A blood group has both A and B antigens but no antibodies, It is
B
AB
O
A
A compound formed in an organism for inhibiting growth of another organism is
Antigen
Antibody
Antibiotic
Antiallergic
A disease due to allergic reaction is
Enteric fever
Yellow fever
Hay fever
Trench fever
Which is involved in body defense?
Neutrophils
Macrophages
Lymphocytes
All the above
A doctor suggested to a couple not to have more than one child because of
Rh+ male Rh- female
Rh- male Rh+ female
Rh+ male Rh+ female
Rh- male Rh- female
A molecule that produces an immune response is
Carcinogen
Mutagen
A noninfectious unnatural and unusual reaction to a substance or condition is
Immunity
Allergy
Infection
Toxin
A person is injected with gammaglobulin against hepatitis B. It is
Artificially acquires passive immunity
Artificially acquires active immunity
Naturally acquires active immunity
Naturally acquires passive immunity
Acquired immunity as developed after vaccination or infection is found in
Vertebrates only
Invertebrates as well as vertebrates
Plants
Acquired immunity is found in
Invertebrates
Vertebrates
Some invertebrates
Both vertebrates and invertibrates
Active immunity is due to
Suppressor T-cells
killer T-cells
Memory cells
Helper T-cells
Active immunity means
Resistance developed before disease
Resistance developed after disease
Increased heart beat
Increased flow of blood
AIDS is caused by
RNA virus
DNA virus
Herpes virus
Hepatitis virus
An example of innate immunity is
T-lymphocytes
B-lymphocyte
Thyroid cells
An insect bite may result in inflammation of that spot. It is triggered by alarm chemicals such as
Histamine and dopamine
Histamine and kinins
Interferon and opsonin
Interferons and histones
An Rh- individual receives Rh+ blood. The recipient becomes
Sterlite
Dead
No reaction
Isoimmunised
Which of the following are secondary lymphoid organs?
Spleen
Lymph Nodes
Thymus
Bone Marrow
Lymph Vessels
IgG consists of
2 light chains and two heavy chains joined by di-sulphide bond (H2L2)
2 light chains and two heavy chains joined by hydrogen bond (H2L2)
2 light chains and a heavy chain joined by di-sulphide bond (H1L2)
a light chain and two heavy chains joined by di-sulphide bond (H2L1)
Which is the Ig that first reaches the site of infection?
IgM
IgG
IgA
IgE
Which is the largest Ig?
Which of the following statements are true regarding IgM?
IgM is a pentamer and is the largest Ig and called as ‘natural antibody’
IgM exists as monomer on B-cell surface
IgM is involved in early primary immune response
all of these
Which of the following statements are true?
IgM is involved in primary immune response
IgG is involved in primary immune response
Both IgM and IgG are involved in primary immune response
IgG is involved only in secondary immune response
The antibody present in secretions like tears, saliva, colostrum is
The primary Ig of exocrine secretions is
Antibodies are:
proteins
glycoproteins
carbohydrates
nucleic acid
The antigen binding site on an antibody is called:
endotope
paratope
epitope
antitope
An antibody has
2 Fab regions and an Fc region
an Fab region and an Fc region
2 Fab regions and 2 Fc regions
many Fab regions and many Fc regions
The hypervariable region resides in the
N terminal region of light chain
N-terminal region of light and heavy chain
C-terminal region of light chain
C-terminal region of light chain and heavy chain
Fab stands for
fragment antibody binding
fragment antigen binding
fragment antibody or antigen binding
fragment affinity binding
Which of the following statement is true regarding Fc region?
fragment crystalisation and is the constant region
fragment constant and is the variable region
fragment crystalisation and is the variable region
fragment crystalisation and has both variable and constant region
Fab region:
has a hypervariable region that binds with antibody
has a hypervariable region that binds with antigen
has a hypervariable region that binds with other immune cells
Fc region is involved in
cell surface receptor binding
complement activation
determining diffusivity of antibody molecule
The ability of antigen to stimulate antibody production is called
Affinity
Antigenicity
Elicitation
none of these
Clearance of antigens by antibodies involve
neutralization and agglutination
opsonisation and complement activation
precipitation
The two identical light chains of an antibody belongs to
kappa only
lambda only
lambda or kappa
Antigens can be
nucleic acids
A molecule that reacts with specific antibody but is not immunogenic by itself is called
carrier
antigen
hapten
immunogen
Haptens are immunogenic upon binding covalently to a carrier protein how?
covalently to a carrier protein
covalently to an antibody
covalently to a paratope
Haptens cannot activate T cell or B cells due to:
its low molecular weight antigens arbuscules
its inability to bind to MHC
both a and b
Which of the following is a hapten?
