taking

  • Taste, touch, smell, hearing and sight

  • Emotional reactions to fear-inducing stimuli

Explicação

Questão 16 de 200

1

Which of the following is true of Erikson's psychosocial stage 'Trust V Mistrust'?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Occurs from birth-18 moths; a key event during this period is exploration. To resolve this crisis, the child must be able to safely explore and engage with their environment.

  • Occurs from 2-3 years old; a key event during this period is feeding. Trust is developed when caregivers consistently meet the child's needs.

  • Occurs from 2-3 years; a key event during this period is exploration. To resolve this crisis, the child must be able to safely explore and engage with their environment.

  • Occurs from birth-18 months; a key event during this period is feeding. Trust is developed when caregivers consistently meet the child's needs.

Explicação

Questão 17 de 200

1

Which of the following is true of Erikson's psychosocial stage 'Autonomy V Shame and Doubt'?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Occurs at 2-3 years of age; a key event during this period is toilet training. Autonomy is achieved when children can develop a sense of personal control over physical skills.

  • Occurs at 6-11 years of age; a key event during this period is feeding. To achieve autonomy, the child must be able to source their own food and necessary supplies.

  • Occurs at birth-18 months; a key event during this period is toilet training. Autonomy is achieved when children can develop a sense of personal control over physical skills.

  • Occurs at 6-11 years of age; a key event during this period is friendships. To achieve autonomy, a child must be able to make friendships without parental assistance.

Explicação

Questão 18 de 200

1

Which of the following is true of Erikson's psychosocial stage 'Intiative V Guilt'?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Occurs from 3-5 years; a key event during this period is exploration. Children need to establish power and control over their environment, leading them to a sense of purpose.

  • Occurs from 3-5 years; a key event during this period is pre-school. Children need to cope with new social and academic demands.

  • Occurs from 6-11 years; a key event during this period is school. Children need to cope with new social and academic demands.

  • Occurs from 2-3 years; a key event during this period is exploration. Children need to establish power and control over their environment, leading them to a sense of purpose.

Explicação

Questão 19 de 200

1

Which of the following is true of Erikson's psychosocial stage 'Industry V Inferiority'?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Occurs from 6-11 years; a key event during this period is schooling. Industry is achieved when the child is able to cope with the new social and academic demands.

  • Occurs from 3-5 years; a key event during this period is schooling. Industry is achieved when the child is able to cope with the new social and academic demands.

  • Occurs from 6-11 years; a key event during this period is social relationships. Success is achieved when children feel valued and useful within their friendship groups.

  • Occurs from 3-5 years; a key event during this period is social relationships. Success is achieved when children feel valued and useful within their friendship groups.

Explicação

Questão 20 de 200

1

Which of the following is true of Erikson's psychosocial stage 'Identity V Role Confusion'?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Occurs from 12-18 years; a key event during this period is social relationships. Success in this stage leads to a formed ability to develop a sense of self and stay to true to oneself.

  • Occurs from 6-11 years; a key event during this period is social relationships. Success in this stage leads to a formed ability to develop a sense of self and stay to true to oneself.

  • Occurs from 12-18 years; a key event during this period is intimate relationships. Success in this stage is achieved when individuals are able to develop an identity in combination with their partner.

  • Occurs from 19-40 years; a key event during this period is intimate relationships. Success in this stage is achieved when individuals are able to develop an identity in combination with their partner.

Explicação

Questão 21 de 200

1

Which of the following is true of Erikson's psychosocial stage 'Intimacy V Isolation'?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Occurs from 19-40 years; a key event during this period is relationships. Intimacy is achieved when the individual can form intimate, loving relationships with others.

  • Occurs from 12-18 years; a key event during this period is relationships. Intimacy is achieved when the individual can form intimate, loving relationships with others.

  • Occurs from 19-40 years; a key event during this period is relationships. Success in this stage is achieved when the individual is able to interact with people in passing.

  • Occurs from 12-18 years; a key event during this period is relationships. Intimacy is achieved when the individual engages in sexual activity.

Explicação

Questão 22 de 200

1

Which of the following statements accurately describes the most sophisticated self-theory seen during late adolescence?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • "I am a boy, I am five, and I like playing sport"

  • "I am a feminist, I am creative, and I support the Labor party"

  • "I am a feminist, I am creative, and I support the Labor party. I am happy and extroverted with friends, but sad and quiet at home"

  • "I am a female, and I am usually happy, and I am in high school"

Explicação

Questão 23 de 200

1

Which of the following statements accurately describes identity diffusion?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • I haven't really thought about who I am, or who I am going to be yet.

  • My parents are Catholic, so I am going to be Catholic.

  • I have considered many religions, including Catholicism, which I was raised as. I have decided to convert to Buddhism.

  • I was brought up being taught how to run the family farm, but I am considering other career options currently.

Explicação

Questão 24 de 200

1

Which of the following statements accurately describes identity foreclosure?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • My parents were doctors, so I will be too.

  • I have not thought about who I am, or what I want to be.

  • I believe I want to be a doctor, I am just making my final decisions about it now.

  • My parents were doctors, but I am looking into being a vet.

Explicação

Questão 25 de 200

1

Which of the following statements accurately describes identity moratorium?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • I have been brought up Christian, but am currently looking into Catholicism.

  • My parents were Christian, therefore I will be too.

  • I haven't given any thought as to who I am or who I want to be.

  • I have considered many options, and have decided to practice Buddhism.

Explicação

Questão 26 de 200

1

Which of the following statements accurately describes identity achievement?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • I have considered many different career options, and I have decided that I am going to be a doctor.

  • My parents were doctors so I am going to be a doctor also.

  • Because my parents were doctors and unhappy, I am going to do something other than be a doctor.

  • My parents were doctors, but I am looking into some career options of my own.

