Humanist scholars broke with the medieval scholarly tradition
in declaring that all knowledge was relative
by insiting on reading original manuscripts and not second-hand commentaries
by challenging the existence of God
by supporting the idea of scientific experimentation
All of the following are characteristics of the Renaissance art EXCEPT
the emphases on naturalism
artist' desire to create three-dimensional images
secular portraiture
hierarchical scaling
What was the initial reaction of Pope Leo X to the position of Luther's 95 theses?
He immediately summoned Luther to Rome
He recalled Tetzel from Germany in order to have him stop selling indulgences
He declared that Luther's action was a significant threat to the unity of the church
He claimed that he was not interested in a squabble among monks
Which of the following best describe Luther's position on the social questions of his day?
He wanted to see marked improvements in the lives of the peasantry
He was deeply concerned about these questions but feared antagonizing his aristocrats supporters
He was a deeply conservative man who did not want to upset the traditional social order
he feared that his religious reforms would fail unless they were combined with a program to address social concerns
Following the death of her half-sister Mary, Queen Elizabeth of England pursued which of the following religious policies?
She followed her father's example to embrace either Protestantism or Catholicism.
She followed Mary's policy by keeping England within the Catholic Church.
She began a massive persecution of Catholic on the charge of heresy.
She broke with Rome and established a moderate Protestant church.
Expectations for the sixteenth-century Protestant family were influenced by
the doctrine of salvation by grace alone
changes in land-holding patterns by German peasants
Protestant emphasis on primogeniture
Matin Luther's desicion to marry and start a family
For most Florentines, work was tied to
banking
the production of wool cloth
mercenary activities
the Church
Which of the following European states was the first to send sailors into the Indian Ocean?
France
Great Britain
Portugal
Spain
