Jacob Pruse
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This is a practice quiz to help you study for Biol 5, Exam #1

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Jacob Pruse
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Practice Quiz 1

Questão 1 de 38

1

Which of the following are among the top 12 most common elements in living organisms?

Selecione uma ou mais das seguintes:

  • Oxygen

  • Nitrogen

  • Mercury

  • Carbon

  • Boron

  • Helium

  • Hydrogen

  • Promethium

  • Aldosterone

  • Calcium

Explicação

Questão 2 de 38

1

Which of the following would be an example of a population?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • All of the digestive viscera in your pet cat

  • All of the organisms in Colorado, as well as the surrounding environment

  • All of the Madagascar Day Gecko's in Wailuku, Hawai'i

  • All of the organisms living in Shaver Lake

  • The sum total of all ecosystems on earth

Explicação

Questão 3 de 38

1

Homeostasis is defined as:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • A very diverse group of unicellular and relatively simple multicellular eukaryotes, such as protozoa, algae, and slime molds

  • A tentative statement about the natural world

  • The maintenance of a relatively constant internal environment

  • A dense region where the components of ribosomes are synthesized

  • Drastic changes in the internal environment of an organism

Explicação

Questão 4 de 38

1

A molecule is defined as:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • A systematic process for developing and testing predictions

  • Two or more atoms held together in a stable association with each other

  • A group of similar associated cells specialized to perform a specific function

  • The smallest unit of an element; composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons

Explicação

Questão 5 de 38

1

An organ is defined as:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • A structure composed of two or more different tissues working together to perform a specific function

  • A group of similar associated cells specialized to perform a specific function

  • The fundamental structural and functional unit of all living organisms

Explicação

Questão 6 de 38

1

A tissue is defined as:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • A group of individuals of the same species that occupy the same geographic area and interact with each other

  • The fundamental structural and functional unit of all living organisms

  • A group of similar associated cells specialized to perform a specific function

  • Short strings of monosaccharides linked by dehydration synthesis

Explicação

Questão 7 de 38

1

Select the 4 different nitrogen-containing base molecules in DNA from the following options:

Selecione uma ou mais das seguintes:

  • Deoxyribose

  • Guanine

  • Adenosine triphosphate

  • Cytokines

  • Adenine

  • Thymine

  • Cytosine

  • Thulium

  • Guanidinium

  • Glucose

Explicação

Questão 8 de 38

1

Which of the following is NOT a base molecule in DNA?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Adenine

  • Thymine

  • Cytosine

  • Uracil

  • Guanine

Explicação

Questão 9 de 38

1

Define hypothesis

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • The longest side of a right triangle, opposing the right angle

  • A tentative statement about the natural world

  • A carefully planned and executed manipulation of the natural world to test your prediction

  • An underlying reality or substance, as opposed to attributes or to that which lacks substance

  • The theory of evolution

Explicação

Questão 10 de 38

1

Define theory

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • A broad hypothesis that has been extensively tested and supported over time and that explains a broad range of scientific facts with a high degree of reliability

  • A tentative statement about the natural world

  • A passing idea that appears in a scientist's head

  • Contemplation or speculation

  • Belief in Darwinian evolution

  • Random guesswork

Explicação

Questão 11 de 38

1

Match the following definitions with the corresponding level of protein structure.

* describes how the chain of amino acids is oriented in space. A common example is an alpha helix. Another common example would be a beta pleated sheath.

* The of a protein is represented by its amino acid sequence, which is stabilized by strong covalent bonds called peptide bonds. Each amino acid is indicated by a three-letter code.

* refers to how the protein twists and folds to form a three dimensional shape.

* refers to the number of polypeptide chains that make up the protein (if there is more than one) and how they associate with each other.

Arraste e solte para completar o texto.

