cskrewson0519
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Pulmonary Pathophysiology I

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cskrewson0519
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Clinical Medicine: Pulmonary Pathophysiology I

Questão 1 de 31

1

The respiratory tract is composed of these types of cells:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • columnar

  • psuedostratified

  • ciliated

  • goblet

  • all of the above

Explicação

Questão 2 de 31

1

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In respiration, the ( sympathetic, parasympathetic ) nervous system uses ( adrenergic, cholinergic ) neurons and ( B2, muscarinic ) receptors to dilate the airways; and the ( parasympathetic, sympathetic ) nervous system uses ( cholinergic, adrenergic ) neurons and ( muscarinic, B2 ) receptors to constrict the airways.

Explicação

Questão 3 de 31

1

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( Type 1 Pneumocytes, Type 2 Pneumocytes ) in the alveoli allow for the diffusion of gases. ( Type 2 Pneumocytes, Type 1 Pneumocytes ) produce ( surfactant, macrophages, glucosamine ) to reduce surface tension. ( Alveolar macrophages, Alveolar mast cells, Aveolar goblet cells ) remove dust.

Explicação

Questão 4 de 31

1

Internal and external intercostal muscles are not used for inspiration during normal quiet breathing.

Selecione uma das opções:

  • VERDADEIRO
  • FALSO

Explicação

Questão 5 de 31

1

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The ( diaphragm, intercostal m. ) is the prime mover of respiration, contracting it ( enlarges the thoracic cavity, decreases the thoracic cavity ), causing ( inspiration, expiration ); whereas relaxing it causes ( expiration, inspiration ). This accounts for about ( 2/3, 1/2, 1/3 ) of airflow.

Explicação

Questão 6 de 31

1

Expiration is normally passive, caused by the elastic recoil of distended alveoli.

Selecione uma das opções:

  • VERDADEIRO
  • FALSO

Explicação

Questão 7 de 31

1

- volume that fills the lungs (alveoli and airways) during normal breathing (~ mL)

- max expiration after max inspiration (~ mL)

- remaining volume of air in lungs after max forced expiration (~ mL)

- the volume of air remaining in lungs after a normal expiration (~ mL)

Total Lung Capacity - (~ mL)

- forced VC after 1 sec

Arraste e solte para completar o texto.

    Tidal Volume
    500
    Vital Capacity
    4700
    Residual Volume
    1200
    Functional Residual Capacity
    2400
    VC + RV
    5900
    FEV1

Explicação

Questão 8 de 31

1

A normal FEV1/FVC is:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • 0.8

  • 8.0

  • 0.2

  • 2.0

  • 0.2 - 0.5

Explicação

Questão 9 de 31

1

Obstructive pulmonary disease may be caused by:
(choose all that apply)

Selecione uma ou mais das seguintes:

  • Excessive secretions or hypertrophy of mucous glands (e.g. chronic bronchitis)

  • Contraction, inflammation, or edema of airway wall (e.g. asthma)

  • Compression of bronchus by neoplasm

  • Destruction of lung parenchyma (e.g. emphysema)

  • Thickening of interstitium of alveolar wall

Explicação

Questão 10 de 31

1

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Emphysema, caused by the breakdown in alveolar wall and loss of elasticity, will result in ( increased, decreased ) compliance.

Explicação

Questão 11 de 31

1

Which of the following, while rare, may be the cause COPD (emphysema) symptoms in younger, non-smoking adults.

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency

  • Beta-2 Adrenergic Deficiency

  • Sarcoidosis

  • Wegener's Granulomatosis

  • Goodpasture's Syndrome

Explicação

Questão 12 de 31

1

COPD may cause which of the following (select all that apply)

Selecione uma ou mais das seguintes:

  • Decreased FEV1/FVC ratio

  • FVC reduction

  • FEV1 reduction

  • Increased residual volume

  • Decreased residual volume

Explicação

Questão 13 de 31

1

Restrictive Pulmonary Disease is caused by:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Diseases of the lung parenchyma

  • Diseases of the lung pleura

  • Neuromuscular diseases

  • Diseases of the chest wall

  • All of the above

Explicação

Questão 14 de 31

1

Restrictive pulmonary diseases may encompass which of the following diseases/disorders: (check all that apply)

Selecione uma ou mais das seguintes:

  • Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

  • Sarcoidosis

  • Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis (allergic alveolitis)

  • Pleural effusion

  • Pneumothorax

  • Guillain-Barre syndrome

  • myastenia gravis

  • Scoliosis

  • Ankylosing spondylitis

  • Poliomylelitis

Explicação

Questão 15 de 31

1

Which of the following may cause both restrictive and obstructive pulmonary disorders?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Pulmonary edema

  • Pneumothorax

  • Sarcoidosis

  • Pulmonary fibrosis

  • All of the above may cause both

Explicação

Questão 16 de 31

1

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Restrictive pulmonary disease, causing the gradual replacement of normal lung tissue with fibrotic tissue, results in ( increased, decreased ) elastic recoil, ( decreased, increased ) lung compliance, and ( decreased, increased ) lung volumes.

