550 WHAP questions by Princeton Review (2013) - Diagnostic Test

Questão 1 de 70

1

All of the following ancient civilizations developed near river valleys EXCEPT

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Sumerian
Egyptian
Chavin
Shang

Explicação

Questão 2 de 70

1

The two major religions practiced in Classical India were

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Hinduism and Buddhism
Islam and Buddhism
Islam and Hinduism
Catholicism and Hinduism

Explicação

Questão 3 de 70

1

Which of the following was NOT characteristic of early civilizations?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Caravan trade
Urban centers
Growing populations
Agricultural surplus

Explicação

Questão 4 de 70

1

The location and architecture of buildings in major Mayan cities such as Palenque are most likely based on

Selecione uma das seguintes:

defensibility from attack by sea
astronomical observations and phenomena
accessibility of major trade routes
haphazard, population-driven expansion

Explicação

Questão 5 de 70

1

The Silk Roads, the largest trade network of the ancient world, were controlled by

Selecione uma das seguintes:

India
Christians
China
Buddhists

Explicação

Questão 6 de 70

1

Which of the following is an accurate characterization of trade along the overland route between the Roman Empire and India through the first two centuries C.E.? (first: from Roman Empire, second: from India)

A:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Silver and gold; silk and cotton cloth
Horses; olive oil and pepper
Indigo; silver and gold
Olive oil and pepper; silver and gold

Explicação

Questão 7 de 70

1

The Hebrews were unique in ancient civilization for their

Selecione uma das seguintes:

large, centralized state
belief in monotheism
strong military tradition
relative equality of social classes

Explicação

Questão 8 de 70

1

Which of the following is an accurate statement about the ancient Greeks?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

The Greeks incorporated the gods of the Persians after the Persian Wars.
It is the commitment to arts and sciences in Greece's Golden Age that would become cornerstones of Western culture.
Greece's philosophers concentrated on the afterlife, beginning new religions.
During the Golden Age of Pericles, the Greeks abolished slavery.

Explicação

Questão 9 de 70

1

Source: Encyclopedie: Classical Orders, engraving from the Encyclopédie vol. 18. Public domain eighteenth century French engraving.

The columns illustrated are architectural contributions from which civilization?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

China
Persia
Sumer
Greece

Explicação

Questão 10 de 70

1

Ashoka Maurya is responsible for which religion's expansion beyond India and into many parts of Southeast Asia?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Hinduism
Daoism
Buddhism
Christianity

Explicação

Questão 11 de 70

1

Which of the following is an important contribution of the Lydians?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Their dualistic beliefs inspired the Zoroastrian religion.
Their development of a written alphabet was adapted by the Phoenicians.
Their introduction of coined money facilitated development of global trade.
Their defeat by the Aryans began the formation of the modern state of India.

Explicação

Questão 12 de 70

1

Emperor Justinian of Byzantium preserved Roman customs in which of the following ways?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

He unified the Byzantine Empire by making the Roman Catholic Church the official state church when the Western Roman Empire crumbled.
He codified Roman legal principles in the Justinian Code, even as those principles fell out of use in the West.
He pursued an aggressive foreign policy of conquering the Germanic tribes who held the Western Roman Empire.
He mandated the use of Latin in all official government documentation and commercial transactions in the Eastern Roman Empire.

Explicação

Questão 13 de 70

1

Which of the following contributed significantly to the decline of both the Han and Gupta empires?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Conflict with nomadic invaders
Population growth leading to overcrowding
Tax revolts by the upper class
Government corruption

Explicação

Questão 14 de 70

1

Which of the following was NOT a major effect of movement along the Silk Road?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

The spread of epidemic diseases throughout Europe or Asia.
The use of a common language among the countries along the road.
The exchange of religious ideas between the East and West.
The transmission of artistic influences among culture.

