Sympathetic nervous system has cranial and sacral parts.
Parasympathetic nervous system has long preganglionic and short postganglionic fibers.
Hippocampus is a three-layered allocortex
Amygdaloid body is concerned with emotion control.
Adrenal medulla cells are derived from modified postganglionic sympathetic neurons
Both preganglionic and postganglionic fibers of the sympathetic nervous system are myelinated.
The pupil is small if the stellate ganglion is removed from the neck of the first rib.
The rami communicantes are associated only with the sympathetic division of the ANS
The adrenal medulla is considered a “misplaced” sympathetic ganglion by some
Which of the following is true in respect to the ciliary ganglion?
Sympathetic fibers synapse in the ciliary ganglion.
Afferent fibers from the iris and cornea pass through the ganglion
The ganglion is located between the optic nerve and medial rectus
Parasympathetic fibers in the ganglion are derived from CN VII
Parasympathetic fibers in the ganglion are distributed to the retina and lens
Which of the nerves below provides parasympathetic supply of glandula parotidea:
n. petrosus profundus
n. glossopharyngeus
n. trigeminus
n. facialis
n. vagus
The sacral outflow of the parasympathetic (craniosacral) system enters the pelvic Plexus via:
hypogastric nerves
pelvic splanchnic nerves
pudendal nerves
sacral splanchnic nerves
Preganglionic parasympathetic nerve fibers within the pelvic (inferior hypogastric) plexus arise from S2, 3, 4 and enter the plexus via:
gray rami communicantes
white rami conummunicantes
Choose the statement that does not accurately reflect the differences between the somatic and autonomic motor systems.
Somatic nerve fibers are fast-conducting; autonomic fibers are slow-conducting.
Somatic leads to heart muscle; autonomic leads to skeletal muscle.
Somatic impulses are excitatory only; autonomic impulses are excitatory or inhibitory.
Somatic receptors have a specialized motor end plate; autonomic receptors do not.
Which is the true statement regarding the sympathetic nervous system?
Both preganglionic and postganglionic fibers are myelinated.
Preganglionic neurons exit the spinal cord in the cervical and sacral regions.
Adrenal medulla cells are derived from modified postganglionic sympathetic neurons.
The sympathetic nervous system is rarely activated as a unit.
Regarding the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system:
parasympathetic preganglionic fibers are found in all cranial nerves
parasympathetic vasoconstrictor fibers are present in the salivary glands
paraympathetic postganglionic neurons are found in spinal ganglia from T1 to L2
parasympathetic postganglionic fibers secrete acetylcholine onto their target organs
Regarding the role of the autonomic innervation:
Stimulation of the the sympathetic nerves to the eyes causes pupillary constriction
Activation of the sympathetic system causes vasodilatation in the skin
Activation of the sympathetic system causes vasoconstriction in the viscera and vasodilatation in the skeletal muscle
Stimulation of the vagus nerves speed up the heart
The rami communicantes are designated white or gray depending on whether they are
from the sympathetic or parasympathetic system
in the thoracic or lumbar region
myelinated or not
from the white or gray matter of the central nervous system
Parasympathetic nerves in the thorax
cause contraction of the muscle in the lung
supply sensory fibres to the lung
are secretormotor to the oesophagus.
cause the longitudinal muscle of the oesophagus to relax.
supply sensory fibres to the pericardium.
Which of the cranial nerve nuclei listed below are visceromotor (parasympathetic)?
nucleus dorsalis nervi vagi
n.salivatorius caudaiis
n.ambiguus
n.nervi facialis
n.solitarius
Postganglionic sympathetic neurons
release neurotransmtter acetylcholine
have non-myelinated axons
send short fibers to the target organs
have slow-conducting fibers
supply skeletal muscles
Regarding the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system
acetylcholine is secreted by some sympathetic postganglionic fibers.
most sympathetic preganglionic fibers secrete norepinephrine (noradrenaline).
sympathetic postganglionic neurons are found in spinal segments from T1 to L2.
the sympathetic chain extends from the thoracic to the sacral regions of the spinal cord.
sympathetic preganglionic neurons are found in spinal lateral horns.
Regarding the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system
parasympathetic preganglionic fibers are found in all cranial nerves.
parasympathetic postganglionic neurons are found in spinal ganglia from T1 to L2.
parasympathetic postganglionic fibers secrete acetylcholine onto their target organs.
parasympathetic preganglionic neurons are found in sacral segments.
parasympathetic ganglia are close to the organs.
The pelvic splanchnic nerves primarily carry to the plexus.