Explicação

Questão 27 de 200

1

Which of the following do NOT have a major influence on identify formation?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Cognitive development and scholastic opportunities

  • Parental relationships and influence

  • Sociocultural influences

  • Emotional regulation

Explicação

Questão 28 de 200

1

At what age does gender constancy occur?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • 5-7 years

  • 2-4 years

  • 3-5 years

  • 6-8 years

Explicação

Questão 29 de 200

1

At what age does gender-typed behaviour begin?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • 2 years

  • 3 years

  • 5 years

  • 12 years

Explicação

Questão 30 de 200

1

During which period are racial and prejudicial attitudes influenced by parents most strongly?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • At 3 years

  • At 7 years

  • Adolescence

  • Adulthood

Explicação

Questão 31 de 200

1

The child may be engaged in seemingly random movements, with no clear objective. This best describes which type of play?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Unoccupied play

  • Solitary play

  • Onlooker play

  • Multi-dimension play

Explicação

Questão 32 de 200

1

The child plays alone with different toys or other objects, and with no direct or indirect awareness of or involvement with other children, even if nearby. This best describes which type of play?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Solitary play

  • Onlooker play

  • Unoccupied play

  • Only-child play

Explicação

Questão 33 de 200

1

The child watches others play without actually entering into the activities. The child is clearly involved with what is happening, and is usually within speaking distance of the participants. This best describes which type of play?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Onlooker play

  • Solitary play

  • Unoccupied play

  • Excluded play

Explicação

Questão 34 de 200

1

Involves two or more children playing side-by-side in close proximity and with an awareness of each other's presence, often with the same toy or enjoying similar activity, but do not share toys, talk, or interact except in very minimal ways. This best describes which type of play?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Parallel play

  • Associative play

  • Cooperative play

  • Solitary play

Explicação

Questão 35 de 200

1

Children engage in a common activity and talk about it with each other, but do not assign tasks or roles to particular individuals and are not very clear about common goals. This describes best which type of play?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Onlooker play

  • Parallel play

  • Cooperative play

  • Associative play

Explicação

Questão 36 de 200

1

Children consciously form into groups to make something, attain a goal, or dramatise a situation. One or two members organise and direct the activity with children assuming different roles and responsibilities. Which type of play does this most accurately describe?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Group play

  • Parallel play

  • Cooperative play

  • Associative play

Explicação

Questão 37 de 200

1

Identify the categories of Grussec and Lytton's play typology:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Functional, constructive, pretend, and games with rules

  • Onlooker, parallel, associative, and cooperative play

  • Solitary, onlooker, parallel, and cooperative

  • Functional, fine motor, pretend, and gross motor

Explicação

Questão 38 de 200

1

What emotions are present from birth?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Interest, disgust, and contentment

  • Disgust, contentment, and discomfort

  • Anger, sadness, and joy

  • Surprise, joy, and anger

Explicação

Questão 39 de 200

1

What emotions appear in the 2-7 month period in infants?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Anger, sadness, joy, and surprise

  • Interest, disgust, and contentment

  • Embarassment, shame, and guilt

  • Envy, pride, and happiness

Explicação

Questão 40 de 200

1

Self-conscious emotions (including embarrassment, shame, guilt, envy, and pride), are called so because:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Each involves some damage or enhancement to our sense of self

  • Each is detrimental to our sense of self

  • Each improves our sense of self

  • Each requires self-recognition and an understanding of rules or standards for evaluating one's conduct

Explicação

Questão 41 de 200

1

Self-evaluative emotions, including shame, guilt and pride, are called so because:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • They either enhance or are detrimental to our sense of self

  • They are detrimental to our sense of self

  • They enhance our sense of self

  • They require self-recognition and an understanding of rules or standards for evaluating one's conduct

Explicação

Questão 42 de 200

1

Regarding emotional display rules, which of the following is FALSE:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Emotional display rules vary across cultures

  • Every culture has similar or the same emotional display rules

  • A child who feigns pleasure at a displeasing present has mastered Westernised emotional display rules

  • At age 3, children can begin to disguise, suppress, and replace emotions

Explicação

Questão 43 de 200

1

Social referencing beings to occur at 7-10 months. This refers to:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Using others' emotional expressions to infer the meaning of otherwise ambiguous situations

  • If other people are happy, the infant will display this emotion also

  • Infants learn facial expressions and emotions from others, and put these into use at a later date

  • Children learn emotional display rules from social referencing

Explicação

Questão 44 de 200

1

The 3 components of emotional competence include:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Competent emotional expressivity, competent emotional regulation, and competent emotional knowledge

  • Competent in being quiet and still, competent behavioural skills, and competent communication of emotions

  • Competent emotional expressivity, competent in raising the moods of others, and competent social referencing

  • Competent in maintaining positive moods, competent communication skills, and competent emotional knowledge

Explicação

Questão 45 de 200

1

There are six dimensions to temperaments. Identify which of the following is NOT one of these core dimensions:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Fearful distress

  • Irritable distress

  • Positive affect

  • Activity level

  • Attention span/persistence

  • Rhythmicity

  • Desire for social engagement

Explicação

Questão 46 de 200

1

Thomas and Chess' notion of 'goodness of fit' refers to:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Development being optimised when parents' child rearing practices are sensitively adapted to the child's temperamental characteristics

  • Development being delayed when parents' child rearing practices are sensitively adapted to the child's temperamental characteristics

  • Development being optimised when parents' child rearing practices are standardised regardless of temperament

  • Development is delayed if parents do not adjust their lives properly around their children

Explicação

Questão 47 de 200

1

Identify the correct order in which the phases of attachment occur:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Social phase, the phase of indiscriminate attachments, the specific attachment phase, and the phase of multiple attachments

  • The phase of indiscriminate attachments, the specific attachment phase, the phase of multiple attachments, and the social phase

  • Social phase, the specific attachment phase, the phase of indiscriminate attachments, and the phase of multiple attachments

  • The phase of multiple attachments, the specific attachment phase, the phase of indiscriminate attachments, and the social phase,

Explicação

Questão 48 de 200

1

"To love you, I must know you will always be there". This statement refers most closely to which of the following theories of attachment?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Psychoanalytic theory

  • Learning theory

  • Cognitive developmental theory

  • Ethological theory

Explicação

Questão 49 de 200

1

Stranger anxiety occurs at _____, and is _______________:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • 7-9 months; a wary or fretful reaction when infant is approached by an unfamiliar person

  • 9-18 months; a wary or fretful reaction when infant is approached by an unfamiliar person

  • 7-9 months; a wary or fretful reaction when infant is separated from the person(s) to whom they are securely attached

  • 9-18 months; a wary or fretful reaction when infant is separated from the person(s) to whom they are securely attached

Explicação

Questão 50 de 200

1

Separation anxiety occurs at _____, and is ____________:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • 6-9 months; a wary or fretful reaction when infants are separated from the person(s) to whom they are securely attached

  • 9-18 months; a wary or fretful reaction when infants are separated from the person(s) to whom they are securely attached

  • 6-9 months; a wary or fretful reaction when infants are approached by a stranger

  • 9-18 months; a wary or fretful reaction when infants are separated from their home environment

Explicação

Questão 51 de 200

1

Four types of attachment types have been proposed. These include __________,__________, __________, and __________. The most common type of attachment is __________.

