The heart is located

the heart is about the size of

where does the apex of the heart point

what amount of the heart is on the left?

tell me about the base of the heart in comparison to the apex

what is the heart enclosed by?

what is another term for the pericardium?

what are the two types of pericardium?

another term for outer epicardium?

what is the out epicardium? (aka the visceral pericardium)

what do blood vessels in the outer epicardium do?

how much of the heart wall does the middle myocardium take up?

what is the middle myocardium made up of?

what does contraction of the myocardium provide?

what width is the middle myocardium?

is the middle myocardium muscular?

what properties do the cells in the middle myocardium possess?

what is the inner endocardium?

what is the inner endocardium comprised of?

what does the smooth surface of the inner endocardium allow?

what does the inner endocardium form?

what is the right atrium and what does it do?

where are the 3 places the right atrium receives blood from?

the superior vena cava returns blood to the heart from where?

what is the coronary sinus?

where does the right ventricle receive blood from?

when the right ventricle receives blood from the right atrium, what happens next?

what is the left atrium?

how many pulmonary veins are there and where are they located?

what does the left ventricle do?

which side of the heart is oxygenated and which is deoxygenated?

where is the atrioventricular valve (av valve) located?

what is the purpose of the atrioventricular valves (av valves)?

what is the atrioventricular valve (av valve) of the right side of the heart called?

what is the atrioventricular valve (av valve) of the left side of the heart called?

where are semilunar (sl valves) located?

what is the purpose of semilunar (sl) valves?

where is the pulmonary (sl) valve located?

where is the aortic (sl) valve located?

what do the right and left coronary arteries branch off of?

deoxygenated blood from the capillaries in the myocardium enters where?

from the coronary sinus where does deoxygenated blood go?

what is digoxin derived from and what is it used for?

nitroglycerin

quinidine

what does the conduction system consist of?

has the fastest rate of depolarization (contraction). it is aka the **pacemaker** in the conduction system because it establishes the basic rhythm of the heart beat.

where is the SA (sinoatrial) node located and what is its function?

where is the location and function of the atrioventricular (av) node

AV bundle (bundle of His)

what happens if the SA node is unable to function?

what is an electrocardiogram? (ECG)

what does a normal electrocardiogram (aka ECG, aka ECG) consist of?

what is a P wave?

what is the QRS complex?

what is the T wave?

draw a picture of the PQRST waves that occur during an electrocardiogram

arrhythmia/dysrhythmia

what is a cardiac cycle?

systole

diastole

at a normal heart rate, I complete cardiac cycle lasts how long?

how long does systole (the contraction phase of the heart) last?

how long does ventricular systole last?

how long are all the chamber's relaxing for at the same time?

when does most ventricular filling occur?

what is systolic pressure?

what is the diastolic number?

what is pulse pressure and around what number is it, usually?

what is the "lubb-dupp" noise caused by?

"lubb" is

"Dubb" is

cardiac output=

what is cardiac output?

what does cardiac output measure?

SV (stroke volume)=

SV (stroke volume) is influenced by

what is end-diastolic volume?

what directly influences cardiac output?

what is the cardiac center?

what nervous systems does the medulla oblongata use to influence heart rate?

what does the autonomic N.S. do in coordination with the medulla oblongata?

what is the sympathetic nervous system?

what is the parasympathetic nervous system and what does it effect?

what is starlings law of the heart?

what happens when increased volume fills the ventricles?