Explicação

Questão 15 de 70

1

Along the trade routes of the post-classical period spread

Selecione uma das seguintes:

disease
religion
technology
all of the choices

Explicação

Questão 16 de 70

1

All of the following were contributions from cultures Muslim invaders absorbed from civilization they were in contact with EXCEPT (first: the civilization; second: their contribution)

Selecione uma das seguintes:

India; system of numbers
Greece; anatomy
Japan; philosophy
Greece; astronomy

Explicação

Questão 17 de 70

1

Which of the following is not one of the Five Pillars of Islam?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Pilgrimage to Mecca
Confession
Charitable giving
Fasting

Explicação

Questão 18 de 70

1

The Islamic ummah was

Selecione uma das seguintes:

the concept of community of believers which transcended clan boundaries
the name given to the group of clergy of the new faith
the name given to the battle which resulted in Muhammad's successful return to Mecca
the writings which explained Muhammad's dreams, which a sub-sect of Islam is based upon

Explicação

Questão 19 de 70

1

The image of the Alhambra in Andalusia, Spain shows the influence of which widespread religion?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Christian
Jewish
Islamic
Buddhist

Explicação

Questão 20 de 70

1

Which of the following is true about the declining role of women in the Islamic Abbasid era?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Men were permitted to have more than one wife.
Abbasid caliphs instituted harems in the court.
Women were kept secluded form civil life.
All of the choices.

Explicação

Questão 21 de 70

1

The map shows which seventh century empire's extent?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Islamic
Byzantine
Sassanid
Western Roman

Explicação

Questão 22 de 70

1

Which of the following is an example of how Muslim culture influenced Western Europe in the era of the Crusades?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Castle fortifications
The game of chess
Coffee
All of the choices are examples of ways in which Muslim culture influences Western Europe.

Explicação

Questão 23 de 70

1

Orthodox Christianity split form Roman Catholicism in 1054 C.E. in part due to the former's

Selecione uma das seguintes:

belief in papal infallibility
tradition of allowing priests to marry
belief in the Virgin Mary
more "law-centric" interpretation of scripture

Explicação

Questão 24 de 70

1

Alhambra's Court of the Lions

The fourteenth century palace in Spain shown above is an example of

Selecione uma das seguintes:

the wealth and power of the Roman emperor
cross-cultural interaction
architectural wonders lost to destruction by invaders
religious conflict

Explicação

Questão 25 de 70

1

Which of the following correctly chronicles the regions to which Islam spread from the Arabian Peninsula?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Somali Coast, Southeast Asia, Iberian Peninsula
Central Asia, Eastern Europe, Somali Coast
Eastern Europe, Southeast Asia, Somali Coast
Somali Coast, Central Asia, Southeast Asia

Explicação

Questão 26 de 70

1

Which of the following most accurately describes the development of Incan political structure from the 12th to 15th centuries C.E.?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

A collection of city-states united in a loose confederation before being conquered by the Aztecs.
A small city-state expanded via conquest under a strong military leader.
Coastal villages that developed naval power and centralized to protect maritime trade.
Popularly elected monarchy that developed into military dictatorship.

Explicação

Questão 27 de 70

1

The Ming Dynasty adopted which of the following belief systems for which of the following reasons?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Islam, because it was the faith of Mongols who invaded during this period
Catholicism, due to the arrival of Jesuit missionaries
Neoconfucianism, to build a more competent and effective bureaucracy
Taoism, in line with a more isolationist foreign policy

Explicação

Questão 28 de 70

1

Which of the following correctly compares the Muscovite Russians and Ottoman Turks?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Each benefited from Mongolian khanates previously unifying territorial holdings.
The rise of each to power was facilitated by schisms in Christianity and Islam, respectively.
The Muscovite Russians benefited from Afro-European trade, while the Ottoman Turks did not.
The Muscovite Russians used their naval prowess to engage in trade, while the Ottoman Turks focused on naval conquest.

