What is a population?
A subset of a large group of people
A large group of observations (people, objects etc.) about which a researcher wants to draw conclusions
The number of people in a country
The number of people that comprise a demographic
What does descriptive statistics do?
Make leaps and conclusions about a population from sample data
Describe the data in a meaningful way
Explain formulae, the theory behind the statistics
Compress and condense raw data in the world into a workable size
What is σ²M
Standard variance of the population
Standard error of the mean
Standard deviation
Variance of sample
What are inferential statistics
A tool to predict the sample based on population data
A tool to draw inferences about a population from sample data
A way to compress and consolidate sample data
A way to estimate and make decisions about sample statistics
What are the two inferential procedures
Hypothesis testing and extrapolating
Estimation and interpolating
Estimation and hypothesis testing
Hypothesis testing and determining limitations
What is a confidence interval?
How likely a particular value or set of values is in the given data
An estimation of the confidence results are significant
An estimation of the area that encompasses a particular value
A tool to define a prediction, i.e. is it true or not
What is hypothesis testing?
A way to test if the hypothesis can be applied to the entire population
A way to test if the hypothesis is valid
A tool to define a prediction regarding a statement about the population parameter, i.e. is it true or not
What is the sampling distribution?
A hypothetical distribution of values of a particular population parameter made by repeatedly sampling "n" times from a sample and calculating the value of the statistic for each sample
A hypothetical distribution of values of a particular sample statistic made by repeatedly sampling "n" times from a population and calculating the value of the population parameter for each sample
A hypothetical distribution of values of a particular sample statistic made by repeatedly sampling "n" times from a population and calculating the value of the statistic for each sample
The standard error of the mean only refers to the ❌ ❌, i.e. the behaviour of the averages collected ❌, while the variance is the noise in the ❌.
M is the unbiased estimate of μ
tells you how much you can trust your
As 'n' gets larger, you get a better estimate of the .
Decreasing standard deviation makes the σ²M more spread out, and pulls data away from the population mean.
