Magnification equation
magnification= size of image / size of real object
magnification= size of real object / size of image
Before cell fractionation what is the sample put in?
A cold, buffered solution with a similar water potential to the sample
Nothing
A warmed solution with a high pH
What is homogenation?
The preparation of the sample for cell fractionation
The breaking down of cells in a homogeniser
The removal of foreign objects in a sample
What happens in Ultracentrifugation?
The cell fragments are separated in a centrifuge
Fragmentation of cells
At what speed are nuclei, mitochondria and lysosomes separated out?
Nuclei- 3500 min-1
Mitochondria- 16500 min-1
Lysosomes- 1000 min-1
Nuclei- 1000 min-1
Mitochondria- 3500 min-1
Lysosomes- 16500 min-1
Transmission electron microscope (TEM)
A thin sample is used to create a photomicrograph-not in colour. A photomicrograph is a 2D flat image due to the thinness of the sample and it has a resolution of 0.1 nanometres.
Sample does not need to be too thin as electrons don't penetrate. Creates a 3D image which can be coloured and it has a resolution of 20 nanometres.
What is in a Eukaryotic cell?
Nucleus
mitochondria
Chloroplasts
Endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi apparatus
Lysosomes
Ribosomes-80s
Ribosomes- 70s
Cell wall
Vacuoles
Structures in a bacteria cell
DNA
Plasmid
Capsule
Cell-surface membrane
Attachment protiens
Circular DNA
flagellum
Cytoplasm
What is in a Virus?
Capsid
Attachment protein
RNA
Reverse Transcripase
matrix
lipid envelope
Order of mitosis
Telophase, Anaphase, Metaphase, Prophase
Prophase, Metaphase,Telophase, Anphase
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
Metaphase, Prophase, Anaphase, Telophase
