Natalie Balzert
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104 Astronomy Quiz sobre Astronomy 103 Exam 3, criado por Natalie Balzert em 05-05-2016.

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Natalie Balzert
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Astronomy 103 Exam 3

Questão 1 de 48

1

As the universe cooled shortly after the Big Bang, which was the first fundamental force to separate itself out from the others?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Electromagnetism

  • Gravity

  • The nuclear force

  • The strong force

  • The weak force

Explicação

Questão 2 de 48

1

The ability for one generation to pass on its characteristics to future generations is known as:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Luck

  • Mutations

  • Heredity

  • Self-replication

  • Duplication

Explicação

Questão 3 de 48

1

Which of the following Solar Systems objects is NOT a good candidate for future searches for life?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Mars, because it once had liquid water on the surface

  • Jupiter's moon Europa, because it appears to have liquid water under its frozen surface

  • Saturn's moon Titan, because it has an atmosphere containing many organic molecules

  • Pluto, because a large portion of it is made of water ice.

  • Saturn's moon Enceladus, because its cryovolcanoes indicate that it has liquid water under the surface

Explicação

Questão 4 de 48

1

Why was a comet impact 65 million years ago a chance happening that benefited the evolution of humans?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • It deposited a significant amount of nitrogen into the Earth's atmosphere

  • It led to an increase in global UV radiation, which killed off most of the forests and jungles

  • Mammals got an evolutionary boost

  • Plant life began to decline

  • It brought human DNA to Earth

Explicação

Questão 5 de 48

1

In 1952, chemists Harold Urey and Stanley Miller mixed ammonia, methane, and hydrogen; in a closed container; zapped it with electrical sparks and found that:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • They could induce cold fusion to occur

  • They could not induce any amino acids to form

  • Single-celled microorganisms had been spontaneously created

  • They had created many of the amino acids contained in DNA

  • They created life in a test tube

Explicação

Questão 6 de 48

1

Why could life not have existed on land any earlier than 475 million years ago?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • The temperature was too high

  • There was too little sunlight

  • There was too little oxygen in the atmosphere

  • Earth was covered in erupting volcanoes

  • There was no land because Earth was covered in water

Explicação

Questão 7 de 48

1

Which of the following is a likely source of the energy needed to create the first life of Earth?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Land volcanoes

  • Asteroid impacts

  • Lightning

  • Fire

  • Earthquakes

Explicação

Questão 8 de 48

1

What do astronomers mean when they say that the Sun makes energy by hydrogen burning?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • The Sun is combusting hydrogen in a fire and releasing energy

  • The Sun is fusing hydrogen into uranium and releasing energy

  • The Sun is made of mostly hydrogen at very high temperature

  • The Sun is fusion hydrogen into helium and releasing energy

  • The Sun is accumulating hydrogen from the solar wind and releasing energy

Explicação

Questão 9 de 48

1

When two atomic nuclei come together to form a new species of atom, this is called:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Nuclear fission

  • Nuclear recombination

  • Nuclear splitting

  • Nuclear fusion

  • Ionization

Explicação

Questão 10 de 48

1

If the core of the Sun were hotter than it is now, how would the Sun's energy production change?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • It would produce less energy per second than it does now

  • It would produce more energy per second than it does now

  • Its energy production would vary more than it does now

  • Its energy production would be more stable than it is now

  • The Sun's energy production would not change.

Explicação

Questão 11 de 48

1

The energy that fuels the Sun is generated:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Only on its surface

  • Only in its core

  • Only in the solar wind

  • Both in its core and on its surface

  • By plugging into the wall socket

Explicação

Questão 12 de 48

1

The detection of solar neutrinos confirms that:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • The Sun's core is powered by proton-proton fusion

  • Energy transport by radiation occurs throughout much of the solar interior

  • Magnetic fields are responsible for surface activity on the Sun

  • Convection churns the base of the solar atmosphere

  • Sunspots are cooler than the rest of the photosphere

Explicação

Questão 13 de 48

1

Sunspots appear dark because they have _____ then the surrounding gas.