    Secondary structure
    Primary structure
    primary structure
    Tertiary structure
    Quaternary structure

Explicação

Questão 12 de 38

1

Define lipid

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • A slightly different for of glucose polysaccharide

  • The force that blood exerts on a blood vessel as a result of the pumping action of the heart

  • A class of organic molecules characterized by being relatively insoluble or hydrophobic, meaning that they do not dissolve in water

  • A class of organic molecules that have a backbone of carbon atoms with hydrogen and oxygen attached in the same proportion as they appear in water (2-to-1)

  • Macromolecules constructed from long strings of monomers called amino acids

  • Relating to the lips

Explicação

Questão 13 de 38

1

Define protein

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Macromolecules constructed from long strings of monomers called amino acids

  • A class of organic molecules that are relatively insoluble or hydrophobic, meaning they do not dissolve in water

  • A class of organic molecules that have a backbone of carbon atoms with hydrogen and oxygen attached in the same proportion as they appear in water (2-to-1)

  • A substance that speeds the rate of a chemical reaction without being altered or consumed by the reaction

  • Coconut aminos

Explicação

Questão 14 de 38

1

Selecione das listas do Menu para completar o texto.

For each of the following definitions, indicate the corresponding class of carbohydrate:

1. Complex carbohydrates formed during dehydration synthesis by means of the joining of thousands of monosaccharides together into straight or branched chain polymers. ( Monosaccharides, Oligosaccharides, Polysaccharides )
2. The simplest kind of carbohydrate, with a structure consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1-2-1 ratio. ( Monosaccharides, Oligosaccharides, Polysaccharides )
3. Short strings of monosaccharides linked by dehydration synthesis. ( Monosaccharides, Oligosaccharides, Polysaccharides )

Explicação

Questão 15 de 38

1

Also called neutral fats or just fats, this subclass of lipids is synthesized from a molecule of glycerol and three fatty acids.

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Phospholipids

  • Monosaccharides

  • Steroids

  • Oligosaccharides

  • Triglycerides

  • Polysaccharides

Explicação

Questão 16 de 38

1

This modified form of lipid is the primary structural component of cell membranes

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Phospholipids

  • Steroids

  • Triglycerides

  • Cholesterol

  • Sodium

Explicação

Questão 17 de 38

1

This irregular type of lipid consists of a backbone of three six-membered carbon rings and one five-membered carbon ring to which any number of different groups may be attached.

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Triglycerides

  • Phospholipids

  • Steroids

Explicação

Questão 18 de 38

1

This long chain polymer found in arthropod exoskeletons and fungal cell walls is among the most abundant polysaccharides in nature.

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Chitin

  • Serotonin

  • Amino acids

  • Cholesterol

  • Gabapentin

Explicação

Questão 19 de 38

1

This trace element is a constituent of hemoglobin, the oxygen-carrying protein in red blood cells

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Sulfur

  • Magnesium

  • Sodium

  • Potassium

  • Iron

Explicação

Questão 20 de 38

1

This trace element is important for the action of certain enzymes and for muscle contraction

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Iron

  • Sulfur

  • Magnesium

  • Nitrogen

  • Americium

Explicação

Questão 21 de 38

1

Define diffusion

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • A difference in concentration between two points

  • A permanent disruption of protein structure

  • The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

  • Binary fission

Explicação

Questão 22 de 38

1

Define active transport

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • The net diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane

  • The powerhouse of the cell

  • The longest and strongest bone in the body

  • The movement of substances through the plasma membrane against their concentration gradient, with an expenditure of energy

Explicação

Questão 23 de 38

1

Osmosis is the net diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.

Selecione uma das opções:

  • VERDADEIRO
  • FALSO

Explicação

Questão 24 de 38

1

In facilitated transport, the molecule passes through a channel without attaching to a membrane protein. No change in the protein's shape or orientation causes the molecule to be transferred to the other side of the membrane. The cell just sticks to the membrane forever.

Selecione uma das opções:

  • VERDADEIRO
  • FALSO

Explicação

Questão 25 de 38

1

In this form of passive transport, the molecule does not pass through a channel, but rather attaches itself to a protein on the plasma membrane, triggering a change in the protein's shape or orientation which transfers the molecule to the other side of the membrane where it is released.

