Tuberculosis

Rumen acidosis

Paratuberculosis

Ostertagiasis

Paramphistomiasis

Cryptosporidia

Escherichia

Streptococcus

Pseudomonas

Staphylococcus

Current diagnostic methods allow identification of infected animals early in life.

A test and removal program for infected cows is the most profitable method.

Fecal-oral transmission is less important then transmission through milk.

Isolating calves from cows at birth is an effective control method

Culling clinical cases reduces herd prevalence of infection.

Copper.

Phosphorus

Molybdenum

Zinc

Selenium

To yearling cattle

At time of first breeding

at time of first parturition

When total mixed rations are fed

When chopped feeds are included in the deit

This is a test used to determine the amount of rumen fill in a cow

Tricep muscle fasiculation is usually elicited by this test

Odontoprisis is a consistent sign of a positive reaction

The test is also know as a "withers depression"

A positive test is a positive response; the cow flinches

2.5-5.5

5.5-7.0

2.5-7.0

7.0-8.5

3.5-8.5

Magnesium carbnate

Sodium acid phosphate

Calcium boroglucoate

Poloxalene

Turpentine

Purchased calves from a sale barn

Purchased feed from a neighbor

Contaminated water due to a broken sewer pipe

Purchased cows from an auction

A stray dog

Tetanus toxoid

Rabies

Clostridium perfringens C and D

Leptospirosis

Pasteurella

Hypercalcemia is a common feature of naturally occurring cases

Cutaneous lymphocytosis is a common cause of depression anemia in cattle

Lymphosarcoma is a common cause of depression anemia in cattle

Presistent lymphocytosis is a common sign in herds with the enzootic form

Horn flies commonly spread the disease

Foot rot vaccination is commercially available for use in sheep and goats in the USA

Rabies vaccine is labeled for use in goats in the United States

The most common organism associated with subclinical mastitis in goats is streptococcus

The somatic cell count limit for goat milk is 750,000 cells/cmm

Goats have a more reactive immune response then sheep

Meningitis

Tetanus

Lead toxicosis

Botulism

Listeriosis

Hypocalcemia

Zinc deficiency

Hypoglycemia

Niacin deficiency

Hypokalemia

A stained impression smear will demonstrate Gram-positive cocci

Because treatment is largely ineffective, affected cattle should be taken to the sale barn

Once a case is seen, one of the most important things to do is make sure the herd gets vaccinated

Primarily affects young poor-doing cattle

Previous change in the management, nutrition, or disease

Age, similar to ring growth on trees

Mineral deficiency disease

Biotin deficiency

Rickets

Calculi do not develop in the mature cows bulls

Calculi develop in a castrated males because the diameter of the urethra is smaller then normal

Calculi develop in cattle raised on rangelands because of the relatively high concentration of selenium in the diet

Calculi formation cannot be prevented by the consumption of sodium chloride at a level of 4% by weight of the total ration

When the urinary bladder ruptures in a steer with obstructive urolithiasis, uremia may not develop quickly because the ruminant can metabolize the urea in the rumen

Actinomyces pyogenes

Bordetella bronchiseptica

Pasteurella multocida

Fusobacterium necrophorum

Hemophilus parasuis

Lincomycin, Procaine Penicillin G.

Tilmicosin, Chloramphenicol

Chloramphenicol, Oxytetracycline

Lincomycin, Oxytetracycline

Tilmicosin, Lincomycin

Respiratory disease reduces growth rate up to 20%

More than $4.00 per pig is the estimated loss associated with respiratory disease from reduced growth and feed efficiency alone

Veterinarians prefer to treat respiratory disease in swine with tilmicosin

PRRS virus attacks and kills immune system cells in the lungs

all of the above are correct

During cold winter months inside a barn

During summer when conditions are moist

During dry autumn months

During cool spring months

During cold winter months on pasture

Bovine virus diarrhea mucosal disease complex

Infections bovine rhinotracheitis

Consumption of lupines during the first 30 days of pregnancy

Malignant catarrhal fever

Foot and mouth disease

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC)

Clostridium perfringens Type C

Hemorrhagic bowel syndrome.

