Pressure Groups

What is a pressure group?

Proliferation

Participation

Policy making

Programme monitoring

Influence

Representation

Mobilise voters

Public education

Lobbying

Communications between public and government

Section groups (interest groups)

Cause groups (promotional groups)

Insider groups

Outsider groups

Peak/Umbrella groups

Temporary/Permanent

Local/Regional groups

National Groups

Transnational groups

Exclusive branch

Professional Lobbyiest

Consultation with the government

Green papers

White papers

Gay Marriage 2012

Policy communities

Policy networks / issue networks

Secondary legislation / Delegated legislation

Example of Secondary legislation / Delegated legislation

Parliament

Ballot bills

Select committees

Donations

Access points for pressure groups

Insider methods

Insider methods

Outsider methods

Strikes

Protests / Demonstrations

Petitions / e-petitions

Internet Campaign

Party funding

Media campaigns

Illegal Activities

Celebrity endorsement

Supreme court

Interventions

Intervention Examples

Intervention Examples

Intervention Examples
*CONTINUED*

Prosecutions

Supernational Issues

Lobbying the EU

Doctrine of Supremacy

Media Campaigns
(Outsider groups)

Social Media
(Outsider groups)

Direct action
(Outsider groups)

Direct action - legal
(Outsider group)

Direct action - illegal
(Outsider group)

E-democracy

'Success' for Pressure Groups

Why might large / wealthy groups have more success than others?
Financial resources

Why might large / wealthy groups have more success than others?
Human resources

The threat of opposition

Divided membership

Umbrella groups

UKs biggest protest

What enables pressure groups to be successful?

Pluralist theory

Elitist theory

Pluralist democracy

Liberal democracy

Tyranny of the majority

Evidence for the pluralist view

Evidence for elitist view