How many joules are there in 115 calories? (1cal = 4.18 J)
2.9 J
4.8 J
28 J
481 J
11500 J
Which of the following has the greatest heat capacity?
1000 g of water
1000 g of steel
1 g of water
1 g of steel
Which of the following substances has the highest specific heat?
steel
water
alcohol
chloroform
What is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 100 g aluminum by 10 °C? (specific heat of aluminum = 0.21 cal/g x °C)
0.21 cal
2.1 cal
210 cal
21000 cal
None of the above
What is the specific heat of a substance if 1560 cal is required to raise the temperature of a 312-g sample by 15 °C?
0.033 cal/g x °C
0.33 cal/g x ºC
0.99 cal/g x ºC
1.33 cal/g x ºC
How many kilocalories of heat are required to raise the temperature of the 225 g of Al from 20 ºC to 100 ºC? (specific heat of aluminum = 0.21 cal/g x ºC)
0.59 kcal
3.8 kcal
85 kcal
The heat capacity of an object depends in part on its______.
mass
enthalpy
shape
potential energy
The amount of heat transferred from an object depend on all of the following except ______.
the specific heat of the object
the change in temperature the object undergoes
the initial temperature of the object
the mass of the object
A piece of metal is heated, then submerged in cool water. Which statement below describes what happens?
The temperature of the metal will increase.
The temperature of the water will increase.
The temperature of the water will decrease.
The temperature of the water will increase and the temperature of the metal will decrease.
The temperature of the water will decrease and the temperature of the metal will increase.
Two objects are sitting next to each other in direct sunlight. Object A gets hotter than object B.
Object A has a higher specific heat than object B.
Object A has a lower specific heat than object B.
Both object have the same specific heat.
In an exothermic reaction, the energy stored in the chemical bonds of the reactants is ______.
equal to the energy stored in the bonds of the products
greater than the energy stored in the bonds of the products
less than the energy stored in the bonds of the products
less than the heat released
less than the heat absorbed
Compared to 100 g of iron, a 10-g sample of iron has ______.
a higher specific heat.
a lower specific heat.
the same specific heat.
If the heat involved in a chemical reaction has a negative sign, _____.
heat is lost to the surroundings
heat is gained from the surroundings
A process that absorbs heat is a(n) ______ process.
exothermic
endothermic
polythermic
ectothermic
If you were to touch the flask in which an endothermic reaction were occurring, _____.
the flask would probably feel cooler than before the reaction started
the flask would probably feel warmer than before the reaction started
the flask would feel the same as before the reaction started
The amount of heat released by the complete burning of 1 mole of a substance is the _____.
specific heat
heat of combustion
heat capacity
system heat
The following equation shows the reaction that occurs when nitroglycerine explodes. 4 C3H5O9N3--> 12 CO2 + 10 6 N2 + O2 + 10 H2O + 1725 kcal This reaction is ______.
a combination reaction
a combustion reaction
The amount of heat needed to melt one mole of a solid is called the _____.
molar heat of fusion
molar heat of solidification
heat of reaction
The amount of heat absorbed by a melting solid ______ the amount of heat lost by a solidifying liquid.
is the same as
is less than
is greater than
During a phase change, the temperature of a substance _____.
increases
decreases
remains constant
may increase or decrease
The vaporization of a liquid is an
exothermic process
endothermic process
Hess's Law _____.
makes it possible to calculate △H for complicated chemical reactions
states that when you reverse a chemical equation, you must change the sign of △H
determines the way a calorimeter works
describes the vaporization of solids
The amount of heat involved in the creation of 1 mole of substance from its element is called _____.
standard heat of formation
heat of solidification
To calculate the amount of heat absorbed as a substance melts, which of the following information is not needed?
the mass of the substance
the specific heat of the substance
the change in temperature
the density of the smaple
As the temperature of a sample of matter is increased, what happens to the average kinetic energy of the particles in the sample?
It decreases.
It increases.
It does not change.
When 45 g of an alloy at 100ºC is dropped into 100.0 g of water at 25 ºC, the final temperature is 37ºC. What is the specific heat of the alloy?
0.423
1.77
9.88
48.8
How much heat does it take to make the water in a teakettle boil if the water starts at 22ºC?
88 calories
88 joules
88 Calories
Not enough information given.
To determine the heat change for a reaction in an aqueous solution, _____.
you need to know the specific heat of the reactants
you can mix the reactants in a calorimeter and measure the temperature change
you need to know the mass of the reactants
you cannot determine the heat change for this type of reaction
Which of the following equations correctly represents an endothermic reaction?
