Application development is defined as the process of creating and maintaining information systems.
Application development requires
establishing system goals
setting up the project
determining requirements
business knowledge and management skill
The business process "prepare quotation" can be accomplished by a ❌ system.
The business process "verify availability" can be accomplished by a ❌ system.
The business process "check customer credit" can be accomplished by a CRM Inventory Shipping Customer credit manual( CRM, Inventory, Shipping, Customer credit, manual ) system
The business process "process order" can be accomplished by using a CRM Inventory Customer credit shipping manual( CRM, Inventory, Customer credit, shipping, manual ) system.
The business process "approve special terms" can be accomplished by using a CRM shipping inventory customer credit manual( CRM, shipping, inventory, customer credit, manual ) system
All business processes are related to at least one information system.
Information systems may be made up of many applications.
The IT development process covers
business processes
applications
information systems
Scrum is a form of agile development
SDLC stands for
Scrum can be used to help with all three aspects of the development process.
Systems analysts need to understand
information systems development
business process management
both
Business analysts need to understand
Information system development
Business process management
The skills required in application development include
programmers
database designers
test personnel
hardware specialists
systems analysts
A business process is a network of activities, repositories, roles, resources, and data flows that interact to accomplish a business function.
The main reasons why processes require management are
to improve process quality
a change in technology
a change in business fundamentals
Ways in which business fundamentals may change include changes to
market
products line
supply chain
company policy
company organization
internationalization
business environment
BPMN stands for
In BPMN, a thin open circle designates
In BPMN, a thick open circle designates
In BPMN, a shaded rectangle designates
In BPMN, a shaded diamond designates
In BPMN, a shaded square with folded corner designates
In BPMN, a solid arrow designates
In BPMN, a dashed arrow designates
The five phases of the SDLC are
System definition
Requirements analysis
Component design
Implementation
System maintenance
system definition involves
defining the system's goals and scope
assessing the feasibility in terms of cost, schedule, skills required
formation of a project team
project planning
The requirements analysis phase includes
conducting user interviews
evaluation of the existing system
determining requirements for new forms, reports and queries
identify new application features and functions requested
review security requirements (CIA)
creation of data model
Features of a prototype include
provides direct user experience
can be expensive to create
parts can often be reused
costs occur early, sometimes before full funding is available
Component design includes
determining hardware specifications
determining program specifications
designing the databasae
designing procedures
creating job definitions
The implementation phase includes
building system components
conducting unit testing
integration of components
conducting integration testing
conversion to new system
Determining hardware specifications occurs in the ❌ phase.
Selecting off-the-shelf programs and designing alterations and customizing as needed occurs during the ❌ phase.
Designing the database and related structures occurs during the ❌ phase.
Creating user and operations procedures occurs during the ❌ phase.
Developing user and operations job descriptions occurs during the ❌ phase.
Obtaining, installing and testing hardware occurs during the ❌ phase.
Licensing programs and writing customization occurs during the ❌ phase.
Creating the database, filling it with data and testing occurs during the ❌ phase.
Documentation, review and test of procedures occurs during the ❌ phase.
Hiring and training personnel occurs during the ❌ phase.
The System Maintenance phase includes recording requests for changes due to
failures
enhancements
The three main activities in the System Maintenance phase are
record change request
prioritize change requests
implement requested changes
Estimating project costs is a science.
It is not uncommon to underestimate the cost and length of time required to complete a project in order to secure support.
If a contractor agrees to deliver a system for less than the real cost, he will make the most money on a
time and materials contract
fixed-cost contract
The keys to a successful SDLC project include
creating a work-breakdown structure (WBS)
estimating time and costs
creating a project plan
adjusting the plan via trade-offs
managing development challenges
A Gantt chart is useful with and without resources defined.
The three parameters available to trade-off throughout system development are
time
cost
scope (requirements)
If the time given to complete a project is reduced, a project manager's options (if he/she hopes to complete the project on time) are to
increase resources
decrease resources
increase requirements
decrease requirements
Common system development challenges are
coordination
diseconomies of scale
configuration control
unexpected events
Defining system requirements is easy.
Requirements are usually static.
When significant technology changes are on the horizon, you need to assess whether to continue with the old technology and deliver on time, or stop and redesign for the new technology
Brook's Law states that adding more people late to a project will only make the project later.
Brook's Law is true if experienced personnel need to be taken from their work to train new hires.
Scrum is different to SDLC in that
changes to requirements are expected, even welcome
a working version of the product is often delivered very early
design, develop and testing are interative
the team works closely with the customer throughout the project
Scrum work periods usually last about 1-8 weeks
Scrum ends when
the customer is satisfied with the product and accepts it
time is up
there is no more money
In scrum, velocity means
How fast the project can be delivered
The number of "points" the team can deliver per scrum period