Brachyspira (Serpulina) hyodysenteriae

Lawsonia intracellularis

Providing selenium supplementation in a salt/mineral mix year round to all stocks is a good method to control/prevent white muscle problems in calves

A selenium injection at birth will effectively prevent white muscle disease and will provide adequate selenium levels until the calf is around 1-year-old

The cardiac form tends to be more amendable to treatment than the skeletal form

Inadequate water consumption

High salt intake

High calcium intake

Inadequate exercise

Excessive vitamin A intake

Around 50% of all bovine lameness is in the foot

It is difficult to justify antibiotic treatment of foot rot because most cases self-cure within 1-2 days

To stop a horizontal hoof crack, you should create a vertical groove at the ends of the crack

A cow with a septic coffin joint will usually be 3-legged lame

Resting in right lateral recumbency and returning to that position after being turned to the other side

Hind legs partially flexed and displaced posteriorly

Hind legs extended behind with no attempt to change position

Sternal recumbency with the hind legs extended along side the body

Frequent attempts to rise, lifting the hindlegs off the ground a few inches

Cold temperature reduces the pig's ability to clear bacteria from the respiratory tract

Pneumonia reduces average daily gain in swine

Crowding, mixing, and castration all may increase risk of respiratory disease in swine

All of the above are correct

Only B. and C. are correct

Copper toxicosis

Rota virus

Fat necrosis

Arsenic toxicosis

Clostridium novyi

An animal that was exposed to BVDV in utero before establishing immunocompetence

An animal that was exposed to BVDV in utero after establishing immunocompetence

An animal that was infected within the first 120 days of life and has remained infected

An animal that was infected with BVDV and recovered but remains a carrier

Always an animal affected with mucosal disease

Antihistamine

Corticosteroid

Epinephrine

Ephedrine

Flunixin meglumine

Too much protein

Insufficient fiber

Too much grain

Too much fat

Too much protein and too much fat

Place them in the pen with your original goats right away to get them used to each other while the kids are young

Build a separate pen to the house the new goats for as long as possible (months) to allow the organism in the original pen to die off

Introduce the new goats after shoveling out all visible pellets, fencing off any standing water, and installing feeders that pervent fecal contamination

Build a separate pen to house the new goats for as long as possible (months) to allow the organism in the original pen to die off, continue to test and monitor the body condition of the remaining two goats to make sure they are not infected.

Copper

Phosphorus

Molybdenum

Zinc

Selenium

E. coli and Actinomyces

salmonella and Mycoplasma

Staphylococcus and E. coli

Staphylococcus and Streptococcus

Proteus and Enterococcus

2.5-5.5

5.5-7.0

2.5-7.0

7.0-8.5

3.5-8.5

Magnesium carbonate

Sodium acid phosphate

Calcium borogluconate

Poloxalene

Turpentine

Purchased calves from a sale barn

Purchased feed from a neighbor

Contaminated water due to a broken sewer pipe

Purchased cows from an auction

A stray gog

Under 5 days

14 to 21 days

21 to 28 days

5 to 10 days

10 to 15 days

Hypomagnesemia

Polioencephalomalacia

Nervous ketosis

Fatty liver syndrome

Hypocalcemia

confirm clinical mastitis

confirm rupture of the gastrocnemius

determine the type of bacteria in an intramammary infection

identify cows with high somatic cell counts

Left abomasal displacement

Simple indigestion

Preforated abomasal ulcer

Rumen tympany

Abdominal fat necrosis

calcium

dextrose

probiotics

vitamins

That post dipping with an effective germicide is not being done or is not being done correctly

That the milkers use multi-use cloth or paper towels and are spreading the bacteria from cow to cow

That the cows' environment is unsanitary

That waster is being used excessively during pre-milking udder preparation

Cull affected cattle

Heel wart vaccines

Properly maintained and scheduled footbaths

Dry gangrene is more common in summer than winter

the cheapest control measure is to replace the current infected fescue pasture with endophyte free fescue

A presferred means of control is to vaccinate with an endophyte vaccine prior to grazing

The preferred treatment is to remove affected stock from fescue pasture

Feeding high calcium in pre-partum diets will stimulate the parathyroid glands

Feeding anionic salts to dry cows will cause mild alkalosis, thus stimulating the parathyroid gland

The feed levels of phosphorus and potassium have little, if any, effect upon calcium metabolism is dry cows

Feeding anionic salts to dry cows will cause mild acidosis which will promote calcium absorption from the gut as well as mobilization from bone.