Explicação

Questão 17 de 31

1

Which of the following may be true regarding forced expiratory volumes in the case of restrictive lung disease?

Selecione uma ou mais das seguintes:

  • Increased FEV1/FVC

  • Decreased FEV1/FVC

  • Increased FVC

  • Decreased FVC

Explicação

Questão 18 de 31

1

All lung volumes are reduced (including TLC, FRC, and RV) in restrictive lung disease, but their relative proportions to each other are more or less preserved.

Selecione uma das opções:

  • VERDADEIRO
  • FALSO

Explicação

Questão 19 de 31

1

Which of the following are TRUE for Restrictive lung diseases:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • FEV1/FVC normal or increased

  • Reduced lung compliance

  • Arterial hypoxemia (primarily due to V/Q inequality)

  • Diffusion impairment

  • All of the above

Explicação

Questão 20 de 31

1

Which of the following statements is/are true:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Pulmonary edema causes decreased lung compliance

  • Aging causes increased lung compliance

  • Asthma does not alter lung compliance

  • A & B only

  • All of the above

Explicação

Questão 21 de 31

1

Which of the following is the greatest factor influencing lung recoil?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • the collagen and elastin fibers in the tissue of the lung

  • the surface tension forces in the fluid lining the alveoli

Explicação

Questão 22 de 31

1

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Surfactant ( increases, decreases, has no affect on ) lung compliance and ( decreases, increases ) lung recoil by ( lowering, increasing ) surface tension in the alveoli.

Explicação

Questão 23 de 31

1

During what week span does surfactant appear in a developing fetus?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Week 24-35

  • Week 35-40

  • Week 18-24

  • Week 12-18

  • Week 4-8

Explicação

Questão 24 de 31

1

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Increased lung recoil (high rebound) and decreased compliance (difficult to stretch) requires ( more negative, less negative ) intrapleural pressure to inflate the lung.

Explicação

Questão 25 de 31

1

When abnormally high negative interpleural pressure is required to maintain lung volumes (e.g. atelectasis) this may result in:

Selecione uma ou mais das seguintes:

  • capillary filtration and pulmonary edema

  • capillary diffusion and increased perfusion

  • capillary rupture and hemoptysis

  • capillary regurgitation and pneumothorax

Explicação

Questão 26 de 31

1

Which of the following may cause surfactant to become non-functional in maturity?
(select all that apply)

Selecione uma ou mais das seguintes:

  • Sepsis

  • Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome

  • Gastric aspiration

  • Lecithin-Sphingomyelin syndrome

  • Pulmonary edema

Explicação

Questão 27 de 31

1

In regards to the fluid dynamics of respiration, which of the following could result in increased interstitial fluid and thus pulmonary edema? (check all that apply)

Selecione uma ou mais das seguintes:

  • Decreased plasma osmotic pressure

  • Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure

  • Increased capillary permeability

  • Increased alveolar surface tension

  • Increased lymphatic drainage

Explicação

Questão 28 de 31

1

Which of the following conditions may cause pulmonary edema?

Selecione uma ou mais das seguintes:

  • loss of surfactant

  • left heart failure

  • starvation

  • diuretic drugs

  • inflammation reactions

Explicação

Questão 29 de 31

1

Which of the following might be used to treat pulmonary edema?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Diuretic meds

  • Vasodilation meds

  • Calcium channel blockers

  • Both A & B

  • All of the above

Explicação

Questão 30 de 31

1

The partial pressures of ventilatory gases in the alveoli are identical to that of the systemic arterial blood.

Selecione uma das opções:

  • VERDADEIRO
  • FALSO

Explicação

Questão 31 de 31

1

The ratio of ventilation (air flow) to perfusion (blood flow) need to match for maximum gas exchange.

Selecione uma das opções:

  • VERDADEIRO
  • FALSO

Explicação