1.2 Earthquakes

Questão 1 de 29

14

Complete the table on properties of seismic waves.

Arraste a resposta correta para cada ponto laranja.

Longitudinal

Transverse

Lateral movement

Can travel through solids and liquids

Controlled by incompressibility

Body waves

Cannot pass through liquids

Controlled by rigidity

Travel at 70% of the speed of P waves

Reflected by Moho

Last to arrive

Surface wave

Large amplitude

Long wavelength

Explicação

Questão 2 de 29

1

Complete the table to show how earthquakes are classified by the depth of the focus.

Arraste a resposta correta para cada ponto laranja.

0-70km

70-300km

300-700km

Explicação

Questão 3 de 29

2

Preencha os espaços em branco para completar o texto.

Earthquakes do not at depths greater than 720km because deeper, warm rocks are not enough to so do not occur.

Explicação

Questão 4 de 29

1

What is the rigidity of a liquid?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

0
12
1
-6

Explicação

Questão 5 de 29

2

Preencha os espaços em branco para completar o texto.

The S wave shadow zone is found at:
degrees to degrees.
The P wave shadow zone is found at:
degrees to degrees.

Explicação

Questão 6 de 29

1

Body waves travel through the interior of the Earth.

Selecione uma das opções:

VERDADEIRO
FALSO

Explicação

Questão 7 de 29

1

Surface waves travel just below the Earth's surface.

Selecione uma das opções:

VERDADEIRO
FALSO

Explicação

Questão 8 de 29

1

L waves lose energy slowly with distance away from the epicentre.

Selecione uma das opções:

VERDADEIRO
FALSO

Explicação

Questão 9 de 29

1

Body waves are responsible for damage to buildings.

Selecione uma das opções:

VERDADEIRO
FALSO

Explicação

Questão 10 de 29

2

Preencha os espaços em branco para completar o texto.

Focus = The point the Earth at which the earthquake originates.
= the point on the Earth's surface, directly the focus and shows where the greatest amount of is likely to occur.

Explicação

Questão 11 de 29

1

Preencha os espaços em branco para completar o texto.

Isoseismal line = A on a map which joins up points of equal , separating zones of different intensities.

Explicação

Questão 12 de 29

1

At the Gutenberg discontinuity P waves slow down and refract from their original path.

Selecione uma das opções:

VERDADEIRO
FALSO

Explicação

Questão 13 de 29

1

S waves can travel through liquids.

Selecione uma das opções:

VERDADEIRO
FALSO

Explicação

Questão 14 de 29

1

Preencha os espaços em branco para completar o texto.

Mercalli Scale:
- Measures the of an earthquake based on the felt in a particular area.
- It is a point scale.

Explicação

Questão 15 de 29

1

Preencha os espaços em branco para completar o texto.

Richter Scale:
- Measures the of an earthquake by recording the of seismic waves.
- The values are then converted into a scale.

Explicação

Questão 16 de 29

1

Define the term magnitude.

Selecione uma das seguintes:

A measure of the amount of strain released by an earthquake.
A measure of the damage caused by an earthquake.

Explicação

Questão 17 de 29

1

Define the term intensity.

Selecione uma das seguintes:

A measure of the damage caused by an earthquake.
A measure of the amount of strain released by an earthquake.

Explicação

Questão 18 de 29

1

Amplitude of L-waves in different types of rock:

Solid, ❌ rocks allow vibrations to pass through easily.
Waves are transferred with minimal damage to structures.
L wave amplitude is ❌.

❌ sediment ❌ freely.
L wave amplitude ❌.
Intensity ❌ than on consolidated rock.

Arraste e solte para completar o texto.

competent

Unconsolidated

oscillates

low

higher

greater

Explicação

Questão 19 de 29

1

Define: Seismograph

Selecione uma das seguintes:

A device which receives and records seismic vibrations.
A device which receives seismic vibrations and converts them into s signal which can be transmitted and recorded.
A paper or electronic record made by a seismograph.