Feeding alfalfa hay free choice to close-up dry cows will stimulate calcium mobilization by the parathyroid glands

contaminated teat dip

infected mammary gland

straw

water

10%

35%

50%

90%

100%

Periodic ophthalmia

Intravasular coagulopthy

Vomition

Diarrhea

Rodent contamination of feedstuffs

Paratuberculosis and mucosal disease

Renal amyloidosis and paratuberculosis

Abomasal parasitism and tick fever

Hypomagnesemia and hypokalemia

Caudal venal caval thrombosis

Saliva neutralizes the acids produced during fermentation

Dietary calcium has little effects on rumen metabolism

The fiber mat is on the bottom of the rumen

Rumen microbial protein is an insignificant source of nutrients for cattle

Dairy cows can usually eat enough to meet their nutrient requirements, even when ration digestibility is low

Listeriosis

Bovine spongiform encephalopthy

Grass tetany

Lead poisoning

Botulism

High phosphorus intake

Low salt intake

Low calcium intake

Inadequate water intake

All of the above may contribute as risk factors

Increased numbers of eosinophils

Increased protein and mononuclear cells

Increased red blood cells

Increased alkaline phosphatase levels

Increased trubidity

Ear tagging

Footrot vaccination

Clostridium vaccination

Elastration of tails

Hoof trimming

The majority of salmonella infections are clinical

Salmonella organisms only survive a short time in the enviroment

Septicemic animal shed the organism in oral and nasal secretions and urine as well ass feces

Infection is unrelated to innate resistance of the host animal; dose and strain of the organism are much more important

The primary route of infection in most cases is by aerosol

Of transient immunousuppression following calving

Dry matter intake cannot keep pace with nutrient requirements until after about 80 days after lactation commences

Of adjustment to the change in diet between the dry period and heavy lactational period

Of increased requirements for biological antioxidants during the first 60 days of lactation

Of increased physical activity associated with estrus

Normal value

Metabolic acidosis

Metabolic alkalosis

Good prognosis

Rapid rumen outflow

This is a test used to determine the amount of rumen fill in a cow

Tricep muscle fasiculation is usually elicited by this test

Odontoprisis is a consistent sign of a positive reaction

The test is also known as "withers depressing"

A positive test is a positive response; the cow flinches

IBR (infectious bovine rhinotracheitis)

Histophilus

Mycoplasma

BRSV (bovine respiratory syncytial virus

Mannheimia

Calculi do not develop in mature cows and bulls

Calculi develop on castrated males because the diameter of the urethra is smaller then normal

Calculi develop in cattle raised on rangelands because of the relatively high concentration of selenium in the diet

Calculi formation cannot be prevented by the consumption of sodium chloride at a level of 4% by weight of the total ration

When the urinary bladder ruptures in a steer with obstructive urolithiasis, uremia may not develop quickly because the ruminant can metabolize the urea in the rumen

Colostrum quality is not related to a cow's history or volume of colostrum produced

Holsteins tend to have lower immunoglobulin concentrations in colostrum than Jerseys

The ability of the calf to absorb IgG does not decline until the calf is 48 hours old

Johne's disease cannot be transmitted through the feeding of colostrum from an infected cow

Pasteurization destroys most of the antibodies in colostrum

Too much rapidly digestible grain in the diet

Not enough effective fiber

Slug feeding of grain (e.g. feeding grain in the milking parlor)

Heat stress (panting cows have less bicarbonate available for buffering the rumen)

All of the above

Fat cow-BCS 4.5

Normal cow-BCS 3.5

Thin cow-BCS 2.0

By the owner who did not disinfect his boots

By a stray cat

By direct contact with the calves and their feces

By a stray dog

With the front end loader used to feed the cows

AMDUCA

FARAD

RUDAB

USDA

Interstitial pneumonia is accompanied by high fever

The principal clinical signs are inspiratory dyspnea and mild fever

Expiratory dyspnea and subcutaneous emphysema are commonly seen.