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Facilitated transport/facilitated diffusion

  • Active transport

  • Osmosis

  • Straining

Explicação

Questão 26 de 38

1

Define ribosome

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Semifluid gel material inside the cell

  • Destroys cellular toxic waste

  • Information center for the cell containing DNA

  • Digests damaged organelles and cellular debris

  • Small structures composed of RNA and protein that are the sites of protein synthesis

  • An important class of organic molecules called nucleic acids

Explicação

Questão 27 de 38

1

Oxygen passes from the lung alveoli into the pulmonary capillaries by means of this process

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Diffusion

  • Active transport

  • Endocytosis

  • Phagocytosis

Explicação

Questão 28 de 38

1

A pH of less than 7 would be:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • A basic solution

  • An alkaline solution

  • An acidic solution

  • Water

Explicação

Questão 29 de 38

1

A pH of greater than 7 would be:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • A basic solution

  • An acidic solution

  • Water

Explicação

Questão 30 de 38

1

Which of the following most FULLY summarizes what takes place during glycolysis (i.e., what molecules are consumed, what molecules are generated, and what energy is produced)?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Glucose is broken down into two molecules of G3P, and then this is broken down into two molecules of pyruvate. Energy is released in the form of ATP and NADH.

  • Glycolysis uses energy from 2 molecules of ATP to break down glucose, which is a six-carbon molecule. ATP means adenosine triphosphate, and it has a molar mass of 507.18 grams/mole. It's water solubility is approximately 1 kg /L.

  • Glycolysis uses energy from 2 molecules of ATP to consume glucose, breaking it down into two molecules of G3P in the energy investment stage, and in the energy yielding stage, the two molecules of G3P are further broken down into two molecules of pyruvate. Energy is produced in the form of 4 molecules of ATP as well as high-energy electron and hydrogen ions which are picked up by NAD+ to form NADH.

  • Glycolysis both uses and produced ATP

Explicação

Questão 31 de 38

1

In aerobic glycolysis, pyruvate enters the citric acid cycle and undergoes oxidative phosphorylation leading to the net production of 32 ATP molecules. In anaerobic glycolysis, pyruvate is converted to which of the following?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Lactate

  • Acetate

  • Bicarbonate

  • Sulfate

Explicação

Questão 32 de 38

1

Extracellular fluid that has the same solute concentration as the intracellular fluid, is said to be:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Isotonic

  • Hypertonic

  • Hypotonic

Explicação

Questão 33 de 38

1

Define catabolism.

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Molecules are assembled into larger molecules that contain more energy, a process that requires energy. The assembly of a protein from many amino acids is an example of an catabolic pathway.

  • Larger molecules are broken down, a process that releases energy. The breakdown of glucose into water, carbon dioxide, and energy is an example of a catabolic pathway.

  • In preparation for the citric acid cycle, pyruvate enters a mitochondrion. A series of chemical reactions, known as catabolism, yields a two-carbon molecule called acetyl CoA, plus some energy.

Explicação

Questão 34 de 38

1

A solution in which the concentration of solutes is higher than that of the intracellular fluid is called:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Isotonic

  • Hypertonic

  • Hypotonic

Explicação

Questão 35 de 38

1

What happens to a cell in an isotonic solution?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Water will diffuse out of the cell and the cell will shrink

  • The cell will freeze

  • Water will enter the cell, causing it to swell

  • The cell will maintain a normal volume.

Explicação

Questão 36 de 38

1

A solution with a lower concentration of solutes than the intracellular fluid is called:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Isotonic

  • Hypertonic

  • Hypotonic

Explicação

Questão 37 de 38

1

What will happen to a cell in a hypertonic solution?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Water will diffuse out of the cell and the cell will shrink

  • Water will enter the cell and cause it to swell

  • The cell will maintain a normal volume

  • The cell will move really fast

Explicação

Questão 38 de 38

1

What will happen to a cell in a hypotonic solution?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • The cell will maintain a normal volume

  • Water will diffuse out of the cell and the cell will shrink

  • Water will enter the cell and cause it to swell

  • The cell will become visible to the naked eye

Explicação

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