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Mapa Mental
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Pip Mooney
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more than 1 year ago
Mind map of approaches
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psychology
alevel
aqa
psychology
as - level
Criado por
Pip Mooney
mais de 8 anos atrás
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5123182
mind_map
2018-04-06T16:43:52Z
Approaches
The
origins
Wilhelm Wundt
Behaviourist
Classical
conditioning
Pavlov researched salive
reflex in dogs
Learning through
association
Dogs could be conditioned to
salivate to a bell, associated
with food
Neutral stimulus (bell) can
learn a new response (CR)
through association
Operant
conditioning
Skinner researched rats
learning through an
active process
+ Reinforcement is
receiving reward for
certain behaviour
- Reinforcement is animal avoids
something unpleasant
Punishment is unpleasant
consequence of behaviour
+ CC lead to development of treatments for anxiety due to phobias -
relationship between CS and UCS are difficult to establish in different
species.
+ uses scientific methods -
Skinner used non-human
animals
Social Learning
theory
Modelling is a form of
learning where someone
learns a behaviour by
observing someone else
doing it
Imitation is when someone uses
someone else as a model and
copies their behaviour
Identification is when someone is influences
by someone else and adopts a behaviour
because they want to be associated with
them
Vicarious reinforcement is indirect learning by
someone observing the behaviour of others
Role of mediation processes
focuses on how mental
factors are involved in
learning
Key Study: Bandura et al ('61 Bobo
doll)
Half a group of children
saw a video with an
aggressive adult model
Other half saw non violent
video
Found children who saw violent
video were physically and
verbally aggressive
+ Increase understanding on human behaviour
Akers - someone committing crime modelling
criminals - Its complex because of genes,
environmental factors and media
Cognitive
Study of
internal mental
processes
Can't be studied directly
Schemas help organise and interpret
information - they fill gaps
Theoretical models are simplified
representation based on current
evidence
Computer models analogies
information processing where
information is inputted through
senses, encoded into memory
Emergence of cognitive
neuroscience
The scientific study of the influence of brain
structures on mental processes
Key Study: Burnett et al,
when people feel guilt,
medial prefrontal cortex is
active
+ Cognitive approach has application and is scientific -
Many differences between computer processing and
human processing, it ignores emotion and motivation is
irrelevant to computer
Established
experimental
psychology as a science
by breaking down
behaviours into basic
elements
Introspection was
method of study
Emergence of psychology
as a science
scientific psychology used
empirical methods
Assumptions of
determinism and
predictability
Methods are
objective,
systematic and
replicable
+ objective and systematic methods, determines cause and effect relationship
- Unreliable (relied on non observable responses, introspective not particularly
accurate
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5123182
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2018-04-06T16:43:52Z
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