What is not meant by culture?
shared religious beliefs
similar values
shared biological characteristics
material objects such as dwellings, clothing and tools
learned patterns of expression and action
The NEOLITHIC era is associated with which of the following?
the start of a bilateral trade system
the rise of agriculture
an architectural hallmark when people lived in buildings instead of caves
making large rock formations like Stonehenge for religious purposes
making tools out of materials including metal
One of the most important breakthroughs which ushered in agriculture in Mesopotamia was...
construction of canals to bring water to distant fields
the region's high annual rainfall
the introduction of wheat crops
large numbers of animals for fertilizer
a highly motivated work force
Mesopotamian gods were anthropomorphic; that is, they...
took form as the elements of nature
were imagined to be humanlike in form and conduct
appeared in the bodies of kings on earth
were divine and perfect beings
were omniscient
The abundance of amulets in Mesopotamia suggests...
that the society was extremely materialistic
the large quantity of semiprecious stones available
that Mesopotamian artisans were very skilled
widespread belief in the value of magic
the egalitarian nature of Mesopotamian religion
The culture that developed in Egypt was unique largely because of...
Egypt's interaction with other civilizations
Egypt's natural isolation and essential self-sufficiency
Egyptian dominance in metalworking
Egypt's surplus agricultural production and trade
Egypt's large population
Mesopotamia, Egypt, and the Indus Valley civilizations were all
based on fertile floodplains and river valleys
made possible by large agricultural surpluses
derived from an earlier, as yet undiscovered, "watershed" civilization
based on beer brewing and female labor
wiped out by a huge drought
Which of the following was probably NOT one of the components of the "systems failure" that brought down the Indus Valley cities?
That the Hakra River system dried up
that invaders from the north and east drove out the inhabitants
Massive flooding
salinization of farmland
increased erosion
In order to discover more specific information about the social structure of Indus Valley civilizations, what needs to be done?
shared knowledge with other archeologists and historians
the writing of the civilization must be deciphered
carbon dating of artifacts
analysis of exhumed bodies
all of these.
The Hyksos were able to conquer Egypt because they had...
horse-drawn chariots carrying archers with composite bows
iron weapons
control of the Nile Delta region, so they could restrict irrigation to Egyptian agriculture
massive armed forces from a consolidated army of the Near East
superior administrative organization
The epic poem of Homer, The Iliad, related the story of a war between the Greeks and the Hittites, based on the ten year siege and eventual destruction of the city of:
Athens
Lydia
Hattusha
Catal Huyuk
Troy
Which of the following is not one of the reasons that the Assyrians were able to conquer vast territories?
they had a large army of half a million men
they used iron weapons
they created a corps of professional soldiers
they had engineers who developed machines to besiege fortified towns
they had accomplished and wily diplomats
Which of the following poses a problem for interpreting the history of the early Israelites from the Bible?
hey were pastoralists who did not write down their history for nearly 1000 years
the Bible was written for religious, not historical, purposes
the Hebrew Bible was written in several phases by different people
Hebrew civilization was interrupted by conquest several times
These are all problematic
The Phoenicians developed a system of writing based on consonants, and the vowel sounds added by this group resulted in a complete alphabet writing system
Chinese
Egyptians
Greeks
Babylonians
Turks
The foreign policy of the Carthaginian state...
was neglected by the Phoenecian Empire
was restricted by its more powerful neighbors
reflected an interest in protecting the sea trade
was constantly overturned by Greek powers
was based on Assyrian models
During the Shang period, ancestor worship became important because...
ancestors had special influence with the gods
it was a way of spreading Chinese rule to other East Asian societies
ancestors were necessary to ensure the birth of male children
matrilineal descent was important for fertility
it allowed people to cliam specific inheritance of property
The Mandate of Heaven meant that the ruler retained the right to rule as long as...
he remained the strongest in the kingdom
he remained a wise and principled guardian of his people
he performed the correct ritual sacrifices
he produced a male heir
he kept the loyalty of the military
To Confucius, the fundamental element of society was the...
king
city
maintenance of tradition
characteristic of respect
family
The greatest rival of Confucianism was:
Daoism
Confucianism
Legalism
Moism
Rationalism
Which of the following is not one of the ways that Confucian philosophy attempts to create societal harmony?
By emphasizing the idea that the country is parallel to the famil
by expanding the traditional feelings of benevolence toward family so that they apply to all of humanity
by avoiding violence and promoting justice, loyalty, and dignity
by emphasizing the goodness of human nature and seeking to promote it through education, particularly of public officials
By emphasizing individual freedoms
Confucius' writings were handed down orally for several generations before it as compiled in written form as:
"Book of Documents"
"Book of Songs"
"Book of Changes"
"Analects"
The later Eastern Zhou period is characterized by
warfare and fragmentation of central order
invasion from the north
extension of trade via the Silk Road
a conservative government under a Legalist system
ren, or "humaneness," of the government toward its citizens
The fundamental idea of Daoism can be summarized as..
accepting the world as you find it, avoiding useless struggles, and adhering to the "path" of nature
unquestioning obedience to authority and reverence for structure brings success
emphasizing aggressive action and radical change
emphasizing communal action to promote the betterment of society
technological and social progress can solve all social skills
The concept of yin and yang represented the complementary nature of...
religion and the state in Chinese society
good and evil in Chinese morality
male and female roles in the natural order
the wisdom of age and the strength of youth
warrior and emperor in times of trouble
How did Nubia become a "corridor" for long-distance trade before 3000 BCE?
Government policies carefully regulated and promoted trade
Egypt built a river highway for the passage of gods
Nubia had no natural resources of its own and so needed to import them
It connected sub-Saharan Africa with North Africa
Actually, Nubia never did participate in the African trade networks, preferring isolationism
Which of the following is true of Egyptian cultural influence on Nuba?
Nubian child hostages learned the Egyptian culture, religion and language
Nubians served as archers in the Egyptian armed forces and so learned Egyptian culture
Nubians traded for Egyptian goods
Nubians built Egyptian-style towns and temples to Egyptian gods and goddesses
All of the above
Druids were...
Celtic priests in Gaul and Britain
keepers of henges
the warrior elite of Germanic lands
spell-casters who ate human hearts
we don't know
Celtic women...
never contributed property to a marriage
had no freedom in their secual relations
could inherit their husbands' estates
were regular combatants on the battlefield
were considered more "royal" than men
Unlike other ancient cultures in Europe and western Asia, Celts believed in...
the belief in afterlife for everyone, rather than just for the elite
human sacrifice
more than 400 nature-based gods and goddesses
fertility cults with an emphasis on feminine religious poer
the belief in reincarnation