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Higher densities

  • Lower densities

  • Higher pressures

  • Lower temperatures

  • Higher temperatures

Explicação

Questão 14 de 48

1

Which of the following are created by solar magnetic activity?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Sunspots

  • Prominences

  • Coronal mass ejections

  • Solar flares

  • All of the above

Explicação

Questão 15 de 48

1

The darkest part of a sunspots is called the:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Penumbra

  • Umbra

  • Granule

  • Photosphere

  • Magnetic field

Explicação

Questão 16 de 48

1

If you observe a maximum number of sunspots right now, how long would you have to wait to see the next solar maximum?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • 24 hours

  • 6 months

  • 1 year

  • 11 years

  • 22 years

Explicação

Questão 17 de 48

1

Most asteroids are located between the orbits of:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Earth and Mars

  • Mars and Jupiter

  • Jupiter and Saturn

  • Neptune and Pluto

  • The Kuiper Belt and the Oort Cloud

Explicação

Questão 18 de 48

1

The mass of all the known asteroids combined is approximately equal to:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Half the mass of Earth

  • Three times the mass of Earth

  • Twice the mass of Mars

  • The mass of Mars

  • One-third the mass of the Moon

Explicação

Questão 19 de 48

1

Most asteroids are closest in shape to:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • A potato

  • A banana

  • A hot dog

  • A stick

  • A baseball

Explicação

Questão 20 de 48

1

The one orbital characteristic both short- and long-period comets share is:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Mostly prograde orbits

  • Orbits with completely random tilts

  • Mostly retrograde orbits

  • Orbital periods longer than any planet

  • Highly eccentric orbits

Explicação

Questão 21 de 48

1

Comet Halley is unique because:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • It was the first comet whose return was predicted

  • It is a member of the Jovian family, but has a retrograde orbit

  • Its period is less than a human lifetime

  • It was successfully visited by a spacecraft

  • It was the brightest comet ever observed by humans

Explicação

Questão 22 de 48

1

A large meteor shower will often occur once a year because:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Earth typically has one large volcanic eruption every year

  • The Earth's orbit passes through the Apollo asteroid belt

  • The comet-keeper has a good calendar

  • Jupiter routinely disturbs the orbits of asteroids in the Jovian belt

  • The Earth passes through the debris left behind by a specific comet

Explicação

Questão 23 de 48

1

In the early universe, when the Solar System had yet to be cleared of the debris out of which it formed, which type of object would have been most likely to deposit water onto Earth's surface?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Comets

  • Asteroids

  • A Mars-sized protoplanet

  • A rogue moon

  • A monsoon

Explicação

Questão 24 de 48

1

Meteor showers appear as if they are coming from one particular place in the sky because:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • That is the direction in which the comet is coming toward us

  • That is the direction in which the comet is moving away from us

  • That is the direction toward which Earth is traveling

  • That is the direction Earth just passed

  • That is the location in the sky from which the meteors originate

Explicação

Questão 25 de 48

1

Hydrostatic equilibrium is a balance between:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Heat and centrifugal force

  • Core temperature and surface temperature

  • Pressure and gravity

  • Radiation and heat

  • Centrifugal force gravity

Explicação

Questão 26 de 48

1

The majority of the Sun's energy comes from:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Gravitational contraction

  • Nuclear fission of uranium

  • Hydrogen fusion

  • Helium burning

  • Burning material as in a fire

Explicação

Questão 27 de 48

1

Jupiter and Saturn are composed primarily of:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Hydrogen

  • Helium

  • Water

  • Ammonia

  • Carbon

Explicação

Questão 28 de 48

1

Which planet received the least amount of energy from the Sun?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Jupiter

  • Earth

  • Neptune

  • Saturn

  • Uranus

Explicação

Questão 29 de 48

1

Which of these observations would allow you to measure the mass of a planet?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • The planet's orbital period

  • The planet's rotational period

  • The planet's distance from the Sun

  • The orbit of one of that planet's moons

  • The planet's blood pressure

Explicação

Questão 30 de 48

1

Which of the giant planets was predicted to exist mathematically before it was ever seen through a telescope?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Jupiter

  • Saturn

  • Uranus

  • Neptune

Explicação

Questão 31 de 48

1

How is the atmosphere of Saturn similar to the atmosphere of Earth?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • They are both made of mostly hydrogen and helium

  • They both create magnetic fields

  • They both have jet streams and periods of stormy and calm weather

  • They both rotate in less than 11 hours

  • They both have a seamless transition between gas and liquid

Explicação

Questão 32 de 48

1

The Great Red Spot, Jupiter's most prominent storm system, has a diameter that is _____ times the Earth's diameter.