Explicação

Questão 20 de 29

1

Define: Seismometer

Selecione uma das seguintes:

A paper or electronic record made by a seismograph.
A device which receives seismic vibrations and converts them into a signal which can be transmitted and recorded.
A device which receives and records seismic vibrations.

Explicação

Questão 21 de 29

1

Define: Seismogram

Selecione uma das seguintes:

A device which receives and records seismic vibrations.
A device which receives seismic vibrations and converts them into s signal which can be transmitted and recorded.
A paper or electronic record made by a seismograph.

Explicação

Questão 22 de 29

4

Preencha os espaços em branco para completar o texto.

Earthquakes occur in solid, , competent rocks as they suddenly and move relative to each other.
The seismic energy is transmitted through the rocks as seismic .

Weak incompetent rocks steadily under stress by folding or plastic flow. They do not so earthquakes cannot occur.

Explicação

Questão 23 de 29

2

How will intensity and damage to buildings change if underlying geology consists of unconsolidated sands?

The intensity will ❌ as unconsolidated sands ❌ the seismic waves, which decreases the wave ❌ and increases the wave ❌, resulting in greater ❌ to buildings.

Arraste e solte para completar o texto.

increase

absorb

speed

amplitude

damage

Explicação

Questão 24 de 29

2

Preencha os espaços em branco para completar o texto.

The of seismic waves is larger in unconsolidated sediments resulting in greater to buildings.
In consolidated sediment the seismic waves are .

Explicação

Questão 25 de 29

1

Preencha os espaços em branco para completar o texto.

Physical effects of earthquakes:
Ground
Damage to
L
Land
After
T

Explicação

Questão 26 de 29

1

Preencha os espaços em branco para completar o texto.

Social and economic effects of earthquakes:
Infrastructure and c damaged affects how quickly people can respond to effects of earthquake.
Damaged water pipes can affect supply of clean water and lead to risk of disease spreading.
D and i of people impacting families.
Loss of p supply.

Explicação

Questão 27 de 29

1

How do earthquakes cause liquefaction?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

The ground vibrates and so behaves like a liquid.
The ground shakes.
The ground collapses due to rise of water.

Explicação

Questão 28 de 29

1

Preencha o espaço em branco para completar o texto.

How do earthquakes cause tsunamis?

A large of water is displaced as a result of the earthquake being at a shallow depth below the sea.

Explicação

Questão 29 de 29

5

How can the impact of an earthquake be reduced on built structures?

Flexible pipes and electricity ❌
- prevents pipes from ❌ / stops ❌
Cross-bracing
- ❌ building
Mass on roof of tall buildings / ❌
- acts as a counterbalance as the building ❌
❌ shaped structure
- more stable due to ❌ base
Base ❌
- ❌ ground vibrations
Reinforced ❌
- provides greater ❌ and firmer base

Arraste e solte para completar o texto.

cables

fracturing

fires

strengthens

damping

sways

Pyramid

wider

isolation

absorbs

foundations

support

	Criado por Izzy Backhouse aproximadamente 8 anos atrás

pgs. 14-23

1.2 Earthquakes

Questão 1 de 29

Complete the table on properties of seismic waves.

Arraste a resposta correta para cada ponto laranja.

Explicação

Questão 2 de 29

Complete the table to show how earthquakes are classified by the depth of the focus.

Arraste a resposta correta para cada ponto laranja.

Explicação

Questão 3 de 29

Preencha os espaços em branco para completar o texto.

Earthquakes do not at depths greater than 720km because deeper, warm rocks are not enough to so do not occur.

Explicação

Questão 4 de 29

What is the rigidity of a liquid?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Explicação

Questão 5 de 29

Preencha os espaços em branco para completar o texto.

The S wave shadow zone is found at: degrees to degrees. The P wave shadow zone is found at: degrees to degrees.