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Secure, resistant, avoidant, and disorganised; secure

  • Secure, resistant, avoidant, and disorganised; disorganised

  • Secure, wary, infactuated, and disorganised; secure

  • Secure, wary, infactuated, and disorganised; infactuated

Explicação

Questão 52 de 200

1

A child who has a secure attachment has most likely experienced:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Positive attitudes from parents, and parents are sensitive to infant's needs

  • Mostly positive attitudes from parents, but the parents often have bursts of anger

  • Parents are inflexible in their schedules, only providing care for the child at specific times

  • Positive attitudes from strangers, and strangers are sensitive to infant's needs

Explicação

Questão 53 de 200

1

A child who has a positive model of themselves, but a negative model of others (according to the 'working models' theory), most likely has which attachment type:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Avoidant attachment

  • Secure attachment

  • Resistant attachment

  • Disorganised attachment

Explicação

Questão 54 de 200

1

A child has only ever known their family dog-a small chihuahua. Upon seeing a large Labrador, his mother explains that this is also a dog. The child therefore adds this image to his existing schema of dogs. This is a process best known as:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Assimilation

  • Accommodation

  • Maturation

  • Reflexive learning

Explicação

Questão 55 de 200

1

Identify the correct ordering of the 6 substages of Piaget's sensorimotor period:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Simple reflexes, primary circular reactions, secondary circular reactions, coordination of secondary circular reactions, tertiary circular motions, and beginnings of thought.

  • Simple reflexes, primary circular reactions, secondary circular reactions, tertiary circular reactions, coordination of secondary reactions, and beginnings of thought.

  • Beginnings of thought, simple reflexes, primary circular reactions, secondary circular reactions, tertiary circular reactions, and coordination of secondary reactions.

  • Beginnings of thought, primary circular reactions, secondary circular reactions, tertiary circular reactions, coordination of secondary reactions, and simple reflexes.

Explicação

Questão 56 de 200

1

Which of the following is NOT a limitation of children's thinking during Piaget's preoperational stage?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Centration

  • Lack of knowledge regarding conservation

  • Egocentrism

  • Object permanence

Explicação

Questão 57 de 200

1

The concrete operational stage refers to the ability to solve problems regarding:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Tangible objects

  • Abstract problems

  • Hypothetical-deductive reasoning

  • Theorising cause and effect

Explicação

Questão 58 de 200

1

Which of the following is NOT something a child learns to do in the formal operational stage:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Solve abstract problems

  • Use hypothetical-deductive reasoning

  • Apply logic to situations

  • Understand knowledge of conservation

Explicação

Questão 59 de 200

1

When a child is aggressive, but their main goal is to gain access to objects, space, or privileges, this aggression is best described as:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Immature aggression

  • Hostile aggression

  • Instrumental aggression

  • Relational aggression

Explicação

Questão 60 de 200

1

The stages of the social information-processing theory of aggression are: encode, interpret, ________, generate possible strategies, __________, and ___________.

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Formulate a goal; evaluate which strategy to employ; enact response

  • Evaluate which strategy to employ; enact response, evaluate enacted strategy

  • Formulate a goal; enact first response; enact scond response

  • Evaluate which strategy to employ; enact first response; enact scond response

Explicação

Questão 61 de 200

1

Which of the following is NOT shown to be common in the nature of bullies:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • May have been bullied themselves

  • Have high self esteem

  • Have low self esteem

  • View aggression positively

Explicação

Questão 62 de 200

1

Which one of the following is NOT a stage in Piaget's theory of moral development?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Pre-moral

  • Heternomous

  • Autonomous

  • Socially-defined

Explicação

Questão 63 de 200

1

If someone said that they would cheat if they knew that they would not get caught, then they would be considered to be in the ________ level of morality, in stage __.

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Preconventional; 1

  • Preconventional; 2

  • Postconventional; 6

  • Conventional; 3

Explicação

Questão 64 de 200

1

If an individual said that they would let you copy their homework, if they could also copy yours from another subject, then this individual would be placed in the ____ level of morality, in stage __.

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Preconventional; 2

  • Conventional; 3

  • Conventional; 4

  • Preconventional; 1

Explicação

Questão 65 de 200

1

If an individual decided not to do something to someone, because they want to be liked by them, then this individual would be considered to be in the _____ level of morality, in stage __.

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Conventional; 3

  • Conventional; 4

  • Pre-conventional; 2

  • Post-conventional; 5

Explicação

Questão 66 de 200

1

If a child says "you can't do that, because the teacher said not to!", you can assume that they are in the ____ level of morality, in stage __.

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Conventional; 4

  • Conventional; 3

  • Preconventional; 2

  • Postconventional; 5

Explicação

Questão 67 de 200

1

In Kohlberg's scenario of the man stealing the medicine for his wife because he couldn't afford it, if an individual stated that this may have been a case where the rule needed breaking, you could assume that they are in ______ level of morality, and in stage __.

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Post-conventional; 5

  • Post-conventional; 6

  • Conventional; 3

  • Conventional; 4

Explicação

Questão 68 de 200

1

If an individual is acting consistently in such a way that they believe is right, regardless of punishment, or laws, this person is probably in the ______ level of morality, in stage __.

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Post-conventional; 6

  • Conventional; 3

  • Post-conventional; 5

  • Conventional; 4

Explicação

Questão 69 de 200

1

The basic units of sound refers to:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Phonemes

  • Morphemes

  • Semantics

  • Pragmatics

Explicação

Questão 70 de 200

1

The word 'elephant' is an example of a ____ morpheme, whereas '-s' is an example of a _____ morpheme.

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Free; bound

  • Bound; free

  • Pragmatic; semantic

  • Semantic; pragmatic

Explicação

Questão 71 de 200

1

Rules that specify how words are to be combined to form meaningful phrases and sentences refers to:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Syntax

  • Semantics

  • Pragmatics

  • Morphology

Explicação

Questão 72 de 200

1

The suggestion that language is learned by imitation (of adults) and reinforcement, is most strongly correlated with the _______________ theory of language development.

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Learning/empiricist

  • Nativist

  • Interactionist

  • Cognitive

Explicação

Questão 73 de 200

1

At what ages does 'cooing' begin (e.g. 'ooh' and 'aaah')?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • 2 months

  • 4-6 months

  • From birth

  • 7 months

Explicação

Questão 74 de 200

1

At what age does babbling (consonants added to speech, although words do not convey meaning) occur?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • 4-6 months

  • 2 months

  • 10-12 months

  • 8 months

Explicação

Questão 75 de 200

1

At what age do infants begin to reserve certain sounds for certain situations (for example, 'mm' when making requests, thus indicating knowledge of meaning)?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • 2 months

  • 4-6 months

  • 6-8 months

  • 10-12 months

Explicação

Questão 76 de 200

1

At what age do gestures and non-verbal responses tend to begin?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • 7 months

  • 4-6 months

  • 10-12 months

  • 8-10 months

Explicação

Questão 77 de 200

1

Pointing at something to draw attention to it is an example of a(n) ________ gesture, whereas by tugging on a caregiver's leg, indicating that they want to be picked up, is a(n) ________ gesture.