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Two

  • Five

  • 10

  • 50

  • 100

Explicação

Questão 33 de 48

1

Why aren't all clouds on Jupiter white, like on Earth?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Jupiter's clouds are made of methane

  • Jupiter's clouds are made of carbon dioxide

  • There are chemical impurities in the ice crystals in Jupiter's clouds

  • The Sun is not as bright when views from Jupiter compared to what it looks like from Earth

  • For the same reason that we see colors in rainbows on Earth

Explicação

Questão 34 de 48

1

Uranus and Neptune are bluish green in color because they contain large amounts of:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Ammonia

  • Methane

  • Water vapor

  • Hydrocarbons

  • Oxygen

Explicação

Questão 35 de 48

1

We refer to some of the inner regions of Jupiter and Saturn as metallic hydrogen because they:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Are as dense as lead

  • Are solid

  • Provide support for the upper layers of hydrogen and helium

  • Efficiently conduct electricity

  • Are found in the core like iron is found at the core of the Earth

Explicação

Questão 36 de 48

1

Who first discovered moons around a planet in our Solar System other than the Earth?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Newton

  • Kepler

  • Galileo

  • Huygens

  • Einstein

Explicação

Questão 37 de 48

1

Which property of a moon might lead you to believe it was a captured asteroid?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • It is tidally locked

  • Its orbital axis is tilted by 5 degrees compared to the planet's rotational axis

  • It rotates in the opposite direction than its planet rotates

  • Its surface is very smooth and lacks craters

  • It is roughly the size of Earth's moon

Explicação

Questão 38 de 48

1

Assume that we discover a new moon of Jupiter. It orbits Jupiter at a large distance and in the opposite direction that Jupiter rotates. It is much smaller than than most of Jupiter's other moons and has a density close to that of Earth rocks. Therefore, this moon is most likely:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • A regular moon that formed with Jupiter in the early solar system

  • An irregular moon that is most likely a captured asteroid

  • An irregular moon that is most likely a captured comet

  • An irregular moon that is most likely a protoplanet which collided with Jupiter in the early solar system and then was caught in orbit by Jupiter's gravity

  • More information is needed before any conclusion can be made

Explicação

Questão 39 de 48

1

Which of the following can be used as an indicator of the age of a moon's surface

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Color of the surface

  • Crater density

  • Volcanic activity

  • Radioactive dating

  • All of the above

Explicação

Questão 40 de 48

1

Io has the most volcanic activity in the Solar System because:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • It is continually being bombarded with material in Saturn's E ring

  • It is one of the largest moons and its interior is heated by radioactive decays

  • Of gravitational friction caused by the moon Enceladus

  • Its interior is tidally heated as it orbits around Jupiter

  • The ice on the surface creates a large pressure on the water below

Explicação

Questão 41 de 48

1

Titan is high-priority candidate for the search for life outside Earth primarily because it has:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Liquid water

  • A dense atmosphere like Earth's

  • Warm temperatures

  • Active volcanoes

  • Organic material

Explicação

Questão 42 de 48

1

Which of the following moons do scientists believe most closely represents the primordial Earth, although at a much lower temperature?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Titan

  • Europa

  • Callisto

  • Io

  • Ganymede

Explicação

Questão 43 de 48

1

Two years after first being observed, astronomers reported that Saturn's rings vanished. What happened to them?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • The old ring system dissipated, and since then a new one has formed

  • The orbital plane of the rings was seen edge-on, and the rings were too thin to be visible

  • Most telescopes used hundreds of years ago couldn't adequately resolve the ring system

  • Astronomers were looking at the wrong planet, leading to the chance discovery of Uranus

  • They were stolen by the wicked witch of the east

Explicação

Questão 44 de 48

1

Which of the giant planets does NOT have rings?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Jupiter

  • Saturn

  • Uranus

  • Neptune

  • All of the giant planets have rings

Explicação

Questão 45 de 48

1

Extremophiles on Earth have been found:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • In the scalding waters of Yellowstone's hot springs

  • In the bone-dry oxidizing environment of Chile's Atacama Desert

  • In the Dead Sea

  • The deep subsurface ice of the Antarctic ice sheet

  • All of the above

Explicação

Questão 46 de 48

1

Pluto has a density that is roughly equal to two times that of:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • A feather

  • Water

  • Lead

  • A rock

  • Air

Explicação

Questão 47 de 48

1

Why is hydrogen burning the main energy source for main-sequence stars?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Hydrogen is the most common element in stars

  • Hydrogen nuclei have the smallest positive charge

  • Hydrogen burning is the most efficient of all fusion or fission reations

  • Hydrogen can fuse at temperatures lower than other elements

  • All the above are valid reasons

Explicação

Questão 48 de 48

1

When astronomers refer to "heavy elements," which elements are they talking about?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • All elements

  • All elements more massive than hydrogen

  • All elements more massive than helium

  • All elements more massive than carbon

  • All elements more massive than iron

Explicação