A + B --> C + D + heat
A + B + heat --> C + D
The quantity of heat required to change the temperature of 1 g of a substance by 1 ºC is defined as _____.
a joule
specific heat capacity
a calorie
density
For a given substance, the molar heat of fusion _____ the molar heat of vaporization.
always equals
For a given substance, the molar heat of vaporization ______ the molar heat of condensation.
always equal
Heat of solution is ______.
the amount of heat required to change a solid into a liquid
the amount of heat absorbed or released when a solid dissolves
the amount of heat required to change a vapor into a liquid
the amount of heat released when a vapor changes into a liquid
The heat of formation for an element in its standard state is ______.
always zero
sometimes zero
never zero
When heat is added to boiling water, its temperature ______.
stays the same
depends on the amount of water
Compared to a glass of ice water with ice in it, a glass of ice-cold water without ice will warm up _____.
faster
slower
at the same rate
When snow melts, what happens to the surrounding air?
It gets warmer.
It gets cooler.
Nothing happens to the surrounding air.
Why does air leave a tire when the tire valve is opened?
because the pressure outside the tire is lower than the pressure inside the tire
because the pressure outside the tire is greater than the pressure inside the tire
because the temperature is higher outside the tire than inside the tire
because there are more gas particles outside the tire than inside the tire
Which of these changes would NOT cause an increase in the the pressure of a gaseous system?
The container is made larger.
Additional amounts of the same gas are added to the container.
The temperature is increased.
Another gas is added to the container.
If the volume of a container holding gas is reduced, what will happen to the pressure within the containers?
The pressure will increase.
The pressure will not change.
The pressure will decrease.
What happens to the temperature of a gas when it is compressed?
The temperature increases.
The temperature does not change.
The temperature decreases.
Why does an aerosol can become cooler when gas is released?
because the propellant expands
because the propellant contracts
because the product expands with the can
because the volume of the can decreases
As the temperature of the gas in a balloon decreases _____.
the volume increases
the average kinetic energy of the gas decreases
the pressure increases
All of the above
If the volume of a container of air is reduced by one-half, what happens to the partial pressure of oxygen within the container?
It is reduced by one-half.
It is unchanged.
It is doubled.
Boyle's law states that _____.
the volume of a gas varies inversely with pressure
the volume of a gas varies directly with pressure
the temperature of a gas varies inversely with pressure
the temperature of a gas varies directly with pressure
When the temperature and number of particles are kept constant for a sample of gas, which of the following os also constant for the sample?
the sum of the pressure and volume
the difference of the pressure and volume
the product of the pressure and volume
the quotient of the pressure and volume
The volume of a gas is doubled while the temperature is held constant. The pressure of the gas _____.
is reduced by one-half
remains unchanged
is doubled
varies depending on the nature of the gas
The volume of a gas is reduced from 4L to 0.5 L while the temperature is held constant. The pressure of the gas ______.
increases by a factor of four
decreases by a factor of eight
increases by a factor of eight
increases by a factor of two
A gas occupies a volume of 0.2 L at 10.1 kPa. What volume will the gas occupy at 101 kPa?
38 L
20 L
2 L
0.02 L
Charles' Law states that _____.
the pressure of a gas is inversely proportional to its temperature in kelvins
the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature in kelvins
the pressure of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature in kelvins
the volume of a gas is inversely proportional to its temperature in kelvins
A sample gas occupies 40.0 mL at -123 ºC. What volume does the sample occupy at 27 ºC?
182 mL
8.80 mL
80.0 mL
20.0 mL
If a balloon is rubbed vigorously, what happens to the pressure of the air inside the balloon if the volume remains constant?
It stays the same.
When the volume and number of particles are held constant for a sample of gas, which of the following is also constant for the sample?
the sum of the pressure and temperature in kelvins
the difference of the pressure and temperature in kelvins
the product of the pressure and temperature in kelvins
the quotient of the pressure and temperature in kelvins
The combined gas law relates which of these?
pressure and volume only
temperature and pressure only
volume and temperature only
temperature, pressure, and volume
At a certain temperature and pressure, 0.20 mol of CO2 has a volume of 3.1 L. A 3.1-L sample of hydrogen at the same temperature and pressure ______.
has the same mass
contains the same number of atoms
has a higher density
contains the same number of molecules
Which of the following scientist developed an atomic theory in the early 1800s?