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Declarative; imperative

  • Imperative; declarative

  • Indicative; meaningful

  • Meaningful; indicative

Explicação

Questão 78 de 200

1

Using one word to represent a sentence (e.g. 'ball', to represent 'I want the ball'), is an example of a:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Holophrase

  • Monophrase

  • Telegraphic phrase

  • Immature sentence

Explicação

Questão 79 de 200

1

Comprehension via the process of fast-mapping occurs at ______, but is not expressive until ______.

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • 13-15 months; 24-30 months

  • 15-18 months; 18-24 months

  • 12-14 months; 18-24 months

  • 12-24 months; 24-36 months

Explicação

Questão 80 de 200

1

When a child speaks using only critical words to a sentence, for example, 'kitty go, ' this is an example of:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Holophrases

  • Telegraphic speech

  • Dual phrases

  • Pragmatic speech

Explicação

Questão 81 de 200

1

When a child says 'I runned' instead of 'I ran', this is an example of:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Speech error

  • Overregulation

  • Pragmatic development

  • Motherese

Explicação

Questão 82 de 200

1

At what age can children understand illocutionary intent (underlying meaning)?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • 3 years

  • 1 year

  • 2 years

  • 4 years

Explicação

Questão 83 de 200

1

Which of the following is NOT part of criteria A for ASD?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Persistent deficits in social communication and social interactions across multiple contexts

  • Deficits in nonverbal communicative behaviours used for social interaction

  • Deficits in developing, maintaining, and understanding relationships

  • Restricted, repetitive patterns of behaviour, interests, or activities

Explicação

Questão 84 de 200

1

Which of the following are NOT part of criteria B for ASD? Restricted, repetitive patterns of behaviour, interest, or activities over at least two of the following:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Stereotyped or repetitive motor movements

  • Use of objects or speech

  • Highly restricted, fixated interests that are abnormal in intensity or focus

  • Insistence on different routines every day

Explicação

Questão 85 de 200

1

In higher functioning individuals with ASD, what is the male:female ratio of prevalence?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • 4:1

  • 9:1

  • !:1

  • 4:2

Explicação

Questão 86 de 200

1

Which of the following is NOT a proposed causal factor of ASD?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Weaker central coherence

  • Extreme male brain

  • Extreme female brain

  • Executive functioning disabilities

Explicação

Questão 87 de 200

1

Under the DSM-V criteria, the prevalence for ADHD is said to be __. The concordance rate between monozygotic twins is up to __.

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • 8%; 80%

  • 80%; 8%

  • 18%; 80%

  • 80%; 18%

Explicação

Questão 88 de 200

1

Which of the following is NOT an explanation used to explain why ASD is less prevalent in females?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Females may have innately better social skills

  • Diagnoses may not recognize female manifestations of ASD

  • Females may have a larger innate desire to socialise

  • Females possess the Y chromosome, thus exposing them less to the disorder

Explicação

Questão 89 de 200

1

Which of the following is NOT a presentation of ADHD?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • ADHD predominantly inattentive presentation

  • ADHD predominantly hyperactive/impulsive presentation

  • ADHD combined presentation

  • ADHD attention-deficit presentation

Explicação

Questão 90 de 200

1

Which of the following is NOT required for a diagnosis of ADHD?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • If the individual is <17, 6 diagnostic criteria must be present

  • If the individual is >17, 5 diagnostic criteria must be present

  • Symptoms must be present before 12 years of age

  • The individual must have a co-existing psychotic disorder

Explicação

Questão 91 de 200

1

There is no evidence to suggest that ADHD is a brain-based dysfunction

Selecione uma das opções:

  • VERDADEIRO
  • FALSO

Explicação

Questão 92 de 200

1

Which of the following is the most effective treatment for ADHD?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Stimulants such as Ritalin, Dexedrine, and Amphetamines

  • Cognitive Behaviour Therapy

  • Cognitive Behaviour Therapy in combination with stimulants such as Ritalin, Dexedrine, and Amphetamines

  • This disorder resolves with age and maturity

Explicação

Questão 93 de 200

1

Which of the following is not a risk factor for Schizophrenia?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Prenatal stressors

  • Drug use/abuse

  • Obstetric complications

  • Living within a functional family environment

Explicação

Questão 94 de 200

1

The average age of onset for Schizophrenia is __ in men, and __ in women.

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • 18; 25

  • 25; 18

  • 18; 18

  • 18; 22

Explicação

Questão 95 de 200

1

Schizophrenia tends to affect ___ more predominantly, with a(n) ______ onset, and generally more severe symptoms

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Men; earlier

  • Men; later

  • Females; earlier

  • Females; later

Explicação

Questão 96 de 200

1

(RE Schizophrenia) In 10 years post-diagnosis, ___ of patients completely recover, and ___ are much improved

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • 25%; 25%

  • 25%; 50%

  • 50%; 25%

  • One in 3 individuals diagnosed

Explicação

Questão 97 de 200

1

Violence towards others is a symptom of Schizophrenia

Selecione uma das opções:

  • VERDADEIRO
  • FALSO

Explicação

Questão 98 de 200

1

Which of the following is NOT part of the neurobiological explanation for schizophrenia?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Imbalances of dopamine and glutamate exist

  • Ventricles in the brain are larger

  • There tends to be less grey matter in the brain

  • There tends to be more white matter in the brain

Explicação

Questão 99 de 200

1

Which of the following is a negative symptom of Schizophrenia?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Hallucinations

  • Delusions

  • Flat affect

  • Movement disorders

Explicação

Questão 100 de 200

1

Eating disorders affect approximately __ of the Australian population

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • 9%

  • 15%

  • 11%

  • 21%

Explicação

Questão 101 de 200

1

Which of the following is NOT a long-term consequence of eating disorders?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Social isoloation

  • Increased social support

  • Medical complications

  • Psychological illness

Explicação

Questão 102 de 200

1

Which of the following distinguishes Bulimia from Binge-Eating disorder?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Bulimia does not involve compensatory behaviours for binge eating, whereas binge-eating disorder does

  • Bulimia involves compensatory behaviours for binge eating, whereas binge-eating disorder does not

  • Bulimia does not involve binge eating, whereas binge-eating disorder does

  • Bulimia compensatory behaviours include only exercise, whereas binge-eating disorder compensatory behaviours include laxative and enema abuse.