Explicação

Questão 6 de 29

Body waves travel through the interior of the Earth.

Selecione uma das opções:

Explicação

Questão 7 de 29

Surface waves travel just below the Earth's surface.

Selecione uma das opções:

Explicação

Questão 8 de 29

L waves lose energy slowly with distance away from the epicentre.

Selecione uma das opções:

Explicação

Questão 9 de 29

Body waves are responsible for damage to buildings.

Selecione uma das opções:

Explicação

Questão 10 de 29

Preencha os espaços em branco para completar o texto.

Focus = The point the Earth at which the earthquake originates. = the point on the Earth's surface, directly the focus and shows where the greatest amount of is likely to occur.

Explicação

Questão 11 de 29

Preencha os espaços em branco para completar o texto.

Isoseismal line = A on a map which joins up points of equal , separating zones of different intensities.

Explicação

Questão 12 de 29

At the Gutenberg discontinuity P waves slow down and refract from their original path.

Selecione uma das opções:

Explicação

Questão 13 de 29

S waves can travel through liquids.

Selecione uma das opções:

Explicação

Questão 14 de 29

Preencha os espaços em branco para completar o texto.

Mercalli Scale: - Measures the of an earthquake based on the felt in a particular area. - It is a point scale.

Explicação

Questão 15 de 29

Preencha os espaços em branco para completar o texto.

Richter Scale: - Measures the of an earthquake by recording the of seismic waves. - The values are then converted into a scale.

Explicação

Questão 16 de 29

Define the term magnitude.

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Explicação

Questão 17 de 29

Define the term intensity.

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Explicação

Questão 18 de 29

Amplitude of L-waves in different types of rock: Solid, ❌ rocks allow vibrations to pass through easily. Waves are transferred with minimal damage to structures. L wave amplitude is ❌. ❌ sediment ❌ freely. L wave amplitude ❌. Intensity ❌ than on consolidated rock.

Arraste e solte para completar o texto.

Explicação

Questão 19 de 29

Define: Seismograph

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Explicação

Questão 20 de 29

Define: Seismometer

The S wave shadow zone is found at:
degrees to degrees.
The P wave shadow zone is found at:
degrees to degrees.

Focus = The point the Earth at which the earthquake originates.
= the point on the Earth's surface, directly the focus and shows where the greatest amount of is likely to occur.

Mercalli Scale:
- Measures the of an earthquake based on the felt in a particular area.
- It is a point scale.

Richter Scale:
- Measures the of an earthquake by recording the of seismic waves.
- The values are then converted into a scale.

Amplitude of L-waves in different types of rock:

Solid, ❌ rocks allow vibrations to pass through easily.
Waves are transferred with minimal damage to structures.
L wave amplitude is ❌.

❌ sediment ❌ freely.
L wave amplitude ❌.
Intensity ❌ than on consolidated rock.

Earthquakes occur in solid, , competent rocks as they suddenly and move relative to each other.
The seismic energy is transmitted through the rocks as seismic .

Weak incompetent rocks steadily under stress by folding or plastic flow. They do not so earthquakes cannot occur.

How will intensity and damage to buildings change if underlying geology consists of unconsolidated sands?

The intensity will ❌ as unconsolidated sands ❌ the seismic waves, which decreases the wave ❌ and increases the wave ❌, resulting in greater ❌ to buildings.

The of seismic waves is larger in unconsolidated sediments resulting in greater to buildings.
In consolidated sediment the seismic waves are .

Physical effects of earthquakes:
Ground
Damage to
L
Land
After
T

Social and economic effects of earthquakes:
Infrastructure and c damaged affects how quickly people can respond to effects of earthquake.
Damaged water pipes can affect supply of clean water and lead to risk of disease spreading.
D and i of people impacting families.
Loss of p supply.

How do earthquakes cause tsunamis?

A large of water is displaced as a result of the earthquake being at a shallow depth below the sea.