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Behavioural Approach
Only observable stimulus-response connections were studied.
Challenge the importance of and in shaping the human mind
Placed greater emphasis on environmental influences: '' , not 'nature'
Cognitive Approach
Focus on mental proceses
Uses the metaphor that the mind is like a - the ''
Cognitive psychologists 'view organisims as machines that respond to the envrionment input with predictable output'
(Westen 1996, pp. 18-19)
Biological Approach
Mental processes and behaviour are described in terms of and
Focus shufts to genetic influences (), rather than environmental ()
Uses neuroimaging devices (e.g. PET and fMRI) and medication to treat mental disorders and illnesses that affect the brain
Mental disorders explained in terms of chemical imbalances and addressed with medication
Socio-Cultural Approach
A hollistic approach that considers the importance of , , ,, and of particular groups