Explicação

Questão 103 de 200

1

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for developing an eating disorder?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Having diabetes

  • Having an obsession with food and dieting

  • Going to a public high school

  • Living in Westernised cultures

Explicação

Questão 104 de 200

1

Which of the following is true of the proximodistal principle?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Controlling your hand before your arm

  • Controlling your fingers before your hand

  • Controlling your foot before your toes

  • Controlling your toes before your foot

Explicação

Questão 105 de 200

1

Which of the following is true of the cephalocaudal principle?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Controlling your torso before your legs

  • Controlling your legs before your torso

  • Controlling your legs before your arms

  • Controlling your feet before your hands

Explicação

Questão 106 de 200

1

At what age are children considered to be at the 'schematic' stage of drawing?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • 6 years

  • 5 years

  • 4 years

  • 8 years

Explicação

Questão 107 de 200

1

Which of the following is NOT a proposed effect of sport in child development?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Poorer academic grades

  • Improved heart and lung function

  • Lower obesity rates

  • Improved sleep

Explicação

Questão 108 de 200

1

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of dyspraxia?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Delayed milestones

  • Deficits in memory

  • Deficits in attention

  • Facial abnormalities

Explicação

Questão 109 de 200

1

Which of the following is not a suggested treatment for dyspraxia?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Providing scaffolding and practice for the child

  • Adapting the environment to the child's needs

  • Engaging specific training

  • Routing the child to achieve milestones earlier than their peers

Explicação

Questão 110 de 200

1

Which of the following are NOT factors that may impair motor development?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Muscle tone and strength

  • Motor planning

  • Sensory processing

  • Emotional regulation

Explicação

Questão 111 de 200

1

Which of the following is not an example of a teratogen in pregnant women?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Blood disorders

  • Temperature

  • Diet

  • Personality

Explicação

Questão 112 de 200

1

DNA is:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • The information coded in genes that is then copied onto Ribonucleic acid (RNA)

  • Comprised of Ribonucleic acid (RNA)

  • The biological structure underpinning every human attribute and trait

  • The unchangeable, static biological blueprint we all possess

Explicação

Questão 113 de 200

1

When we inherit characteristics from our parents, the form of genetic transmission is via:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Dominant alleles and recessive alleles

  • Dominant alleles, but not recessive alleles

  • Co-dominant alleles

  • Dominant, recessive and co-dominant alleles

Explicação

Questão 114 de 200

1

If I have two blue-eyed parents and I have brown eyes, I can say that my brown eyes are:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • An indication that I was probably adopted

  • A phenotypic manifestation of my genotype

  • A genotypic manifestation of my phenotype

  • Unrelated to my genetic inheritance

Explicação

Questão 115 de 200

1

Organogenesis occurs during the:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Foetal gestational period

  • Germinal period

  • Embryonic period

  • Foetal period

Explicação

Questão 116 de 200

1

A synapse is

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • A connection between neurons

  • Empty spaces between neurons

  • The fatty sheath covering neurons

  • The last part of the brain to develop

Explicação

Questão 117 de 200

1

During brain development in adolescence:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • The neurons are stripped of their myelin to facilitate quicker transmission between neurons

  • The brain has already reached full maturity and only changes when we learn skills

  • Synapses are pruned and myelin developed

  • More synapses are created rapidly to deal with larger amounts of information processing

Explicação

Questão 118 de 200

1

Bones and other internal organs develop from

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • The introderm

  • The ectoderm

  • The endoderm

  • The mesoderm

Explicação

Questão 119 de 200

1

Children’s tendency to associate with same-sex playmates and to think of the other sex as an out-group is known as:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Gender segregation

  • Gender differentiation

  • Gender separation

  • Gender avoidment

Explicação

Questão 120 de 200

1

Which of the following is true of Stereotypes?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • They are widely shared knowledge structures that are learnt through socialization

  • They are always based on facts

  • They are distinct cognitive structures

  • They are widely shared knowledge structures that are learnt through socialization, AND They are distinct cognitive structures

Explicação

Questão 121 de 200

1

Children involved in a game of ‘tag’ are demonstrating which type of play?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Solitary play

  • Parallel play

  • Onlooker play

  • Cooperative play

Explicação

Questão 122 de 200

1

According to Erikson’s theory of psychosocial stages of development, children aged 6-11 years are typically dealing with which basic conflict?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • initiative versus guilt

  • initiative versus industry

  • industry versus inferiority

  • industry versus guilt

Explicação

Questão 123 de 200

1

Children generally demonstrate self recognition using the rouge test at approximately

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • 18-24 months of age

  • 15-17 months of age

  • 12-15 months of age

  • None of the above

Explicação

Questão 124 de 200

1

Which of the following have been identified as attachment-related fears in infancy:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Stranger anxiety

  • Separation Anxiety

  • Separation Anxiety AND Stranger anxiety

  • Imprinting

Explicação

Questão 125 de 200

1

Infants who construct a positive working model of both themselves and their caregivers can be expected to develop which type of attachment style to their caregiver:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Secure attachment

  • Resistant attachment

  • Avoidant attachment

  • Disorganized/disoriented attachment

Explicação

Questão 126 de 200

1

An infant who shows little distress when their mother leaves the room and seems to ignore her upon her return is likely to have which type of attachment:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Secure attachment

  • Resistant attachment

  • Avoidant attachment

  • Disorganized/disoriented attachment

Explicação

Questão 127 de 200

1

The notion that the type of attachment that an infant develops with a caregiver depends primarily on the kind of caregiving the child received from that person is known as:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • The Attachment hypothesis

  • The Caregiving hypothesis

  • The Emotional support hypothesis

  • None of the above

Explicação

Questão 128 de 200

1

A child whose behaviour is somewhat inactive and somewhat moody, and is slow to adapt to new persons and situations could be described as having which type of temperament?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Easy temperament

  • Difficult temperament

  • Slow-to-warm up temperament

  • Insecure temperament

Explicação

Questão 129 de 200

1

Social learning approaches to aggression contend that aggression is based on:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Observation and learning

  • Genetic pre-disposition

  • Neurological maturation

  • All answers provided

Explicação

Questão 130 de 200

1

Which of the following statements best summarises Dodge’s social information-processing theory of aggression?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Aggressive behaviour is the result of inferring hostile intent in others and reacting angrily.

  • Aggressive behaviour is the result of receiving a (often inadvertent) reward for aggression.

  • Aggressive behaviour depends on the social information provided to the child by the primary caregiver.

  • Aggression develops as a result of biological and cognitive maturation.

Explicação

Questão 131 de 200

1

Boys are more physically and verbally aggressive on average than girls. This is most likely due to:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Higher testosterone levels in boys.

  • Parents react more negatively to aggressive behaviours from girls than boys.

  • Parents play rougher with boys than girls.