Explicação

Questão 29 de 70

1

Epidemics in sixteenth-century Mesoamerica led to

Selecione uma das seguintes:

the largest decline in history in global population, by percentage
an increase in wages for workers who survived the epidemics
a shift in the Europeans' focus to conquest of North America
the decline of African slavery in the region

Explicação

Questão 30 de 70

1

From 1600 to 1700, sugar was

Selecione uma das seguintes:

less profitable than tobacco in the Caribbean
the leading product in Atlantic trade
produced largely without slave labor
considered the easiest crop to produce

Explicação

Questão 31 de 70

1

Northern Europe's population increased in the 16th and 17th centuries in part thanks to the

Selecione uma das seguintes:

end of religious civil war in England
expulsion of the Moors from Spain during the Reconquista
conclusion of the Crusades
introduction of the potato from South America as a staple crop

Explicação

Questão 32 de 70

1

Which of the following statements about the Songhai in the sixteenth century is accurate?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

This dynasty's founding emperor completed the Great Wall of China.
This dynasty unified several smaller kingdoms into early outlines of modern-day China.
This Islamic kingdom in West Africa was a major part of the trans-Saharan salt and gold trade.
This West African kingdom rose to power as a result of the Portuguese slave trade.

Explicação

Questão 33 de 70

1

Babur led his Mughal army to conquer India chiefly in order to

Selecione uma das seguintes:

build a powerful military empire
unify India under Hinduism
extend religious tolerance to the region
lay siege to holy sites such as the Taj Mahal

Explicação

Questão 34 de 70

1

The building shown above is an example of

Selecione uma das seguintes:

communal urban housing in the Ottoman Empire
food storage outbuildings in Western Europe
homes of the peasant class in rural Southeast Asia
African dwellings adapted for the American South

Explicação

Questão 35 de 70

1

The shaded area on the map above shows the extent of which of the following empires in the fifteenth century?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

the Ottoman Empire
the Abbasid Empire
the Caliphate of Cordoba
the western of two Mamluk Sultanates

Explicação

Questão 36 de 70

1

The "Columbian Exchange" brought

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Spanish gold to America and American diseases to Spain
Native American slaves to Africa and African guns to the Americas
European diseases to America and American crops to Europe
American horses to Europe and European turkeys to America

Explicação

Questão 37 de 70

1

The expansion of global trade in the 16th and 17th centuries contributed to China's becoming a major holder of the world's silver because

Selecione uma das seguintes:

China's exports outstripped its imports
China's South American colonies were rich silver producers
Britain paid large quantities of silver for Chinese opium
Britain paid for the rights to use the lucrative trading port of Hong Kong

Explicação

Questão 38 de 70

1

The Weaver of Designs
"She concerns herself with using thread, works with thread. The good weaver of designs is skilled==a marker of varicolored capes, an outliner of designs, a blender of colors, a joiner of pieces, a matcher of pieces, a person of good memory. She does things dexterously. She weaves designs. She selects. She weaves tightly. She forms borders. She forms the neck..."
Source: Bernadino de Sahagun, La Historia Universal de las Cosas de Nueva España

The above sixteenth-century quote form Spaniard Bernardino de Sahagún refers to a woman from which civilization?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

France
Aztec
The Low Country
China

Explicação

Questão 39 de 70

1

Careful, careful where are you going:
You group of know-nothings!
Come here and let your older sister teach you to write poems.
Young bees whose stringers itch rub them in wilted flowers.
Young goats who have nothing to do with their horns butt them against spare shrubbery.

The eighteenth-century poem was written by a women of which region?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

China
Japan
Vietnam
Arabia

Explicação

Questão 40 de 70

1

Which of the following statements about slavery in the pre-modern world is NOT accurate?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

All pre-modern societies except India used slave labor.
In Greece, slaves were most often foreigners or prisoners of war.
In the Islamic world, slaves of kings could rise to high-level positions.
In China, laws restricted slavery to foreigners and criminals.

