What are Darwin 3 theories on evolution?
there is a struggle for existence
there is variation between individuals of the same species
that individual characteristics are heritable
that individual characteristics aren't heritable
there is variation of individuals in differing species
Anabolic reactions are reactions that break down molecules
Anabolic reactions build molecules
Prokaryotes have a ❌ structure, they have ❌ but have a ❌. Their DNA is also ❌.
Totipotent means the cell can become specialised
What is light microscopy?
the study of cell organelles
the study of cells
the study of the nucleus and DNA
What are the limitations of light microscopy?
wavelength of natural light
wavelength of light
can only use thin layers of cells
can only see certain organelles
can't be used for certain tissue samples
What type of stains can be used for histochemistry
crystal violet and haematoxylin
crystal violet and metal
metals and haemotoxylin
crystal blue and crystal violet
The differences between gram positive and negative is that gram positive purple stains and has peptidoglycan whereas gram negative has peptidoglycan and the purple colour
The process of immunolabelling antibody to antigen then a secondary labelled binds to the primary antibody and as a marker
Two bacterial specialisations are and . is for adhesion and is for movement
Protists are ❌ organisms such as ❌ or amoeba
Structure and function of fungi
have rigid cell walls
have no cell wall
have a cell membrane
made of microscopic filaments
are heterotrophs absobers
create molecules using enzymes
break down molceules using enzymes so they can be absorbed
3 types of plant tissues
ground tissue
vascular tissue
Dermal tissue
stem tissue
root tissue
Ground tissue is for and , vascular tissue is for and dermal tissue is for
Epithelial cells are cells which are . They form a barrier and have properties and can facilitate absorbtion by
The two types of connective tissues are which are for and secretion and which are for
What are the intermediate filaments function?
to provide cell strength
to provide support
to provide protection
to provide defense
to provide nutrients
What processes occur in the nucleus?
DNA replication
DNA transcription
RNA transcription
RNA translation
What occurs when a large nucleolus or multiple nucleoli is present
A large nucleolus mean the cell is synthesising a large amount of protein
a large nucleolus mean the cell is synthesising large amounts of lipids
When DNA is highly condensed it is undergoing mitotic division
What is the role of lamins?
they help to organise chromatin
they help to organise DNA
they move organelles
What are nuclear pores ?
small channels for diffusion of water soluble molecules
large molecules for water soluble molecules
small channels for ion transport
small channels to allow for small molecules to pass
large channels for protein transportation
Facts about ribosomes
they occur freely in the cell
they occur attached to the rough ER
they occur attached to smooth ER
free ribosomes synthesise cytosolic proteins
free ribsomes synthesise mitochondria
attached ribosomes synthesise chloroplasts
free ribosomes synthesise chloroplasts and peroxisomes
The first stage of mitotic division is the second is the third is the fourth is and then undergoes
DNA replication requires a ❌ complex in order to bind to the replication ❌. The complex contains ❌ which assembles ❌ into DNA strands. The replication has many start points to ❌ replication time.