Isaac Newton
Antoine Lavoisier
Francis Bacon
Roger Bacon
John Dalton
Who discovered the electron?
Joseph Thomson
Niels Bohr
Ernest Rutherford
Albert Einstein
Which of the following is an accurate description of Thomson's model of the atom?
The electrons orbit the protons which are at the center of the atom
The electrons and protons move throughout the atom
Electrons occupy fixed positions around the protons, which are at the center of the atom
The electrons, like "raisins," are stuck into lump of protons, like "dough," in a "plum pudding" atom
In Rutherford's model of the atom, where are the electrons and protons located?
the electrons orbit the protons, which are at the center of the atom
the electrons and protons move throughout the atom
the electrons occupy fixed positions around the protons which are at the center of the atom
the electrons and protons are located throughout the atom, but they are not free to move
In Bohr's model of the atom, where are the electrons and protons located?
the electrons occupy fixed positions around the protons, which are at the center of the atom
In the Bohr model of the atom, an electron in an orbit has a fixed?
position
color
energy
What did Rutherford's experiment demonstrate?
that electrons orbit the nucleus
that all neutrons are located in the nucleus
that most of an atom's mass is concentrated in a relatively small portion of the atoms entire volume
that atoms are made of positively and negatively charged particles
Which of the following scientist developed the quantum mechanical model of the atom?
Erwin Schrsdinger
Joseph Tomson
What is the probability of finding an electron within the region indicated by the drawn electron cloud?
50%
67%
75%
90%
100%
The quantum mechanical model of the atom _____.
defines the exact path of an electron around the nucleus
was proposed by Niels Bohr
is concerned with the probability of finding an election in a certain position
has many analogies in the visible world
The principal quantum number indicates what property of an electron
speed
energy level
electron cloud shape
spin
The shape (not the size) of an electron cloud is determined by the electrons
energy sublevel
principal quantum number
The 3p atomic orbital has the shape of ______.
a sphere
a dumbbell
a bar
two perpendicular dumbbells
an egg
How many energy sublevels are there in the second principal energy level?
1
2
3
4
5
What types of atomic orbitals are in the third principal energy level?
s and p only
p and d only
s, p, and d only
p, d, and f only
How many f orbitals can there be in one atom?
7
9
What is the maximum number of d orbitals in a principal energy level?
10
What is the maximum number of orbitals in the p sub level?
6
What is the maximum number of electrons in the second principal energy level?
8
18
32
Which of the following energy levels has the lowest energy?
3d
4s
4p
4f
If the spin of one electron in an orbital is clockwise, what is the spin of the other electron in that orbital?
zero
clockwise
counterclockwise
What is the next atomic orbital in the series 1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p?
2d
2f
3f
Which of the following states that no more than two electrons can occupy an atomic orbital and that two electrons in the same orbital must have opposite spins?
Hund's rule
Dalton's theory
the Aufbau principle
the Pauli exclusion principle
If three electrons are available to fill three empty 2p atomic orbitals, how will the electrons be distributed in the three orbitals?
one electron in each orbital
two electrons in one orbital, one in another, none in the third
three in one orbital, none in the other two
What is the number of electrons in the outermost energy level of an oxygen atom?
In order to occupy the same orbital, two electrons must have _____.
the same direction of spin
low energy
a high quantum number
opposite spin
According to the Aufbau principle _____.
an orbital may be occupied by only two electrons
electrons in the same orbital must have opposite spins
electrons enter orbitals of highest energy first
electrons enter orbitals of lowest energy first
What is the basis for exceptions to the Aufbau principle?
filled and half filled energy sub levels are more stable than partially-filled ones
electron configurations are only probable
electron spins are more important than energy levels in determining electron configuration
some elements have unusual atomic orbitals
Which of the following electromagnetic waves have the highest frequencies?
ultraviolet light waves
x-rays
microwaves
gamma rays
infrared light waves
Which color of visible light has the shortest wavelength?
orange
yellow
green
blue
violet
The quanta of light are called _____.
charms
excitons
muons
photons
solitons
The lowest energy state of an atom is called the _____.
excited state
ground state
independent state
dependent state
configurational state
To which variable of an object's wavelength directly proportional?
velocity
temperature
To which variable of an object is the object's mass directly proportional?
wavelength
frequency
Who developed the uncertainty principle?
Werner Heisenberg
Louis de Broglie
According to the uncertainty principle, if the position of a moving particle is known what other quantity cannot be known?
charge