Explicação

Questão 41 de 70

1

The European maritime activity at the end of the fifteenth century led to all of the following EXCEPT

Selecione uma das seguintes:

the creation of a new international venue for the exchange of foods, diseases, and manufactured goods
the opening of some parts of the world to European colonization
the formation of a far-reaching world economy
the destruction of Indian and Chinese maritime trade

Explicação

Questão 42 de 70

1

North American European colonies differed from Latin American colonies in that

Selecione uma das seguintes:

the North American colonists tended to integrate with the native populations more than did colonists in Latin America
later North American migration served as a pressure-release valve for Europeans fleeing religious persecution
North American colonists were uniquely driven by the search for wealth
Latin American colonists treated the area as an agricultural laboratory, bringing European crops, especially the sweet potato, to the New World

Explicação

Questão 43 de 70

1

How was the process of industrialization similar in Russia and Japan?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Both countries emancipated their work forces.
Both countries adopted Western characteristics.
Both countries depended on the steel industry.
Both countries began to industrialize in the early nineteenth century.

Explicação

Questão 44 de 70

1

Which of the following was a characteristic regarding gender roles in the early days of the Industrial Revolution?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Japanese women abandoned their traditional roles as housewives and mothers.
British women lost work to domestic manufacturing.
Married women began to join the medical profession in significant numbers.
Russian women began working outside the home in banking.

Explicação

Questão 45 de 70

1

Which of the following did most industrializing countries quickly develop?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Unions
Steel manufacturing
Railroads
Suffrage rights

Explicação

Questão 46 de 70

1

Japan's industrialization process was initially limited by which of the following?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Its banking system
Its lack of government support
Its lack of a labor pool
Its geography

Explicação

Questão 47 de 70

1

All of the following were contributing factors to Great Britain's Industrial Revolution EXCEPT

Selecione uma das seguintes:

changing philosophies on the role of women
agricultural innovations such as crop rotation and the application of the fertilizer
the introduction of the enclosure movement
technological developments such as the steam engine

Explicação

Questão 48 de 70

1

Which of the following is true about Egypt's industrialization process in the early nineteenth century?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Egypt distanced itself from the Ottoman Empire
Lower classes began to enjoy new freedoms
Egypt freed itself from Western influence
Egypt narrowed the technological gap between the Muslim world and the West

Explicação

Questão 49 de 70

1

How were immigration patterns of the nineteenth century to Hawaii similar to those to Latin America in the seventeenth century?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Africans were brought to plantations as slaves.
Due to depletion of the native population, huge numbers of laborers immigrated.
Spanish Jesuits arrived to convert the native population.
Jewish immigrants fleeing pogroms arrived in large numbers.

Explicação

Questão 50 de 70

1

Which of the following is NOT true about population patterns in the nineteenth century?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Death rates were affected by the Columbian trade.
Families became smaller.
Family patterns remained unchanged.
Cities expanded significantly.

Explicação

Questão 51 de 70

1

Why were the Opium Wars of the nineteenth century fought?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

China began a War Against Drugs within its borders to end the use of opium.
India fought England for control of the world's opium trade routes.
Japan fought to gain access to poppy fields in India.
England began a war for the right to trade opium in China.

Explicação

Questão 52 de 70

1

Which of the following is true about the end of the trans-Atlantic slave trade?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Great Britain resisted closing the trade routes.
The end of the trans-Atlantic slave trade happened around the time Russian serfs were emancipated.
African kings successfully petitioned European powers to end the trade.
The United States saw the end of the trade as a moral imperative.

Explicação

Questão 53 de 70

1

Which of the following countries most resisted European intervention in the early nineteenth century?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Brazil
Egypt
Japan
Russia

Explicação

Questão 54 de 70

1

Great Britain's first Industrial Revolution was fueled primarily by

Selecione uma das seguintes:

steel
rubber
shipbuilding
textiles

Explicação

Questão 55 de 70

1

Latin American wars of independence in the early nineteenth century had which of the following results?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Entire populations were forcibly converted to Roman Catholicism.
The existing social structure remained largely in place.
Most soon abolished slavery and established racial equality.
They produced Latin America's Industrial Revolution.