Cyanide
Paracetamol
Penicillin
None of these
An incomplete antigens
are also called as haptens
are immunogenic upon binding covalently to a carrier protein
cannot induce antibody production by itself
all of the above
The second most abundant Ig is
The most effective Ig is:
IgM is a
pentamer with 10 antigen binding sites
tetramer with 8 antigen binding sites
monomer with 2 antigen binding sites
dimer with 4 antigen binding sites
The Ig that mediates allergic reaction is
The Ig involved in host defence against parasitic infection (helminths)
The bonds involved in antigen-antibody interactions are
weak hydrogen bonds and vanderwalls forces
strong covalent bonds
strong di- sulphide bonds
Which of the following statement is true?
all immunogens are antigens but all antigens are not immunogens
all immunogens are antigens and all antigens are immunogens
all immunogens are not antigens but all antigens are immunogens
all immunogens are proteins and all proteins are immunogens
Which of the statements are true regarding antigen?
generally self-molecules and molecules with low molecular weight are non-immunogenic
an antigen generally has many epitopes
heteropolymers are more immunogenic than homopolymers
The process of removal and replacement of damaged tissues or organs with healthy ones from a donor is called as
transplantation
replacement therapy
repair and replacement
The transfer of individuals own tissue to another part of the body is called
autograft
xenograft
allograft
syngeneic graft
The transfer of tissue between genetically identical individuals (like twins) is called
The transfer of tissue between individuals of different species is called
The transfer of tissue between genetically different individuals of same species is called
Which of the following has the maximum transplantation success rate?
The major molecules responsible for rejection of transplant is
B cells
T cells
MHC molecule
Antibodies
Which of the following statements are true regarding transplantation?
The compatibility of MHC proteins of donor and recipient will determine the success of transplantation
MHCs are just like fingerprints and all nucleated cells possess this fingerprint
The compatibility of MHC/HLA proteins of donor and recipient will be high if they are genetically closely related and may lead to successful transplantation.
In humans, MHC is called as
Human MHC
Homo MHC
Human leucocyte antigen (HLA)
All of the above
The genes for HLA proteins are clustered in the major histocompatibility complex located
on the short arm of chromosome 6
on the long arm of chromosome 6
on the short arm of chromosome 10
on the long arm of chromosome 10
The test that is done prior to transplantation surgery to determine the compatibility of MHC proteins between donor and recipient is called
MHC matching
MHC typing
tissue typing
blood HLA test
MHC class I is a cell surface molecule present on
All nucleated cells
APCs
MHC class II is a cell surface molecule present on (most correct ans.)
Which of the following statements are true regarding complement activation?
lysis of pathogen, tumor cells and allografts
production of mediators that attracts neutrophils to the site of inflammation
opsonization
Complement system is involved in
specific defence
non-specific defence
Allergy to penicillin is an example of
Type I hypersensitivity
Type II hypersensitivity
Type III hypersensitivity
Type IV hypersensitivity
Type IV hypersensitivity is also called as:
immediate hypersensitivity
delayed hypersensitivity
cytotoxic hypersensitivity
immune complex hypersensitivity
The most common class of antibody involved in type II hypersensitivity is
IgD
T helper cell mediated hypersensitivity is:
Type III hypersensitivity is triggered by:
Mast cells and IgE
K cells and IgG
Deposition of antigen antibody complexes
Th cells
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AHA) is an example of
K cells and IgG mediated hypersensitivity is
Antibody dependent cytotoxicity is associated with
Allergies to sea foods, eggs etc is an example of
Humoral immunity is mediated by
macrophages
phagocytes
Humoral immunity is also called as
antibody mediated immunity
non-specific immune response
antigen mediated immunity
B cell has receptor on its surface which is
monomeric IgM
dimeric IgM
monomeric IgG
B cell receptor
B cells upon activation by antigens
undergo clonal expansion followed by clonal selection
divides continuously
undergo clonal selection followed by clonal expansion
secrete antibodies
B cells differentiates to form
plasma cells only
effector cells only
plasma cells and memory B cells
Which of the following statement is incorrect regarding plasma cells?
