Bacteria Form And Function Ch 4

These structure
s exist in all
Bacteria

One commonality in the internal structure of bacteria and archaea is...

Bacteria cell walls are made up of a chemical called what?

The walls of these particular cells are tough
and distinct from bacteria and eukaryotic cells

These cells have a nucleus that contain nuclear material

Name the three external appendages of a bacterial cell

Bacteria can form groups called

Bacterial are capable of carrying out all necessary life activities such as..
(name 3)

A long rotating filament attached to a bacterial cell by a basal body that provides motility.

Stored nutrients inside a bacterial cell, suc
h as fat, phosphate, or glycogen deposited in dense crystals or particles that can be tapped into when needed are called..

A coating or layer of molecules external to the bacterial cell wall. It may also serve as an adhesive and has receptor functions.

Pilus

Cell wall

These are fine, hairlike bristles extending from the surface of bacterial cells that assist in adhesion to other cells

S layer

Protein coated packets used to localize enzymes and other proteins in the cytoplasm of a bacteria cell

Plasmid

A dormant body formed within some bacteria that allows for their survival in adverse conditions

What are the three general shapes of bacteria?

What is the average size of a bacterial cell?

What is th
e size of the bacteria
Thiomargarita namibiensis?

A Nanobacteria is what size?

Variations in size and shape among cells of a single species is called..

Average size of a Mycoplasma?

What is the smallest bacteria to date that can be seen under a light microscope?

Groups of four cocci are called

A cubical packet of 8, 16 or more cells of cocci is called....

The arrangement of Streptoccoci

What does an arragement of Staphylococci
look like?

Cells that appear as a side-by-side row of cells as a result of being partially attached and folded back are called...

What bacterial cells rarely remain attached after cell division?

What do Diplobacilli look like?

These bacterial cells are only occasionally found in short chains

What two external appendages provide motility?

These two external components provide attachment points or channels

Name the three parts of a bacterial flagellum

A helical structure composed of protein found on a bacterial flagellum

Monotrichous

Lophotrichous

flagella at both poles of the cell

flagella are dispersed randomly over the surface of the cell

Chemotaxis

Positive chemotaxis

movement of flagellum away from a repellent (potentially harmful) compound.

Phototaxis

Is Phototaxis positive or negative?

Describe what happens when a bacteria cell runs

What causes a bacteria cell to tumble?

What is it called when the flagellum of a bacterial cell reverses direction causing the cell to stop and change course?

As a bacterial cell gets closer to it's attractant, what happens to the run and tumble sequence?

Axial Filaments

Long coiled threads that cause a twisting motion within a spirochete

These bristle-like fibers on the surface of some bacteria have a tendency to stick to each other and to surfaces

These fibers found on the surface of E.coli, may be responsible for biofilms

A long rigid tubular structure, can transfer DNA and is only found in gram-negative bacteria

A pilus is made of a special protein called..

Pili is used in a mating process between cells called..

What is a slime layer?

What is a capsule?

What do capsules protect against?

Capsules are formed by what type of bacteria?

Biofilms are layers of bacteria that form on the surfaces of (give 2 examples

Cell envelope is composed of three parts, what are they?

A Gram-positive cell wall can be described as a...

A Gram-negative bacteria cell wall can be described as having a

What are the characteristics of a cell wall structure?

Describe on important factor that is necessary to consider in order to identify or treat an infection that was caused by a Gram-neg bacteria?

___________ or it's parts can interact with human tissues and contribute to disease?

The lipids of the cell walls of certain ____________ species are harmful to human cells

__________are dominant bodies produced by the bacteria of the genera Bacillus, Clostridium and Sporosarcina

Depletion of nutrients, especially carbon and nitrogen sources is the stimulus for what?

Sporangium is a sporulating cell who's transformation into a spore takes how long?

When does germination of an endospore begin?

Mycelium

Septa

Hyphae

what are the two ways in which fungi can reproduce?

What is the disadvantage of Asexual reproduction for a fungi?

What is the disadvantage of Sexual reproduction for a fungi?

What is the advantage of Sexual reproduction for a fungi?

What are Saprobes?

What are Heterotrophic fungi?

Parasitic fungi

A protozoan that is considered a sprozoan is called a/an_____________ and causes the diesease______________

What mode of locomotion does an apicomplexan use?

These organisms are usually harmless but a few species are parasitic and responsible for millions of infections in humans per year. What classification are they in?

Any unicellular or colonial organism that lacks true tissues

Protozoans are categorized by the way that they

Name 3 methods of locomotion for a protozoan

Most protozoans have 1 of 3 methods of locomotion but a fourth protozoan called_________uses what method of locomotion?

The 2 major taxonomic categories of the kingdom of Protists are....