Explicação

Questão 56 de 70

1

"Take up the White Man's burden==
Send forth the best ye breed==
Go send your sons to exile
To serve your captives' need
To wait in heavy harness
On fluttered folk and wild==
Your new-caught, sullen peoples,
Half devil and half child"
Source: Rudyard Kipling, The White Man's Burden, 1899.

The quotation above by a late nineteenth-century British author illustrates

Selecione uma das seguintes:

the racism involved in the conquest of South America
social Darwinism's influence in justifying imperialism
explorers' views on encountering natives for the first time in Canada
crusaders' justification for the wholesale slaughter of non-Christians

Explicação

Questão 57 de 70

1

Dissatisfaction over the agreements ending the First World War led to all of the following EXCEPT

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Germany's Beer Hall Putsch
Hitler's occupation of the Rhineland
American reluctance to join the United Nations
China's May Fourth Movement

Explicação

Questão 58 de 70

1

Mao Zedong's Great Leap Forward in 1958 was primarily intended to

Selecione uma das seguintes:

compete with the Americans and Soviets in the Space Race
revolutionize the civil service
achieve village-based industrialization
ensure popular compliance with anti-religious policies

Explicação

Questão 59 de 70

1

Industrialization and rural exodus in Latin America in the twentieth century drove the trend of

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Abolition and slave emancipation
Declining health care standards
Wage inflation
Hyperurbanization

Explicação

Questão 60 de 70

1

Massive labor migrations to economically developed countries in the twentieth century occurred primarily because of

Selecione uma das seguintes:

falling birth rates in developed countries
epidemics depopulating crowded urban areas
rural crime and civil unrest
strikes in developed countries creating the need for replacement workers

Explicação

Questão 61 de 70

1

"Concerned that in situations of poverty women have the least access to food, health, education, training and opportunities for employment and other needs... Parties shall take all appropriate measures to eliminate discrimination against women in order to ensure to them equal rights with men in the field of education and in particular to ensure, on a basis of equality of men and women...The same conditions for career and vocational guidance, for access to studies and for the achievement of diplomas in educational establishments of all categories in rural as well as in urban areas; this equality shall be ensured in pre-school, general, technical, professional and training.... The elimination of any stereotyped concept of the roles of men and women at all levels and in all forms of education by encouraging coeducation and other types of education which will help to achieve this aim and, in particular, by the revision of textbooks and school programmes and the adaptation of teaching methods..."

Which of the following most likely produced the twentieth-century document quoted here?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

The United Nations
NATO
Maoist China
The Soviet Union

Explicação

Questão 62 de 70

1

Martin Luther King, Jr., Nelson Mandela, and Aung San Suu Kyi each drew their political philosophy and protest tactics in part from the work of

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Thich Quang Duc
Mother Teresa of Calcutta
Mahatma Gandhi
Shaka kaSenzangakhona

Explicação

Questão 63 de 70

1

The European Union was founded primarily in order

Selecione uma das seguintes:

guard against Soviet takeover of Western European nations
facilitate economic development and intra-European trade
more closely parallel the organization of the United States
wrest global economic dominance from the United States

Explicação

Questão 64 de 70

1

All of the following countries experienced social unrest and student protest movements in the 1960s similar to those in the United States EXCEPT

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Israel
Iran
The Soviet Union
Switzerland

Explicação

Questão 65 de 70

1

In late-twentieth century sub-Saharan Africa, political stability often failed in part because

Selecione uma das seguintes:

apartheid spread from South Africa to other surrounding nations
former colonial puppet rulers repeatedly attempted to regain power
efforts to form an African National Congress proved prohibitively complicated
colonizers, when drawing boundaries, ignored longstanding ethnic conflicts

Explicação

Questão 66 de 70

1

Which of the following correctly lists three leaders who rose in opposition to colonial rule of their home countries?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Macario Sakay, Ngo Dinh Diem, U Wisara
Edmund Andros, George Washington, Francisco Madero
Chandrashekar Azad, Touissant L'Ouverture, Marquess Dalhousie
Ho Chi Minh, Jomo Kenyatta, Kwame Nkrumah

Explicação

Questão 67 de 70

1

Which of the following statements correctly describes global affairs at the dawn of the twenty-first century?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Rapid innovation in transportation and communication have accelerated the pace and intensity of international interactions.
Interethnic conflict has largely been resolved through the United Nations and its support of nationalist independence movements.
Global terrorism that accelerated in the late twentieth century led to a worldwide economic downturn.
The spread of science and secularism sent belief in world religions into serious decline.

