Abdominal Doppler and pathology part 1

What is the patient prep for a normal abdominal exam?

What medical things in a patients history will bring them in for a abdominal imaging?

How should the patient be positioned?

What windows are utilized in an abdominal exam?

How do you optimize the image on the screen during an abdominal exam?

The standard abdominal Doppler examination
Should consist of?

The angle of isolation must be _______ to the vessel and to flow to ensure accurate Doppler interrogation.

The Doppler angle should be ______ to obtain the maximum peak systolic velocity.

Where should the sample volume be placed during Doppler?

If your angle is too big during Doppler what will happen?

If your Doppler angle is too small what how will it effect your velocities?

What is the purpose of abdominal Doppler?

A sonographer must be familiar with what 3 things?

What are some examples of Doppler characteristics?

What causes Phasicity of blood flow?

Process of recurring cycles

What are the causes of cyclical pressure fluctuations?

Demonstrates velocity and acceleration fluctuations. Generally cyclical in appearance.

Pulsation, phasic flow pattern secondary to proximity to the right atrium.

What does flow in the hepatic veins reflect?

Hepatic vein pulsatility is partially transmitted to the ______ through the ______

What happens as the hepatic veins empty into the IVC/ RA

An indicator of resistance to perfusion

What does Doppler spectral analysis reveal?

Systolic- diastolic/ systolic

Flow during systole, flow only when the heart is pumping

Flow during systole and diastole, flow when the heart is pumping and when at rest.

Visceral vessels that feed our organs

What is a normal aortic Doppler?

What are the aortic branches?

What does the celiac axis looks like in 2D?

What does the waveform for the celiac axis look like?

Arises from the celiac axis, and courses to the right towards the liver.

What does the waveform look like in the hepatic artery?

What two arteries arise from the celiac axis?

Arises from celiac axis, courses to the left toward the spleen

Is the splenic artery very tortuous?

What does the waveform for a splenic artery look like?

Courses parallel and anterior to the aorta, and surrounded by an echogenic ring.

The SMA has 2 different wave forms what are they?

The bowel is not actively needed, so blood flow is not on high demand, high resistant with minimal diastolic flow

The bowel is active during digestion, so blood is needed, resulting in a low resistant waveform

Branch from the lateral aspect of the aorta

What should the waveform look like for the renal arteries?

Branch from the aorta, low resistant

Anechoic, courses through liver posterior to the left lobe, diameter fluctuations

What are the normal Doppler characteristics for the IVC?

What does hepatopetal flow do?

What veins deliver nutrient rich blood to the liver?

What delivers oxygen rich blood to he liver?

What does hepatofugal flow do?

Which veins remove deoxygenated blood?

What are the normal Doppler characteristics for the splenic vein, SMV, and portal confluence

Portal and splenic flow will ___with inspiration and ___with expiration

Will the portal and SMV increase flow or decrease after eating?

What is the normal Doppler characteristics of the portal vein?

What is the normal portal vein velocity?

What are the 3 main hepatic vein branches?

What is the best way to view the hepatic veins?

Play boy bunny appearance in 2D

What is the hepatic veins normal waveform?

Reflection all or periodicity means?

The a wave on an ECG represents?

The S wave on an ECG represents?

The v wave on an ECG represents?

The d wave on and ECG represents?

Will hepatic flow change if a patient holds his breath?