  • All answers provided

Explicação

Questão 132 de 200

1

Maggie is supervising a play date between her daughter, Isla, and Isla’s friend Lily when she sees Isla kick Lily in an effort to avoid sharing the puzzle she is working on. Lily starts to cry. If Maggie wishes to foster compassion and altruism in Isla, the most appropriate response to Isla’s behaviour would be

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • To walk away from the situation to avoid inadvertently rewarding Isla for her aggressive behaviour.

  • To smack Isla on the bottom immediately, so that Isla makes the connection between her aggressive actions, and the punitive consequence.

  • To immediately yell at Isla and remove her from the situation.

  • To explain to Isla the harm and distress she has caused to Lily

Explicação

Questão 133 de 200

1

You are administering Piaget’s moral-decisions exercise on Laurie. You read two stories to Laurie. In story A, Bob is trying to make a surprise breakfast in bed for his mum when he accidently knocks over four glasses, breaking them. In story B, while his mother isn’t looking, Jeff tries to steal a muffin from the kitchen bench when he knocks over one glass and breaks it. After the stories, you ask Laurie which child is naughtier, Bob or Jeff. Laurie says Jeff is the naughtier child because he was trying to do something naughty. How would you classify Laurie’s stage of moral development?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Premoral

  • Heteronomous morality

  • Autonomous morality

  • Social-order-maintaining morality

Explicação

Questão 134 de 200

1

Egocentrism may best be defined as:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • A desire to play alone rather than with others

  • A lack of empathy

  • The realization that others have internal states such as emotions and desires

  • Thinking that is dominated by an infant’s own experiences, perceptions and position in space

Explicação

Questão 135 de 200

1

A child who picks up a stick and plays with it pretending it is a sword is demonstrating which of the following:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Symbolic representation

  • Achievement of Formal Operations

  • Engagement in cooperative play

  • None of the answers provided

Explicação

Questão 136 de 200

1

When children answer incorrectly in Piaget’s classic Conservation Task experiments, what cognitive developmental characteristic are they proposed to have demonstrated?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Schemes

  • Centration

  • Concrete operations

  • Symbolic representations

Explicação

Questão 137 de 200

1

Which of the following is not a characteristic of Concrete Operational Thought?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • The ability to conserve across a wide range of conservation tasks

  • The ability to manipulate mental representations about the outside to solve problems

  • The ability to reason about immediate reality

  • The ability to reason about abstract possibilities

Explicação

Questão 138 de 200

1

The ability to create and test hypotheses through systematic observation is called:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Hypothetico-deductive reasoning

  • Hypothetico-inductive reasoning

  • Observation-based reasoning

  • Piagetian reasoning

Explicação

Questão 139 de 200

1

A child who utters the sentence “ Home Daddy come” has not yet mastered the rules of

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • syntax

  • pragmatics

  • semantics

  • morphology

Explicação

Questão 140 de 200

1

When a child says ' I runned home' they demonstrate

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Exposure to poor adult language models

  • Overregularlisation errors

  • Syntactic bootstrapping

  • None of the answers provided

Explicação

Questão 141 de 200

1

According to the interactionist perspective, language development is influenced by

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Children’s cognitive development and modified language used by family members

  • An innate ‘learning activation device’ that is programmed to acquire language

  • Differential reinforcement from family as words are acquired and used

  • Appropriate exposure to language during a sensitive period of development

Explicação

Questão 142 de 200

1

What is the rate of prevalence of autism in boys compared to girls?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Boys are twice more likely to be diagnosed with autism than girls

  • Boys are half as likely to be diagnosed with autism as girls

  • The prevalence is the same

  • Boys are 3-5 times more likely to be diagnosed with autism than girls

Explicação

Questão 143 de 200

1

Given recent revisions in the diagnostic criteria for ASD, it is expected that prevalence rates will likely

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • decrease because fewer children will be diagnosed

  • decrease because fewer children will develop ASD

  • remain stable because there have been no changes to diagnostic criteria

  • increase because practitioners are more aware of the condition

Explicação

Questão 144 de 200

1

What are the main symptoms of ADHD?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Inattention, recklessness and hyperactivity

  • Impulsivity and low concentration

  • Fidgeting, inattention and hyperactivity

  • Hyperactivity and inattention

Explicação

Questão 145 de 200

1

ADHD is thought to develop due to

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • poor diet

  • failure of carers to set appropriate expectations and boundaries

  • failure of carers to set appropriate expectations and boundaries AND poor diet

  • None of the answers provided

Explicação

Questão 146 de 200

1

Children with ADHD respond best to treatments involving

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Sedatives and behavioural modification

  • Cognitive behavioural therapy and stimulants

  • A good smack

  • Behavioursal modification and stimulants

Explicação

Questão 147 de 200

1

Anorexia nervosa (AN) is primarily characterized by:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • An intense fear of gaining weight and refusal to maintain a normal body weight

  • A lack of appetite which leads to subsequent weight loss

  • Repetitive, constant exercise with a view to losing weight

  • Episodes of purging and laxative use with a view to losing weight

Explicação

Questão 148 de 200

1

Bulimia Nervosa is primarily characterized by

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • An intense fear of gaining weight and refusal to maintain a normal body weight

  • Recurrent episodes of binge eating and a sense of a lack of control over the binges followed by compensatory behaviour

  • Recurrent episodes of binge eating and a sense of a lack of control over the binges

  • Repetitive, constant exercise with a view to losing weight

Explicação

Questão 149 de 200

1

Current estimates are that approximately

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • 1% adolescent girls develop anorexia

  • Approximately 15% children with anorexia are male

  • 40% of those with anorexia are at risk of developing bulimia

  • 40% of those with anorexia are at risk of developing bulimia AND 1% adolescent girls develop anorexia

Explicação

Questão 150 de 200

1

People with schizophrenia are at high risk of

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • self harm

  • uncontrollable violence

  • domestic violence

  • having a split personality

Explicação

Questão 151 de 200

1

People with schizophrenia tend to have brains that

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • are larger than most people

  • have larger fluid-filled cavities in them than most people

  • have less white matter and more grey matter than most people

  • are more active than most people

Explicação

Questão 152 de 200

1

Which of the following statements about reflexes is true?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Reflexes are critical diagnostic indicators during infancy as they indicate neurological integrity.

  • While reflexes once held survival value to human infants, they are no longer relevant indicators of healthy development.

  • Reflexes are critical diagnostic indicators during infancy as they indicate muscular integrity.

  • Reflexes are critical diagnostic indicators during infancy as they indicate social development.

Explicação

Questão 153 de 200

1

The impact of environment on motor development may best be summed up by saying:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Environment and practice are useful tools for the development of motor skills, but are not necessary.