Preferred therapy is oxytetracycline.

Prognosis for recovery is poor

Milking out the cow's udder.

Non-steroidal drugs.

Corticosteroids.

Antihistamine

Broad spectrum antibacterials.

Send all to slaughter immediately.

Quarantine and treat with procaine penicillin G.

Quarantine and refer to the state veterinary officer.

Quarantine and vaccinate the herd with pink-eye vaccine.

Quarantine and treat with tetracy cline.

A fall in resistance due to weather changes.

A simultaneous fall in resistance and a rise in disease challenge.

A rise in disease challenge from commingling.

Vaccination more than thirty days before marketing.

A fall in resistance due to stresses of weaning, shipping, and diet change.

Mycoplasma mycoides.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Brisket disease

BRSV.

Fog fever.

ELISA test

Single intradermal test

Comparative cervical test

PCR test

Gamma interferon test

Probably indicative of chronic infection

Probably indicative of parasitism

Probably indicative of bone marrow suppression

Probably indicative of an acute infection

Possibly could be a normal hemogram

Suffolk

Southdown

Dorset

Merino

Hampshire

ceftiofur

Nuflor

penicillin

oxytetracycline

Sheep accumulate copper in the liver more readily than other species

Copper is required for an effective immune response

"Steely wool" and "swayback" are commonly reported signs of copper deficiency in sheep

Copper is required for normal iron metabolism

All of the above statements are true

Charolais

Akaushi

Beedmaster

Santa Gertrudis

Belgian Blue

An animal that was exposed to BVDV in utero before establishing immunocompetence

An animal that was exposed to BVDV in utero after establishing immunocompetence

An animal that was infected within the first 120 days of life and has remained infected

An animal that was infected with BVDV and recovered but remains a carrier

Always an animal affected with mucosal disease

Younger animals are more likely to show clinical signs of anaplasmosis than are older ones

Biting flies are biological vectors of anaplasmosis

Effectiveness of oxytetracycline therapy for anaplasmosis is reduced if more than 15% of the red blood cells are infected

Anaplasmosis vaccine is marketed commercially in the United States

Incubation period for anaplasmosis in cattle is short, usually 5-15 days

Albon

enrofloxacin (Baytril)

Nuflor

oxytetracycline

0%

25%

50%

75%

100%

E. coli

Klebsiella

Streptococcus agalactiae

Mycoplasma bovis

Staphylococcus aureus

True

False

True

False

Brown Swiss

Guernsey

Holstein

Jersey

Belted Galloway

True

False

True

False

True

False

First

Before fresh heifers

Last

Should be dried up and not milked

Teat orifice/duct

Pick the other one

Teat dipping with an effective germicide

pick the other one

Contagious

Environmental

True

False

Streptococcus agalactiae

Staphylococcus aureus

E. coli

Klebsiella

Mycoplasma bovis

True

False

True

False

2

24

12

1

0.5

Contagious

Environmental

Contagious

Environmental

True

False

True

False

Free stalls are not comfortable

Happy cows

Mycoplasma

pick the other one

clean, dry, and comfortable

Pick other one

True

False

True

False

True

False

Spraying water on udders of all cows

Single use damp cloth towels

Predipping and only leaving the predip on for 30 seconds

Drying the udder completely before attaching the milking unit

LDBSA

Chlorhexidine

0.5% Iodine

Clorox

75:25 milking to massage ratio on the pulsators

Small bowl claw

20" Hg milking vacuum level

Post-dip applied by sprayer

Low line pipeline