What is another name for pyrosis?
a. GERD
b. NERD
c. Heartburn
d. Acid Reflux
e. A & B
f. C & D
Which of the following conditions could lead to esophageal cancer if left untreated?
a. NERD
b. Pyrosis
c. GERD
d. None of the above
True or False – NERD usually progresses to GERD over time.
What are considered some risk factors for heartburn?
a. Alcohol
b. Smoking
c. Stress
d. Pregnancy
e. All of the Above
f. None of the Above
If a patient has dysphagia, they are having trouble with which of the following?
a. Difficulty hearing
b. Difficulty speaking
c. Difficulty seeing
d. Difficulty swallowing
True or False? If asked by a patient to treat acid reflux, you should always recommend non-pharmacological options first.
What is the general onset of an antacid?
a. 5 minutes
b. 10 – 15 minutes
c. 15 – 30 minutes
d. 30 minutes to 1hour
Which two drug classes of antibiotics should you watch out for when taking antacids?
a. macrolides & penicillins
b. amino-glycosides & fluoroquinolones
c. quinolones & tetracyclines
d. tetracyclines & macrolides
What is a side effect of calcium salts?
a. belching & flatulence
b. diarrhea
c. constipation
d. edema
e. none of the above
Which salts should you avoid in heart failure, cirrhosis, and hypertensive patients?
a. aluminum salts
b. magnesium salts
c. calcium salts
d. sodium salts
What is the brand name of bismuth subsalicylate (BSS)?
a. Tums
b. Pepto-bismol
c. Kaopectate
d. Prevacid
f. B & C
True or False? Children under the age of 12 can take BSS without any concerns
Which medications does the salicylate component of BSS interfere with?
a. warfarin
b. valproic acid
c. methotrexate
d. all of the above
Which of the following medications is an example of an H2RA?
a. omeprazole (Prilosec)
b. calcium carbonate (Tums)
c. ranitidine (Zantac)
a. lansoprazole (Prevacid)
True or False? Cimetidine is the best option out of all the H2RAs available.
How long does an H2RA typically last?
a. 20 – 60 minutes
b. 2 – 5 hours
c. 4 – 12 hours
d. 24 hours
Match the generic names with the brand names of the H2RAs.
-famotidine = ❌ -Zantac = ❌ -cimetidine = ❌
True or False? H2RAs can be used as needed for acid reflux conditions
How long can proton pump inhibitors (PPI) last for?
a. 5 – 10 hours, up to 24 hours
b. 12 – 18 hours, up to 36 hours
c. 12 – 24 hours, up to 72 hours
d. 24 – 36 hours, up to 48 hours
How long can you take a PPI for before needing to be referred?
a. 10 days
b. 12 days
c. 14 days
d. 21 days
True or False? Rebound symptoms can occur when you stop taking a PPI.
Which of the following medications can cause issues if taken with a PPI?
b. Levaquin
c. Plavix
d. Cymbalta
What should you recommend to Sally, a 7-year-old girl, who is experiencing mild symptoms of acid reflux?
a. famotidine
b. omeprazole
c. calcium carbonate
d. nothing, refer to MD.
What are some non-pharmacological options you could recommend to someone who is experiencing heartburn?
a. Drink 3 cups of coffee every morning
b. Eat larger meals
c. Smoke 1 pack of cigarettes per day
d. Avoid eating less than 3 hours before bed
True or False? Simethicone prevents bubble formation.
What is/are the brand name(s) of simethicone?
a. Gas-X
b. Activated charcoal
c.. Miralax
d. Phazyme
e. All of the above
g. A & D
What is activated charcoal used for?
a. Helps with digestion of lactose containing products
b. Helps with digestion of carbohydrate filled meals
c. Helps with keeping you regular
d. Helps with reducing absorption of many toxic ingestions
True or False? Dietary supplements like Lactaid and Beano will not increase your blood glucose.
Which is considered the first line of treatment for an adult who has gas, but does not know what is triggering it?
a. activated charcoal
b. simethicone
c. Beano
d. Lactaid
e. None of the above
Which medications are associated with constipation?
a. opioids
b. anticholinergics
c. antibiotics
d. calcium supplements
f. A & B
g. B & D
Which is an example of a bulk-forming laxative?
a. Miralax
b. Metamucil
c. Glycerin
d. Docusate
True or False? You must drink an adequate amount of fluid with bulk-forming laxatives otherwise it may swell and cause choking or throat blockage.
Which type of laxatives “draw water into colon via osmosis” to help with constipation?
a. Bulk-forming laxatives
b. Hyperosmotic laxatives
c. Emollient laxatives
d. Lubricant laxatives
Which laxative should you especially avoid taking with mineral oil?
a. Emollient laxatives like docusate
b. Hyperosmotic laxatives like glycerin
c. Bulk-forming laxatives like Citrucel
d. Saline laxatives like magnesium citrate
Which one is a good example of a stimulant laxative?
b. Glycerin
c. Mineral oil
d. Magnesium citrate
e. Bisacodyl
What would you recommend to the parent of a 1½ year old that has been constipated for a couple days?
a. Push fluids to help push stool through
b. Start with docusate or magnesium oxide
c. Nothing. Refer parent to pediatrician for further assistance.
Which special populations are considered most at risk from complications of diarrhea?
a. Children under 5 years old
b. Adolescents between the ages of 13 – 18
c. Young adults between the ages of 21 – 30
d. Elderly adults greater than 65
f. A & D
True or False? Dehydration and electrolyte imbalance are not something to worry about when it comes to complications of diarrhea.
In the “Rehydration Phase” of a 4 year old child, how many mLs of fluid should you give them if they weigh 50 lbs?
a. 500 – 1000mL
b. 800 – 1200mL
c. 1100 – 2300mL
d. 1500- 2500mL
In the “BRAT” diet, what is NOT a component that would be eaten with someone who has acute diarrhea?
a. Bananas
b. Red meat
c. Applesauce
d. Toast
e. All of the above are a part of the BRAT diet
True or False? Loperamide is considered an opioid.