  • Environmental factors can account for all the motor development observed in infants and children.

  • The environment is not a sufficient condition for the acquisition of motor skills but plays an important role in timing of skill acquisition.

  • Practice makes perfect – the more children practice motor skills, the faster they acquire them!

Explicação

Questão 154 de 200

1

Sophie is about to turn 4 years old. Assuming she is on a normal developmental trajectory, what motor skills would her parents expect her to develop in the coming year?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Gross motor skills such as throwing and catching.

  • Fine motor skills such as cursive writing.

  • Fine motor skills such as drawing.

  • Fine motor skills such as drawing AND Gross motor skills such as throwing and catching.

Explicação

Questão 155 de 200

1

Three - four year old children around the world typically draw people as ‘tadpole figures’ with a large head and no body. It is not until age 5 or 6 that most children draw human forms with a differentiated head and body. What is the most likely reason for this?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Because very young children are still developing the ability to interpret and understand sensory input.

  • Because older children have the ability to attend to a task for a longer period of time.

  • Because including a body with attached arms and legs requires fine motor skills which very young children are unlikely to possess.

  • Because including a body with attached arms and legs requires fine motor skills which very young children are unlikely to possess, AND Because very young children are still developing the ability to interpret and understand sensory input.

Explicação

Questão 156 de 200

1

According to the dynamic systems theory, a child’s motor skills are:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Genetically programmed responses that emerge as dictated by maturation.

  • Genetically programmed responses that emerge as dictated by maturation and opportunities to practice.

  • Increasingly complex systems of action that represents the most effective way of achieving some objective using the limited capabilities the child may have.

  • Are dependent on a dynamic vicarious learning relationship between the child and the primary caregiver

Explicação

Questão 157 de 200

1

Which of the following statements is true?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Chromosomes are made up of DNA

  • Genes are part of chromosomes

  • Genes are made up of DNA

  • All of the answers provided

Explicação

Questão 158 de 200

1

With respect to hair colour, ____ is a genotype and ____ is a phenotype:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • AO, group A

  • The dominant allele of a gene, the recessive allele of a gene

  • Brunette hair, brunette hair gene

  • Brunette hair gene, brunette hair

Explicação

Questão 159 de 200

1

In blood groups, the A allele is dominant over the O allele. Therefore, if a father’s blood
type is AO, and a mother’s is OO, their child:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Will have blood group A

  • Will have blood group OO.

  • Has a 50/50 chance of having either blood group AO or OO.

  • Has a one in three chance of having each of blood groups A, AO or OO

Explicação

Questão 160 de 200

1

Which of the following is not a period within prenatal development?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Embryonic period

  • Placental period

  • Germinal period

  • Foetal period

Explicação

Questão 161 de 200

1

Myelination refers to the

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Gradual pruning of synapses

  • The ‘use it or lose it’ concept in neural development

  • The insulation of brain synapses

  • The insulation of mature brain cells

Explicação

Questão 162 de 200

1

Which of the following is not true of the development of emotional expressions:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Adults can identify both positive and negative emotions equally well

  • Adults find it easy to identify baby’s positive emotions from facial expressions

  • Babies communicate their feelings through their facial expressions

  • Emotional expressions become easier to identify as children get older

Explicação

Questão 163 de 200

1

Expression of self-evaluative emotions requires:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Self recognition

  • An understanding of the rules or standards for evaluating one’s conducts

  • An understanding of the rules or standards for evaluating one’s conducts AND self recognition

  • Acquisition of all five basic emotions

Explicação

Questão 164 de 200

1

Emotional display rules:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Are culturally defined

  • Emerge around 2 years of age

  • Are a set of emotions present at birth

  • Only apply to self-conscious emotions

Explicação

Questão 165 de 200

1

Activity level, irritability/negative emotionality, attention span, fearfulness and sociability
(or positive affect) have been identified as important components of:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Emotional regulation

  • Temperament

  • Social referencing

  • Emotional competence

Explicação

Questão 166 de 200

1

‘Goodness of fit’ is the term used to describe:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • The notion that a child’s development is likely to be optimized when a parent’s
    child rearing practices match the child’s temperament

  • A slow to warm up temperament, where a child may be slow to adapt to new
    people or situations

  • An easy temperament, where a child is easy going and typically in a positive
    mood

  • A tendency to withdraw from unfamiliar people or situations

Explicação

Questão 167 de 200

1

If a child displays tendencies to prefer same-sex activities over those typically linked with
the opposite sex, the child is displaying

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • gender identity

  • gender-role stereotypes

  • gender-typed patterns of behaviour

  • None of the answers provided

Explicação

Questão 168 de 200

1

Which of the following is an example of identity diffusion:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • ‘I’ve not really thought much about my career, I don’t know exactly what I want
    to do’

  • ‘My parents are teachers and so I’ll be a teacher’

  • ‘I’m trying to decide if I should pursue a degree in law or psychology next year

  • 'I have finally found the right job for me’

Explicação

Questão 169 de 200

1

Which of the following is not one of the four factors thought to influence an adolescents
identity formation:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Cognitive development

  • Schooling

  • Emotional development

  • Relationship with parents

Explicação

Questão 170 de 200

1

According to Parten’s play typology, a group of children engaging in a game of tag is an
example of:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Onlooker play

  • Cooperative play

  • Associative play

  • Parallel play

Explicação

Questão 171 de 200

1

Pursuant to Grusec and Lytton’s play typology, a child digging a hole in a sandpit is an
example of:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • pretend play

  • functional play

  • solitary play

  • unoccupied play

Explicação

Questão 172 de 200

1

Cognitive Development may best be defined as:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • The changes that take place in cognitive processes from birth until the beginning of
    adulthood

  • The changes that take place in cognitive processes over the lifespan

  • The changes in ways of thinking in a society over time

  • None of the answers provided

Explicação

Questão 173 de 200

1

Which of the following is not one of the assumptions of Piaget’s theory of Cognitive
development:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • All stages are universal in that they describe the pattern of development in all
    children

  • The framework is domain-general

  • All children pass through the stages in the same order and no stage can be skipped

  • None of the answers provided

Explicação

Questão 174 de 200

1

The process of incorporating a new experience into an existing scheme is known as:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Assimilation

  • Adaption

  • Preoperational thought

  • Accommodation

Explicação

Questão 175 de 200

1

During what age period does Object Permanence typically emerge in children?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Birth – 1 month

  • 1 – 4 months

  • 4 – 7 months

  • 8 – 12 months

Explicação

Questão 176 de 200

1

Children in the Preoperational Period of cognitive development would have difficulty
understanding

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Causality

  • The point of view of others

  • Object permanence

  • None of the answers provided

Explicação

Questão 177 de 200

1

According to Dodge’s social information processing theory of aggression, after a child
encodes social cues, the next step they engage in is:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • interpret the social cues

  • respond without adequate thought about the consequences.