Explicação

Questão 68 de 70

1

In the twentieth century, the phrase "mutually assured destruction" most accurately referred to

Selecione uma das seguintes:

the threat to Berliners of taking down the Berlin Wall while the city was still divided between Soviet and Allied leadership
the danger of continuing to pollute the environment as the ozone layer became depleted
the result, for upper and lower classes alike, of fraudulent banking practices and market speculation
the consequences of anything worse than proxy war between the U.S.S.R. and United States in the nuclear age

Explicação

Questão 69 de 70

1

	Criado por Christian Alcantara aproximadamente 8 anos atrás

== is supposed to be an em dash (look it up) -- is an en dash (look it up too) report any typos to me

550 WHAP questions by Princeton Review (2013) - Diagnostic Test

Questão 1 de 70

All of the following ancient civilizations developed near river valleys EXCEPT

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Explicação

Questão 2 de 70

The two major religions practiced in Classical India were

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Explicação

Questão 3 de 70

Which of the following was NOT characteristic of early civilizations?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Explicação

Questão 4 de 70

The location and architecture of buildings in major Mayan cities such as Palenque are most likely based on

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Explicação

Questão 5 de 70

The Silk Roads, the largest trade network of the ancient world, were controlled by

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Explicação

Questão 6 de 70

Which of the following is an accurate characterization of trade along the overland route between the Roman Empire and India through the first two centuries C.E.? (first: from Roman Empire, second: from India) A:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Explicação

Questão 7 de 70

The Hebrews were unique in ancient civilization for their

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Explicação

Questão 8 de 70

Which of the following is an accurate statement about the ancient Greeks?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Explicação

Questão 9 de 70

Source: Encyclopedie: Classical Orders, engraving from the Encyclopédie vol. 18. Public domain eighteenth century French engraving. The columns illustrated are architectural contributions from which civilization?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Explicação

Questão 10 de 70

Ashoka Maurya is responsible for which religion's expansion beyond India and into many parts of Southeast Asia?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Explicação

Questão 11 de 70

Which of the following is an important contribution of the Lydians?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Explicação

Questão 12 de 70

Emperor Justinian of Byzantium preserved Roman customs in which of the following ways?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Explicação

Questão 13 de 70

Which of the following contributed significantly to the decline of both the Han and Gupta empires?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Explicação

Questão 14 de 70

Which of the following was NOT a major effect of movement along the Silk Road?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Explicação

Questão 15 de 70

Along the trade routes of the post-classical period spread

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Explicação

Questão 16 de 70

All of the following were contributions from cultures Muslim invaders absorbed from civilization they were in contact with EXCEPT (first: the civilization; second: their contribution)

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Explicação

Questão 17 de 70

Which of the following is not one of the Five Pillars of Islam?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Explicação

Questão 18 de 70

The Islamic ummah was

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Explicação

Questão 19 de 70

The image of the Alhambra in Andalusia, Spain shows the influence of which widespread religion?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Explicação

Questão 20 de 70

Which of the following is true about the declining role of women in the Islamic Abbasid era?

Which of the following is an accurate characterization of trade along the overland route between the Roman Empire and India through the first two centuries C.E.? (first: from Roman Empire, second: from India)

A:

Source: Encyclopedie: Classical Orders, engraving from the Encyclopédie vol. 18. Public domain eighteenth century French engraving.

The columns illustrated are architectural contributions from which civilization?

Alhambra's Court of the Lions

The fourteenth century palace in Spain shown above is an example of