Plasma cells are the effector cells
Plasma cells secretes antibodies
The precursor of plasma cell is B cell
Plasma cell has surface receptors
Origin and maturation of B cells takes place at
lymph nodes
bone marrow
thymus
spleen
The function of memory B cell is
antibody production
immunologic memory
regulated antibody production
Generally antibodies produced against a pathogen is
monoclonal
homogenous
polyclonal
all of same specificity
Antibodies produced by plasma cells are
specific
produced against the epitope that triggered B cell activation
diverse
Antibodies clear out antigens by
neutralization
agglutination
Antibodies are
opsonins
lipoproteins
serum phagocytes
Any substance that promotes phagocytosis of antigens by binding to them are called as
interleukins
The phenomenon of selective proliferation of B cells in response to their interaction with the antigen is called
clonal expansion
monoclonal selection
clonal proliferation
clonal selection
The specific targeted responses constitute the third line of defense in response to an infectious agent and is called as
third line of defence
adaptive immunity
acquired immunity
The characteristics of adaptive immunity include
specificity
discrimination of self from non self molecules
Which of the cells are involved in adaptive immunity?
B cells and T cells
B cells only
T cells only
macrophages and NK cells
T cell mediates
humoral immunity
cell mediated immunity
The ratio of T cells to B cells is
3:1
1:3
1:1
1:2
T cells and B cells are originated in
Injection of anti-venom against snake bite is an example of
active immunity
passive immunity
non-specific immunity
phagocytic immunity
Which of the following statements are true regarding adaptive immunity?
prior exposure to antigen is essential
prior exposure to antigen is not essential
it is a non-specific defence mechanism
macrophages are the major cells involved
Active immunity involves
contact with foreign antigens
slow primary response
Active immunity is produced by
Cells involved in adaptive immunity or acquired immunity or specific defense include
Antigen presenting cells
All of these
Plasma cells are secreted by
The characteristics of passive immunity include
immediate relief
no immunologic memory
resistance for a short period only
Immunologic memory is provided by
Both a and b
Phagocytes
A method for cell sorting based on the surface antigens (markers) which react specifically with fluorescent-labelled antibodies is called
Flowcytometry
Immunofluorescent technique
Immunoelectrophoresis
A technique in which tissues and cells are examined by a fluorescent light microscope using fluorescent-labeled antibodies is called
A technique for the identification of proteins in serum or other fluid by electrophoresis and subsequent immunodiffusion is called
Classical pathway of complement system is activated by
antibody-antigen complexes
antigenic peptides
antigens bound to MH
Alternate pathway of complement system is activated by
microorganisms or its toxins
antigens bound to MHC
Classical pathway of complement system is involved in
Alternate pathway of complement system is involved in
innate immunity
Complement system
consists of 20 serum proteins
serum proteins acts as biological cascade
are set of antibodies
Kupffer cells are macrophages found on
lung
bone
nephrons
liver
Antiviral glycoproteins released by living cells in response to viral attack and induce a viral resistant state to neighboring cells is called as
natural killer cells
complement system
interferons
Newborns get their antibodies from mothers milk. This is an example of
Naturally acquired active immunity
Artificially acquired active immunity
Naturally acquired passive immunity
Artificially acquired passive immunity
Which of the following is the site of T cell maturation?
Bone marrow
Appendix
Primary lymphoid organs include
Thymus and spleen
Thymus and bone marrow
Thymus, bone marrow and spleen
Thymus, bone marrow, spleen and lymph nodes
The major chemical messenger involved in hypersensitivity is
histamines
lymphokines
interleukines
HIV attacks:
T cytotoxic cells
T helper cells
Regarding the inflammatory response:
Tissue swelling is the first stage of the inflammatory response.
Mast cells secrete chemotactic agents that attract lymphocytes
Macrophages secrete vasoactive materials during the inflammatory response
The inflammatory response can be triggered by antibody binding to the surface of micro-organisms.
Natural killer cells only destroy cells infected with a virus.
The antigens below are on your erythrocytes (red blood cells) which antibodies would you expect to find in the serum 1/ A- B A AB O( B, A, AB, O ) 2/ B- A B AB O( A, B, AB, O ) 3/ O- AB O A B( AB, O, A, B )
Fill in the Blanks (No - symbol needed) 1/ Precursor Chain + = H-Antigen 2/ H-Antigen + = A-Antigen 3/ H-Antigen + = B-Antigen