AS Psychology - Attachment

What is an Attachment?

What is Reciprocity?

What is Interactional Synchrony?

Describe Meltzoff and Moore's Observation (Caregiver-Interactions).

Evaluate Caregiver-Infant Interactions.

What Does Grossman Suggest About the Role of the Father?

What Does Field Suggest About the Role of the Father?

Evaluate Attachment Figures.

Describe Schaffer & Emerson's Study (Method).

Describe Schaffer & Emerson's Study (Findings).

Evaluate Schaffer & Emerson's Study.

What are the 4 stages of attachment? (Include Age)

Describe the Asocial Stage.

Describe the Indiscriminate Attachment Stage.

Describe the Specific Attachment Stage.

Describe the Multiple Attachment Stage.

Evaluate the 4 Stages of Attachment.

Describe Lorenz's imprinting Research (Procedure).

Describe Lorenz's Imprinting Research (Findings).

Describe Imprinting in Lorenz's Research & State the Critical Period.

Describe Lorenz's Sexual Imprinting Study.

Evaluate Lorenz's Research.

Describe Harlow's Research (Procedure & Findings).

Describe Maternally Deprived Monkeys as Adults.

State the Critical Period for Normal Development (Harlow's Research).

Evaluate Harlow's Research.

Evaluate the Ethical Issues with Harlow's Research.

What is the Learning Theory?

Describe Classical Conditioning of Attachment.

Describe Operant Conditioning of Attachment (Give Examples).

Describe Attachment as a Secondary Drive.

Evaluate the Learning Theory and Attachment by Stating the Counter-Evidence from Animal Research.

Evaluate the Learning Theory and Attachment by Stating the Counter-Evidence from Human Research.

What is Bowlby's Monotropic Theory?

What Two Principles Did Bowlby Put Forward to Clarify his Monotropic Theory?

Describe Social Releasers (Bowlby's Monotropic Theory).

Describe the Critical Period (Bowlby's Monotropic Theory).

Describe the Internal Working Model.

Discuss the Mixed Evidence for Monotropy (Evaluation).

Discuss the Support for Social Releasers (Evaluation).

Descrive the Support for the Internal Working Model (Evaluation).

What are the 3 Main Attachment Types?

Describe the Three Main Attachment Types.

What is the Strange Situation?

State and Describe the Behaviours Used to Judge the Attachment.

Describe the Seven Episodes in the Strange Situation.

Describe the Behaviour Each Attachment Type Shows In the Strange Situation.

Describe Ainsworth's Findings.

Disuss the Support for Validity in the Strange Situation (Evaluation).

Discuss the Reliability in the Strange Situation (Evaluation).

Discuss the Fact that the Strange Situation may be Culture-Bound (Evaluation).

What are Cultural Variations?

Describe van IJzendoorn and Kroonenberg's Cultural Variations Study (Procedure).

Describe van IJzendoorn and Kroonenberg's Cultural Variations Study (Findings).

Describe the Italian Study in Cultural Variations.

Describe the Korean Study in Cultural Variations.

What Conclusion(s) Were Drawn for Cultural Variations?

Evaluate the Large Samples in Cultural Variations.

Discuss the Fact that Samples Tend to be Unrepresentative of Culture in Cultural Variations (Evaluation).

What Does Etic, Emic & Imposed Etic Mean?

Discuss the Fact that the Method of Assessment is Biased in Cultural Variations (Evaluation).

What is Maternal Deprivation?

What did Bowlby Propose (Maternal Deprivation)?

Discuss the Difference between Separation and Deprivation (Bowlby's Theory of Maternal Deprivation).

Discuss the Critical Period (Bowlby's Theory of Maternal Deprivation).

Discuss Intellectual Development (in Bowlby's Theory of Maternal Deprivation).

Discuss Emotional Development (in Bowlby's Theory of Maternal Deprivation).

Descrive Bowlby's 44 Thieves Study (Procedure).

Descrive Bowlby's 44 Thieves Study (Findings).

Evaluate the Fact that Evidence maybe be Poor for Bowlby's Theory of Maternal Deprivation.

Discuss the Counter-Evidence for Bowlby's Theory of Maternal Deprivation (Evaluation).

Discuss that the Critical Period is Actually more of a Sensitive Period for Bowlby's Theory of Maternal Deprivation (Evaluation).

What is Institutionalisation?

Discuss Rutter's ERA (English & Romanian Adoptee) Study (Procedure).

Discuss Rutter's ERA Study (Findings).

What is a Disinhibited Attachment? (Rutter's ERA Study)

Describe the Bucharest Early Intervention Project (Procedure).

Describe the Bucharest Early Intervention Project (Findings).

Discuss the Disinhibited Attachment as an Effect of Institutionalisation.

Discuss Mental Retardation as an Effect of Institutionalisation.

Evaluate Real-Life Application (Romanian Orphan Studies: Effects of Institutionalisation).

Evaluate 'Fewer Extraneous Variables than other Orphan Studies'.

Evaluate 'The Romanian Orphanages were not Typical'.

Discuss the Internal Working Model in terms of Attachment & Later Relationships.

Discuss Relationships in Later Childhood.

Discuss McCarthy's Study (Relationship in Adulthood with Romantic Partners).

Discuss Hazan & Shaver's Study (Procedure: Relationships in Adulthood with Romantic Partners).

Discuss Hazan & Shaver's Study (Findings: Relationships in Adulthood with Romantic Partners).

Discuss Relationships in Adulthood as a Parent.

Evaluate 'Evidence on Continuity of Attachment Type is Mixed' (Influence of Early Attachment on Later Relationships).

Evaluate 'Most Studies have Issues of Validity' (Influence of Early Attachment on Later Relationships).

Evaluate 'Association does not mean Causality' (Influence of Early Attachment on Later Relationships).