mammals have ___ in which the blood is pumped by a powerful muscular heart and circulated in a continuous system of tubes -arteries, veins and capillaries- under pressure.
a closed circulation
an open circulation
The heart is divided into four chambers and blood flows from the ___ side of the heart to the ___ and then back to the ___ side.
right | lungs | left
left | lungs | right
right | body | left
left | body | right
As blood passes ___ through the heart, it is called a ___ circulation.
thrice | double
twice | single
twice | double
four times | double
once | double
Advantages of the circulatory system of mammals are:
oxygenated blood reaches respiring tissues undiluted by deoxygenated blood.
simultaneous low-pressure delivery of oxygenated blood to all regions of the body.
simultaneous high-pressure delivery of oxygenated blood to all regions of the body.
the heart is very strong and so is able to continue pumping blood.
Blood is a special tissue consisting of a liquid medium called ___ in which ___ ( red cells), ___ (white cells) and ___ are suspended.
plasma | erythrocytes | leucocytes | plates
plasma | leucocytes | erythrocytes | palets
plasmodium | erythrocytes | leucocytes | platelets
plasma | erythrocytes | leucocytes | platelets
The erythrocytes are in the transport of reparatory gases.
Plasma transports:
nutrients
urea
undissolved proteins
heat
minerals
dissolved proteins -antibodies
dissolved proteins --with regulatory roles
hormones
oxygen
carbon dioxide
Erythrocytes transport:
dissolved proteins
antibodies
Lymphocytes..
transport carbon dioxide
form antibodies
fight antibodies
Phagocytes..
form bacteria
ingest bacteria
platelets..
play a part in the blood clotting mechanism
transport various substances to body cells
Arteries carry blood to the heart.
Arteries carry blood away from the heart and veins do the opposite.
Capillaries are..
fine networks of tiny tubules linking arteries and veins.
fine network of large tubules separating arteries and veins.
Both arteries and veins have strong walls, but the walls in veins are much thicker and stronger.
In comparison to arteries and veins where the walls are strong due to the presence of ___ , capillaries' walls only consist of ___.
collagen fibres | endothelium
endothelium | collagen fibres
collage fibres | endothelial cells
epithelial fibres | endothelium
Veins have valves at intersections to prevent backflow.
The ___ side of the heart pumps ___ blood to the ___, and the arteries, veins and capillaries serving the ___ are known as ___ circulation.
left | deoxygenated | lungs | lungs | pulmonary
right | oxygenated | body | body | pulmonary
right | deoxygenated | lungs | lungs | pulmonary
Arteries, veins and capillaries serving the ___ side of the heart by taking blood to ___ are known as the ___ circulation.
right | body cells | systemic
right | body cells | pulmonary
right | the lungs | systemic
arteries connect to the main ___ and veins join the ___ carrying blog back to the heart.
aorta | vena cava
vena cava | aorta
semi luna valves
The branching sequence for circulation is:
artery > aorta > arteriole > capillary > venule > vein > semi lunar valve
aorta > artery > arteriole > capillary > venule > vein > vena cava
vena cava > vein > venule > capillary > arteriole > aorta > artery
aorta > artery > venule > capillary > arteriole > vein > vena cava
