Thrombosis

What is thrombosis?

How is the coagulation cascade activated? What is the final product?

What is fibrin?

Define thrombosis

What is the key difference between a blood clot and a thrombus?

How can you tell the difference between a blood clot and a thrombus post mortem?

What is the physiological response to vascular injury?

What is the key difference between hemostatic plugs and thrombosis?

What is hemostasis split into?

What are the stages of primary hemostasis?

What is the point of the first stage?

What are the stages of secondary hemostasis.

What prevents thrombotic effects under normal circumstances? (3)

Where do thrombi occur?

What is a key difference between arterial and venous circulation?

How do thrombi in arterial circulation appear? What are they associated with? Capillaries?

Where is atherosclerosis commonly found? What does it result from?

Describe venous circulation thrombi.

What are the sites of deep vein thrombosis? What is different about the sites?

Describe a thrombus

What are the layers of thrombus called?

What are the components of Virchow's Triad? (ie what are the factors which lead to thrombosis)

What happens if you change the vessel wall (increase irregularity) ie reduce smoothness of lining?

What is an atheroma?

How do you reduce the interaction of platelets with the vessel wall?

How do changes in blood flow lead to thrombosis?

What are coagulation factors intrinsic to?

How do changes in coagulative qualities of the blood result in increased risk of thrombosis?

What are the two coagulation pathways?

What can causes changes in coagulative qualities in the blood? (4) What do they result in?

How does intact endothelium prevent thrombosis? (4)

What is the role of heparin/heparin like molecule expression?

What is the role of TPA?

What is the role of PGl2?

What do sulphated mucopolysaccharides (heparin and heparin-like molecules) coat and what do they carry?

What do sulphated mucopolysaccharides activate? Give an example.

What is the role heparin? What is this trying to achieve?

What is the role of TPA?

When do endothelial cells generate PGl2? How is this offset?

What is the most common cause of thrombi?

What does 'changes in blood constituents' refer to?

What are platelets?

What causes platelet concentration to increase? What does this result in?

What is the normal concentration of platelets? Abnormal?

What is the diameter of a platelet? Life span?

What do platelets contain?

What do alpha granules contain? (3)

What do dense bodies contain?

How does PGl2 interact with platelets?

What does granule release result in?

Describe the steps of platelet activation. (3)

What mediates platelet aggregation?

What do platelets generate which opposes PGl2?

What do prostaglandin and thromboxane derive from? What enzyme is used to produce them?

What are the products from arachidonic acid? Eicosapentaenoic acid?

What is the key difference between the products of arachidonic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid?

What diet can decrease risk of thrombosis?

What is the second part of virchow's triad?

What does increasing the coagulation factors result in? What are the two coagulation pathways?

What is the control factor for coagulation?

What are the different ways of preventing fibrin formation?

What is the genetic abnormality which results in a factor which is more resistant to degradation?

What are the risks associated with this abnormality?

What number of people who involved in a thrombotic event had a factor V abnormality?

What other disorder can result in an increased thrombotic risk? Where is it prevelant?

How can you decrease the risk of thrombosis after surgery?

Why do you see turbulence in blood?

Describe laminar flow

What does turbulent flow result in? What is likely to cause an increase in turbulent flow?

What are the most common arterial sites of thrombosis? What are the risk factors particularly in the arteries?

Why do (mural) thrombi form in the heart?

Where do thrombi in the venous circulation form?

What is one of the secondary dangerous things which result from a thrombus?

What are the possible events following a thrombus?

What are the differences in arterial and venous thrombi?