  • formulate social goals

  • consider strategies to deal with the social situation.

Explicação

Questão 178 de 200

1

According to the social learning approach to aggression, children may behave aggressively
because:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • it is an inherent component of their personality

  • aggression acts as a release of stress hormone, cortisol.

  • of their environmental conditions.

  • of social frustration.

Explicação

Questão 179 de 200

1

Children’s aggression is likely to be exacerbated by parental conflict when:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • the child is exposed to the conflict on numerous occasions

  • the conflict is intensive and high stress.

  • parents withdraw and become emotionally unavailable.

  • all of the above are likely to exacerbate aggression.

Explicação

Questão 180 de 200

1

According to Piaget’s theory of moral development, a child who sees the rules of authority
figures as sacred and unalterable is likely to be in the:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • premoral period

  • ‘Good boy’ or ‘good girl’ orientation

  • social-order maintaining morality

  • heteronomous morality

Explicação

Questão 181 de 200

1

The Heinz dilemma is posed to a child who responds as follows:
‘Well, stealing is wrong, but you need to consider the whole situation. Heinz knows that
there is no legal grounds for him to steal the drug. But he’s in a very difficult situation and
anybody in that situation would think it was reasonable to steal the drug”
According to Kohlberg’s levels and stages, what is the most appropriate classification
of this response?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Level 3, post-conventional morality, stage 5.

  • Level 1, pre-conventional morality, stage 2

  • Level 2, conventional morality, stage 3.

  • Level 2, conventional morality, stage 4

Explicação

Questão 182 de 200

1

What are the main symptoms of autism?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Hyperactivity, and impaired social interaction

  • Low energy and impaired communication

  • Impaired social communication and interaction, and restricted interests

  • All answers provided

Explicação

Questão 183 de 200

1

The recent revision of the DSM and consequent changes to the diagnostic criteria for
Autism spectrum disorders caused some problems including:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • increasing the sensitivity of the assessment so that individuals who may not
    previously have been diagnosed with ASD now may be.

  • improving the specificity but reducing the sensitivity of the assessment so higher
    functioning individuals may not receive the diagnosis.

  • limiting the applicability of the diagnosis to females.

  • limiting the cultural sensitivity of the assessment.

Explicação

Questão 184 de 200

1

The theory that attempts to explain autism in terms of an inability to understand another’s
knowledge and beliefs is

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • The theory of mind

  • The theory of poor executive functioning

  • The weak central coherence hypothesis

  • The mirror neuron theory

Explicação

Questão 185 de 200

1

The three subtypes of ADHD are:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • hyperactive, impulsive, and inattentive.

  • early onset, late onset and mixed onset.

  • onset before 12 years, 12-16, or over 17 years old.

  • predominantly inattentive, predominantly hyperactive-impulsive, and combined.

Explicação

Questão 186 de 200

1

Currently, the most effective form of treatment for ADHD is:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • stimulants such as Ritalin

  • psychological treatments such as CBT

  • neuro-biological treatments such as ECT

  • stimulants such as Ritalin AND psychological treatments such as CBT

Explicação

Questão 187 de 200

1

Which of the following is not a positive symptom of schizophrenia?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Psychosis

  • Hallucations

  • Delusions

  • Reduced emotions

Explicação

Questão 188 de 200

1

Which of the following is a negative symptom of schizophrenia?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Poverty of speech

  • Disorganized speech and thought

  • Hallucinations

  • Delusions

Explicação

Questão 189 de 200

1

In terms of the prevalence and onset of schizophrenia, which of the following statements is
true:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Schizophrenia tends to develop in early adulthood, with the average age of onset 18
    years old in men, and 25 years old in women.

  • Schizophrenia typically begins in childhood but is usually left undiagnosed until later
    in life.

  • On most occasions, schizophrenia emerges in middle adulthood, the average age of
    onset (for both sexes) is 42 years.

  • Schizophrenia tends to develop in early adulthood, with the average age of onset 18
    years old in women, and 25 years old in men.

Explicação

Questão 190 de 200

1

Current prevalence estimates of anorexia are that, at some point during the lifespan,

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Approximately 15% of women will experience the condition

  • Approximately 1% of women will experience the condition

  • Approximately 10% of women will experience the condition

  • Approximately 5% of women will experience the condition

Explicação

Questão 191 de 200

1

The most important/influential risk factor for developing an eating disorder is:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Exposure to body-typed images in the media.

  • Genetics

  • Personality

  • A history of dieting

Explicação

Questão 192 de 200

1

Which of the following is not an example of a survival reflex that is present at birth?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Closing both eyes when a puff of air reaches the eye

  • Turning head towards touch and opening mouth when stroked on the cheek

  • The ‘pincer grasp’ to grip things placed in hand

  • Arching back and extending arms when a sudden loud sound is heard.

Explicação

Questão 193 de 200

1

Evidence on sex difference in infant motor development:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • suggests that boys tend to reach motor development milestones slightly earlier
    than girls.

  • suggests that Boys tend to excel at gross motor movement while girls excel at fine
    motor movement.

  • suggests that there is no difference in the development or use of motor skills by
    male and female infants

  • is inconsistent and inconclusive.

Explicação

Questão 194 de 200

1

Symptoms of dyspraxia include:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • significant delay in reaching motor milestones

  • problems concentrating

  • delays or ‘slowness’ of speech.

  • All answers provided

Explicação

Questão 195 de 200

1

Twelve year old Carmen is determined to beat her personal best time for 50metres
freestyle in the swimming. This is an example of:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • achievement motivation.

  • sporting prowess

  • the benefits of sport

  • healthy competitiveness

Explicação

Questão 196 de 200

1

We would expect a child to walk unassisted at approximately

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • 6 months old

  • 12 months old

  • 18 months old

  • 24 months old.

Explicação

Questão 197 de 200

1

The meaning of words and utterances is termed

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Semantics

  • Morphemes

  • Pragmatics

  • Syntax

Explicação

Questão 198 de 200

1

The smallest unit of meaning in a language is a ________.

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Morpheme

  • Inflection

  • Letter

  • Phoneme

Explicação

Questão 199 de 200

1

Which theorist proposed the 'language acquisition device' (LAD)?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Lenneberg

  • Noam Chomsky

  • B.F Skinner

  • None of the answers provided

Explicação

Questão 200 de 200

1

Infants first use gestures as a form of communication at what age?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • 8 to 10 months

  • 12 months

  • 12 to 18 months

  • 6 months

Explicação