Covalent Bond

Ionic Bond

Aluminum, copper, silver, gold are examples of materials with this type CRYSTALLINE STRUCTURE.

Metals with BCC structure

Titanium is a metal with this type CRYSTALLINE STRUCTURE.

The material fails because of the presence of a flaw

Fatigue

In this type of failure the material fails because of the temperature and stress.

Nuclei

Is a tiny particle of solid that forms from the liquid as atoms cluster together. Is unstable can grow into a stable nucleus or redissolve.

The minimum size that must be formed by atoms clustering together in the liquid before the solid particle is stable and begins to grow.

Undercooling

To transformate the solid to liquid we need to increase the temperature above its boiling temperature.

Type of nucleation that occurs in high undercooling

Type of nucleation from a preexisting surfaces, like impurities in the molten metal or in the walls of the mold.

Inocutation

Specific Heat

Plannar Growth

The treelike structure of the solid that grows when an undercooled liquid solidifies

Type of growth mechanism present in not well inoculated liquids.

Solidification time

SDAS

To reduce SDAS:

Small SDAS:

Cooling curve for a well inoculated liquid, or pure metal.

Casting product

Simple shape produced by a mold, than requires extensive plastic deformation before finished product is created.

Cast region of randomly oriented grains in the center of a casting

During solidification a material contracts, shrinks, as much as:

Pipe

Extra reservoir of metal, adjacent and conected to the casting to solve solidification defects

Gas Porosity

Gas produced during aluminum solidification

In this type of welding process the filler metal is brass.

Solid-Solution Strengthening

Dispersion Strengthening

Characteristics of a phase

Triple point

1 + C= F + P
Parts

Fredom degrees=2

Freedom degrees over a line in any phase diagram

Part in a phase diagram where the freedom degrees=0

Unlimited solubility

When only a maximum amount of a solute material can be dissolved in a solvent material.

Conditions for unlimited solid solubility.

Electrical conductivity and ductility is better in:

Ternary phase diagram

Solidus Temperature

The temperature above which the alloy is 100% liquid.

Segregation

Homogenization heat treatment

Eutectic reaction

Eutectoid Reaction

Intermetallic compound

Peritectic reaction